Search

Atherosclerosis is a disease caused by an inflammatory response which involved the interaction between endothelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, and is closely related to IL-17 regulation. This study is important to investigate the activity of Agaricusblazei in modulating the immunological activity based on the profile of CD4 + IL-17 + , CD8 + IL-17 + , and CD11b + IL-17 + in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced Balb/c mice. Mice in dietary groups were fed with HFD and then fed with A. blazei extract with three different doses including D1 (100 mg/kg BW), D2 (200 mg/kg BW), and D3 (400 mg/kg BW) once a day for 12 weeks. The cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and tested statistically with one-way ANOVA with α = 0.05 by using SPSS 16.00 software. The results showed that mice with HFD treatment had a higher level of Lp-PLA2 (atherosclerosis marker) compared with the control group (data not shown). The level of IL-17 in the atherosclerotic mice in the D1 group was significantly depleted compared to the control group. Of the three doses above, D1 may be an optimal dose to minimize or prevent the damage from atherosclerosis than the other doses., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Termedia.)

Obesity causes adipocyte hypertrophy, which leads to cell death. Consequently, macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate into the adipose tissue and elevate pro-inflammatory cytokine production through TLR activation. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of soybean extract, which was elicited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and light, as an anti-inflammatory agent in mice with a high-fat and -fructose diet (HFFD). The elicited soybean extract (ESE) was administered orally to mice for four weeks after being given an HFFD for 20 weeks. Three different doses were used: (1) low-dose (78 mg/kg BW); (2) normal dose (104 mg/kg BW); and (3) high dose (130 mg/kg BW). HFFD mice model treated with simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg BW considered as drug control. After 24 weeks, the lymphocytes were isolated and the relative number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells were analysed using flow cytometry. The results showed that the HFFD mouse model had an increased number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells. ESE administration decreased the relative number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells. The normal dose of ESE is the most effective dose in suppressing inflammation compared to positive controls. ESE 104 mg/kg BW can be considered as an alternative herbal medicine that may suppress inflammation in HFFD mice., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

VipAlbumin(®) is a supplement from snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus striatus) which has high content of albumin that is very important to develop new cells. The aims of this study were to know the effect of VipAlbumin(®) to cell proliferation, expression level of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cell, regulatory T cell, and B220+ cell, and immunocompetent cell cycle. Cell isolated from spleen of pathogen free mice were cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep 10×, 2-Mercaptoetanol, anti-CD3 and LPS. The concentrations of VipAlbumin (®) used were 0 µg/ml; 0.33 µg/ml; 33.3 µg/ml; and 3333.3 µg/ml. The cell was incubated in CO2 5% incubator 37°C for 3 days for cell cycle and 5 days for proliferation analysis and cell expression. FACS analysis was done to know cell proliferation profile, status of cell, and cell cycle. Concentration 33.3 µg/ml and 3333.3 µg/ml significantly can increase cell proliferation and induce cell enter G2/M phase (p < 0.05) compared to control. VipAlbumin can significantly increase the relative number of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cell, regulatory T cell, and B220+ cell (p < 0.05) compared to control. This study gives scientific evidence that VipAlbumin can be used as an immunostimulant which accelerates immunocompetent cells growth.