1. Characterization of polysaccharide from Astragalus radix as the macrophage stimulator
- Author
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Lu-Hang Zhao, Zhi-Xin Ma, Deng-Po Weng, Xiao-Hong Yu, and Jie Zhu
- Subjects
Dependent manner ,Proline ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Biology ,Polysaccharide ,Nitric Oxide ,Plant Roots ,Cell Line ,Mice ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Polysaccharides ,Thiocarbamates ,medicine ,Macrophage ,Animals ,Radix ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Macrophages ,NF-kappa B ,Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ,Astragalus Plant ,Astragalus propinquus ,Macrophage Activation ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular Weight ,Astragalus ,Ultrafiltration (renal) ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,Adjuvant ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) was obtained by hot water extraction, alcohol precipitation, gel-permeation chromatography and ultrafiltration. Fluorescence material 2-aminoacridone (2-AMAC) labeled APS bind to macrophage in a time- dependent manner and the binding can be remarkably inhibited by APS. Furthermore, the effect of APS on RAW264.7 macrophage demonstrated APS increase the level of cytokines including TNF-α, GM-CSF and the production of NO. NF-κB protein levels are increased in response to APS. Blocking NF-κB with specific inhibitor resulted in decreased levels of NO and TNF-α. The results suggested that APS possess potent immunomodulatory activity by stimulating macrophage and could be used as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant.
- Published
- 2011