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• PEDOT are introduced into the interlayer of vanadyl phosphate. • The surface of vanadyl phosphate is coated by PEDOT. • The structural stability and electrical conductivity are improved. • A reversible Zn2+ insertion/extraction storage mechanism is proposed in PEDOT-VOP. The electrochemical properties of vanadyl phosphates as cathode materials for Zn-ion batteries have been severely hindered by their inherent poor electronic conductivity, unavoidable dissolution in aqueous solutions, and sluggish reaction kinetics. In this study, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is introduced in vanadyl phosphates (PEDOT-VOP) through the in situ polymerization as interlayer guest species and surface coating layer, along with the generation of oxygen vacancies. The intercalated PEDOT develops strong interaction with the host layer, which can maintain its structural integrity. In addition, the PEDOT coating shell can enhance electronic conductivity together with oxygen vacancies to promote efficient electron transfer and prevent dissolution of active materials to stabilize the vanadyl phosphate core. As a result, the PEDOT-VOP electrode demonstrates a high discharge capacity of 180 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A/g with good rate performance (128 mA h g−1 at 2 A/g) and enhanced cycling stability (a capacity retention of 88.6 % after 2000 cycles at 1 A/g). The reversible Zn2+ insertion/extraction mechanism is further validated by diverse ex situ tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cyano-functionalized ionic porous organic polymer was synthesized for the first time. • CN-iPOP3 as SPE sorbent displayed exceptional sorption performance for estrogens. • Sorption mechanism was proved to be the synergistic effect of multiple interactions. • A CN-iPOP3 based SPE-HPLC method was developed to assay estrogens in water and milk. Estrogens have been recognized as a class of endocrine disruptors. It is of utmost significance to develop a sensitive analytical method for the reliable determination of estrogen in environmental and food samples. Herein, a series of cyano-functionalized ionic porous organic polymers (CN-iPOPs) were successfully prepared for the first time using (1-imidazolyl)acetonitrile and biphenyl dichlorobenzene as building blocks via Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The optimized CN-iPOPs (CN-iPOP3) displayed exceptional sorption capacity for estrogens, making it an advanced adsorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE) of estrogens. In combination, CN-iPOP3 based SPE with high performance liquid chromatography, a sensitive and reliable method was developed for determination of four estrogens in lake water and milk samples. Under optimal conditions, good linear response was obtained to be 0.09–100.0 ng mL−1 for lake water and 0.90–1000.0 ng mL−1 for milk, with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.03–0.05 ng mL−1 and 0.30–0.70 ng mL−1 respectively. The method recoveries were in the range of 85.0%-119.0% with the relative standard deviations lower than 7.8%. The synergistic effect of electrostatic force, hydrogen bond, π-π stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction was proved to be the main adsorption mechanism. This research provides a promising approach to design iPOP-based adsorbents for effectively enriching or removing organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]