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[Display omitted] • Representative studies about CdS-based nanomaterials for the photoreduction of CO 2 are illustrated. • The modification strategies of CdS-based photocatalysts as well as DFT calculation are highlighted. • Perspectives and challenges in this field of photoreduction of CO 2 by CdS-based nanomaterials are presented. Semiconductor-based CO 2 photoreduction for generating chemical energy has recently attracted special attention owing to its tremendous potential for solving increasingly grim energy crises and environmental concerns. Among them, Cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based nanomaterials have attracted enormous attention on account of the relatively narrow band gap for harvesting visible-light and well-suited band position for CO 2 photoreduction. Herein, the comprehensive review focus on the application and progress in CO 2 photoreduction over CdS-based photocatalysts. In this review, we begin with a detailed discussion of CdS materials in CO 2 photoreduction, including fundamental of CO 2 photoreduction as well as products selectivity. In particular, we will highlight the modification of CdS materials for efficient CO 2 photoreduction. And the utilization of density functional theory (DFT) in the study of CO 2 photoreduction over CdS-based photocatalysts is emphasized. Moreover, the remaining challenges to investigate and optimize the catalyzing ability of CdS-based catalysts are stated to indicate possible future development of CdS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]