Search

[Display omitted] • FeNC-RM, with excellent physicochemical properties was prepared by two-step pyrolysis. • Performance of AD for treating actual landfill leachate was amplified by FeNC-RM. • Secretion of HS was promoted for constructing an endogenous electronic bridge. • "Endogenous + exogenous" electron transfer mode from a new perspective was established. The presence of recalcitrant compounds and toxic substances in landfill leachate results in low anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency and poor methane production performance. Strengthening the extracellular electron transfer of microorganisms represents an effective approach to promote the AD of landfill leachate. In this study, a novel redox mediator (FeNC-RM) was synthesized through the combination of metal and non-metal doping, intensifying the stable operation of the landfill leachate AD system. Through characterization techniques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, it was observed that FeNC-RM possesses a larger specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and exceptional electrochemical performance. By adding FeNC-RM, the stability and efficiency of the medium-temperature AD system in the treatment of landfill leachate were improved: Obtained a high removal of chemical oxygen demand which was increased by 30 % compared to the control group and enhanced the specific methanogenic activity by 57.5 % compared to the control group. The electron transport system (ETS) activities of the experimental groups with the addition of RMs were all significantly higher than those of the control group, and the ETS activity of the sludge from the FeNC-RM group was 79.6 % higher than that of the control group. Through a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanism, it was determined that three aspects synergistically facilitated electron transfer: FeNC-RM, endowed with electrochemical capabilities, assumed a pivotal role in establishing a conduit for electron transport, thus promoting the synthesis of extracellular humic substances and augmenting electron transport activity. Furthermore, the microbial community was optimized by FeNC-RM, thereby fostering a co-nutritional mechanism between hydrolytic acidification bacteria and methanogens, establishing a direct interspecific electron transport pathway. In this study, an "endogenous + exogenous" electron transport model based on the enhanced extracellular electron transport pathway facilitated by FeNC-RM was proposed. This study offered valuable contributions to the advancement of anaerobic treatment technology for landfill leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ca-modified Mg-Zr MMO was investigated for fluoride treatment. • The maximum adsorption capacity of the CCMZ reached 144.05 mg/g. • Electrostatic attraction and ion exchange are adsorption mechanisms. • The agglomeration of the products was effectively avoided. Fluoride removal is an urgent problem in the field of water treatment. In this study, fluoride adsorption was performed using Ca-Modified Mg-Zr Mixed Metal Oxides (CCMZ), which was successfully prepared by a green hydrothermal process followed by high-temperature calcination. CCMZ was prepared using a lamellar MgO and ZrO 2 Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO). Then, calcium (Ca, a strong fluorophilic metal) was dispersed over the MMO, to form a 3D spongy structure. The obtained microstructural features significantly enhanced the fluoride migration and diffusion, resulting in an adsorption capacity of 144.05 mg/g. The agglomeration of the products was effectively avoided, so CCMZ showed good selectivity and reusability. Batch adsorption experiments and subsequent sample characterization showed that the fluoride adsorption mechanism of CCMZ involved electrostatic attraction and ion exchange mechanism. Therefore, this manuscript provides a rational design and a simple preparation method for a new class of fluoride adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrophobic silibinin was linked to the N-acetylgalactosamine-modified hydrophilic dextran backbone via a phenylboronic acid linkage to produce an amphiphilic polymer. • ROS-responsive liver-targeting NPs for efficient encapsulation of hydrophobic cell-permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM agents via hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions. • The released BAPTA-AM blocked the sterile inflammatory reaction and apoptosis signaling in the upstream link of acute liver injury. • The silibinin exerted synergistic hepatoprotective effects after the ROS-responsive cleavage of phenylboronic acid. Calcium overload in hepatocytes mediates the crosstalk and amplification loop with oxidative stress and severe inflammation that initiate pro-apoptotic and necrotic signaling pathways in acute liver injury (ALI). In this study, an N-acetylgalactosamine-modified amphiphilic dextran-silibinin conjugate (GalNAc-Dex-Sil) with ROS-sensitive phenylboronic acid (PBA) linkage was synthesized. The as-prepared amphiphilic polymer was self-assembled into GalNAc-Dex-Sil nanoparticles, which efficiently encapsulated the membrane-permeable calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (BA), achieving GalNAc-mediated hepatocyte-specific targeting and ROS-responsive release in injured hepatocytes through PBA cleavage. Accordingly, a single low-dose injection of formulation (BA: 150 μg·kg−1) significantly alleviated hepatocyte oxidative stress and inflammation, rescued dying hepatocytes, prevented further hepatocyte damage, and ultimately restored liver function in the ALI mouse model by 1) rapidly and effectively eliminating the overloaded calcium and scavenging excessive ROS via released BA to block the feed-forward vicious cycles of the cell damage, 2) inhibiting the inflammatory cascade by decreasing the expression of the key factor of the NF-κB/NLPR3 axis, 3) inhibiting the key branch of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (Cyt C/Bcl-2 family/caspase-3 axis) and death receptor pathway (TNFα/Caspase-8 axis), and 4) stabilizing hepatocyte membranes through the synergistic hepatoprotective effect of silibinin. Taken together, this formulation exhibited great potential as a potent and effective ALI treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]