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Carboxylesterase (CE) is crucial in metabolizing ester-containing biomolecules and is particularly significant in liver metabolic diseases. Herein, we present the first activatable NIRF/PA dual-mode imaging probe QHD-CE for detection of CE in vitro and in vivo. QHD-CE displays excellent sensitivity and selectivity for CE with a high reaction efficiency (∼90 min). By utilizing QHD-CE, the dynamic changes of CE in drug-induced liver injury and diabetic mice models were monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, supramolecular chemistry with its unique properties has received considerable attention in many fields. Supramolecular fluorescent systems constructed on the basis of macrocyclic hosts are not only effective in overcoming the limitations of imaging and diagnostic reagents, but also in enhancing their performances. This paper summarizes the recent advances in supramolecular fluorescent systems based on host–guest interactions and their application in bioimaging and therapy as well as the challenges and prospects in developing novel supramolecular fluorescent systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a new click-activated prodrug, CA4V, and a bioorthogonal nanoreactor, CA4V/ZIF-90@TzCOF@Apt, which consists of a ZIF-90 core, tetrazine-based covalent organic framework (COF) shells and an aptamer polymer coating. When targeting a tumor, the acid-causing collapse of ZIF-90 initiates a nanoconfined bioorthogonal reaction in defined COF cages, which boosts the click efficiency of CA4V activation and therapeutic effects in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable and sensitive ctDNA biosensing in complex biological fluid is highly important but still remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a spherical nucleic acid reporter-based cascade CRISPR/Cas12a amplifier with improved stability and sensitivity (5 orders of magnitude). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here an activatable chemiluminescent probe CL-O3 for the high-contrast imaging of O3in vivo. CL-O3 exhibited a high selectivity toward O3 and was able to evaluate the degree of inflammation in mice by detecting endogenous O3 levels in acute inflamed mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitive and accurate detection of mature miRNA without the signal interference by pre-miRNAs is highly important. Herein, a size-selective DNA nanocage-based activatable CRISPR/Cas12a system was developed to achieve this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in situ and real-time supervision of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is of great significance for lessening nonspecific damage and guiding personalized therapy. However, photosensitizers frequently fail to deliver successful treatment accompanying the ROS-related imaging signals produced, impeding simple treatment outcome predictions and therapeutic schedule adjustments. Here, we report a two-photon fluorescence self-reporting strategy for the in situ and real-time monitoring of treatment response via a novel black phosphorus-based two-photon nanoprobe (TPBP). TPBP effectively generated singlet oxygen (1O2) under near-infrared laser irradiation for PDT, and 1O2 stimulated a two-photon molecule to emit fluorescence signals for feedback of 1O2 generation, which facilitated the regulation of treatment parameters to achieve precise and personalized medicine in deep tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A FRET-based probe for mapping the fluctuation of ONOO− in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury was constructed. It exhibits ratiometric near infrared fluorescence and a dramatic decrease of its peak absorbance at 719 nm upon addition of ONOO− that is converted into remarkable signal changes in fluorescence and photoacoustic images respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enzymatic-assisted signal amplification of DNA sensors is rarely applied in living cells due to the difficulties in protein delivery. In this study, we have proposed a biomineralization-based DNA nanoprobe to transport nucleases and DNA sensors for enzyme-assisted imaging of microRNA in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a pH stimulus-disaggregated BODIPY sensitizer (PTS) with low background-toxicity for achieving activated photodynamic/photothermal tumor therapy. Both the photodynamic and photothermal properties of PTS can be activated under acidic conditions, and PTS exhibits excellent antitumor properties, which is revealed by both in vitro and in vivo tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By assembling DNAzyme on DNA nanowires through DNA hybridization, we have developed a novel accelerated DNAzyme-based fluorescent nanoprobe for fast, sensitive and selective detection of miRNA. Moreover, the strategy was successfully applied for in situ imaging of miRNA-21 in different cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here a single-benzene based fluorescent framework, amino-terephthalonitrile, denoted SB-Fluor. This scaffold displays versatile emission wavelength tunability via structure modification, covering the full visible light spectrum, both in the solution and solid state. Moreover, one molecule, SBF3, exhibits polymorphism-dependent reversible mechanochromic luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly selective lysosome-targeting NIR fluorescent probe (Lyso-SiR-2S) for HOCl was constructed based on Si-rhodamine B spirodithiolactone. This probe was very effectively employed to sense HOCl produced in various living cells and to visualize fluctuations of endogenous HOCl resulting from GEN-induced acute kidney injury in vivo for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the first bioluminescent probe BP-PS for detecting H2Sn with high specificity and sensitivity. Owing to the bioluminescence imaging without requiring an excitation light source, tissue autofluorescence is eliminated and BP-PS shows a high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, BP-PS was successfully utilized to visualize endogenous H2Sn in live cells and a murine model of bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision diagnosis and effective treatment are the cores of early cancer therapy. Here, for the first time, we report a hybridization chain reaction-based nanoprobe for selective and sensitive cancer cell recognition and amplified photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bioluminescent probe, BP-HNO, which exhibits a turn-on response to nitroxyl with high sensitivity and selectivity, is reported for the first time in this work. BP-HNO is free from the interference of biological autofluorescence to afford a high signal-to-noise ratio for bioimaging, and was successfully applied to imaging nitroxyl in live cells and mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we developed a strategy to attack the cancer cell defense system against reactive oxygen species to improve photodynamic therapy efficacy with a Ce6@MSN@MTH1 siRNA nanosystem, which was demonstrated to improve cellular sensitivity to reactive oxygen species through suppressing MTH1 protein in cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A promising two-photon fluorescent probe MNAH for detecting 1O2 during the PDT process in mitochondria was proposed for the first time. MNAH was successfully applied for two-photon imaging of 1O2 in living cells and tissues during the PDT process with deep-tissue imaging depth. MNAH can be a powerful molecular tool for studying 1O2 generation in mitochondria during the PDT process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell-surface fluorescent probes are effective tools in cell biology and engineering. Here, we for the first time report a diacyllipid–aptamer conjugate-based fluorescent probe which could anchor on cell membrane for real-time tracking of potassium ions in the cell microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A FRET-based two-photon fluorescent probe, P-Np-Rhod, which exhibited a fast and high selective ratiometric response to nitroxyl, was first proposed. P-Np-Rhod was successfully applied to two-photon dual-channel imaging of nitroxyl in living cells and tissues with less cross-talk between channels and satisfactory deep-tissue imaging depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By employing DNAzyme as a recognition group and amplifier, and DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs) as signal reporters, we reported for the first time a label-free catalytic and molecular beacon as an amplified biosensing platform for highly selective detection of cofactors such as Pb2+ and l-histidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel coumarin-based fluorescent probe, P-CM, for quantitative detection of nitroxyl (HNO) was developed. P-CM exhibits a selective response to HNO over other biological reductants and was also applied for quantitative detection of HNO in bovine serum with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the super-quenching effect of the cationic perylene derivative on adjacent fluorophores, we for the first time reported a DNAzyme–perylene complex-based strategy for constructing fluorescence catalytic biosensors with improved sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a nanoscale DNA–Au dendrimer as a signal amplifier was proposed for the universal design of functional DNA-based ultra-sensitive SERS biosensors. This novel design combines the high specificity of functional DNA with the high sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, resulting in sensitivity superior to that of previously reported sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly selective electrochemical biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+in aqueous solution has been developed based on the strong and specific binding of Hg2+by two DNA thymine bases (T–Hg2+–T) and the use of AuNP-functionalized reporter DNA to achieve signal amplification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]