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Tannic acid-based functional coatings, as a green, universal and versatile tool to manipulate surface properties, have received extensive attention in the field of surface engineering of membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation. With the rapid development of this field, more flexible and efficient modification strategies for surface engineering of membranes have been developed recently. It is therefore critical to update the broader scientific community on the important advances in this field. Here, we summarize recent progress in surface engineering of membranes with tannic acid-based coatings for oil-in-water emulsion separation. The chemical properties of tannic acid and how to design TA-based functioanl coatings via physical/chemical regulation are discussed. The roles of tannic acid in surface engineering of membranes are highlighted and classified into the following five categories: changing surface wettability, adjusting surface charge, constructing catalytic surfaces, forming hydrogel surfaces, and fabricating hybrid separation membranes/layers. Finally, the future outlook and the challenges in this field are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and efficient strategy for constructing anti-oil-fouling zwitterionic coatings on membranes is developed. The resultant membrane exhibits excellent anti-oil-fouling ability even in a dry state, and has a high efficiency for emulsion separation with a high flux of 5800 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and an oil rejection of up to 99.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as an attractive metal-free polymer photocatalyst, has attracted extensive attention in energy and environmental fields in recent years. The photoactivity of bulk g-C3N4 is moderate on account of solid-phase thermal-condensation synthesis. This leads to inadequate light absorption, limited surface area, and easy recombination of charge carriers. The composition and nanostructure of g-C3N4 have been studied extensively. Molten-salt modulation is fascinating because of its "green" credentials and the properties of liquid-phase reaction systems. The review focuses mainly on molten-salt modulation of the composition and structure of g-C3N4 based-photocatalysts. We focus on elemental doping, molecular doping, and defect engineering, as well as control of the crystal structure, multi-dimensional structure, hom/heterostructures for photocatalytic applications. This review provides new insights to develop g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with control of composition and structure by facile molten-salt modulation in energy-conversion and environmental fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline carbon dots (CCDs) embedded in carbon nitride (CN) nanofragments (CCDs-CN) have been developed through facile molten salt treatment. Molten salt treatment not only reconstructs CN layered sheets to form nanofragments, but also promotes the crystallization of CDs-CN. The π-conjugated electric field between CCDs and CN accelerates charge carrier separation for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, using a dual functional DNA–linker–DNA (DLD) probe, a new concept of a symmetric signal amplification (SSA) reaction is introduced to simultaneously analyze miRNAs. By coupling the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology with symmetric amplification modes, this flexible biosensing system exhibits high sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condensed π-conjugation C-PAN/MS-CN nanotubes were obtained via a facile polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-confined molten salt (MS) thermal condensation of melamine. Carbonized PAN (C-PAN) nanosheets with a conjugate network structure in the molten salt system acted as partition plates confining the thermal condensation of melamine, which promoted the formation of condensed π-conjugation carbon nitride (CN) for the effective charge carrier separation and photocatalytic H2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]