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• MIL-101(Cr) nodes were tethered by ionic liquids bearing hydrogen-bond donor. • MIL-101(Cr) derivative as catalyst boosted the epoxide cycloaddition with CO 2. • The heterogeneous catalyst containing carboxyl displayed superior activity. • The catalyst exhibited the great durability and recyclability. It is critical to design an effective catalyst for CO 2 conversion into cyclocarbonate to achieve the carbon neutrality. Herein, MIL-101(Cr) tethered by hydrogen bond donors (HBD)-containing ionic liquids (denoted as MIL-101-ILs(R), R = OH, NH 2 , and COOH) were synthesized through the implantation of 4,4′-bipyridine into MOF nodes via the post-synthetic modification, followed by the decoration with bromoalkanes including bromoethanol, bromoethylamine, and bromoacetic acid. Their catalytic performance were evaluated by the epoxide cycloaddition reaction under 1.0 MPa CO 2 and 80 ℃ for 6 h in the absence of solvent and cocatalyst. Compared to MIL-101-ILs without HBD, MIL-101-ILs(OH) and MIL-101-ILs(NH 2) demonstrated the more chloropropene carbonate (CPC) yield of 88 % and 83 %, respectively. Notably, MIL-101-ILs(COOH) exhibited an uppermost activity with a CPC yield of 96 %, attributed to the cooperativity of Lewis acidity originating from Cr 3 O clusters, hydrogen-bond interaction afforded by carboxyl groups, and the strong nucleophilicity offered by Br- ions of ILs. Moreover, MIL-101-ILs(COOH) presented excellent recyclability. A potential catalytic mechanism for epoxide cycloaddition with CO 2 into cyclic carbonate has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CsPbBr 3 with quantum-limited domain effects have reversible hydrochromic properties. • Different Organic solvents cause polarity-related discoloration of composites. • A detection model was developed for all-organic solvent polarity detection. Hydrochromic materials have received much attention in anticounterfeiting due to their reversible photoemission properties toward water. However, existing hydrochromic materials usually suffer from slow hydrochromic response and limited stability, repeatability, and color tunability. This paper found for the first time that CsPbBr 3 /Cs 4 PbBr 6 composites with quantum-limited domain effects had reversible hydrochromism. CsPbBr 3 /Cs 4 PbBr 6 composites were successfully synthesized in molecular sieve MCM-41 using an improved mechanochemical method. The composites underwent a reversible phase transition from Cs 4 PbBr 6 /CsPbBr 3 to CsPbBr 3 upon treatment with a trace amount of water, the photoluminescence colors underwent a change from blue to green, and reversion occurred due to heating. Mechanistic investigation revealed that quantum dots underwent soft agglomeration due to van der Waals forces in polar solvent environments, affecting the action of quantum domain-limiting effects. Therefore, organic solvents with different polarities can cause different degrees of reversible discoloration of the material. This study provides new ideas for understanding the phase transition and agglomeration of metal halide perovskite quantum dots in polar solvent environments. Additionally, it offered new options for aqueous color-changing materials and organic solvent polar detection materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• La/N co-doped TiO 2 /SrFe 2 O 4 /diatomite (LN-TSD) composite was prepared. • The visible-light-driven photoactivity of LN-TSD was investigated. • The optimal amount of co-dopant and catalyst dosage were determined. • The charge transfer between TiO 2 and SrFe 2 O 4 improved the photocatalytic activity. • The LN-TSD catalyst showed easy separation and good reusability after 5 recycles. Powdery photocatalyst has long been studied, yet its low reusability in suspension system is the bottleneck which hinders its large-scale application. An alternative method to overcome this drawback is developing magnetic recyclable composite. In this work, we prepared lanthanum-nitrogen co-doped titania/strontium ferrite/diatomite (LN-TSD) ternary composite via sol-gel technology. The as-prepared materials were characterized and analyzed, and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated via the elimination of antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) under visible light illumination. Charge transfer happened at the heterojunction interface between TiO 2 and strontium ferrite, and thus improved the photocatalytic efficiency by inhibiting the recombination of charge carriers. The photodegradation rate of OTC was accelerated by the high adsorption ability of substrate diatomite, due to the adsorption and degradation synergistic effect between photocatalytic components and substrate diatomite. The optimal dopant amount and catalyst dosage were determined, and the corresponding LN-TSD sample showed its degradation rate of OTC as 95.5% after 2.5 h. The ternary LN-TSD composite could simply be separated from OTC solution via an external magnet, and the repetition tests indicated that, after 5 turns of repetition, only slightly decrease of degradation rate could be observed (dropped to 94.2%). This composite was promising to be applied in wastewater remediation process, due to its good photocatalytic activity under visible light, as well as its good reusability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • UV/chlorination of diatrizoate (DTZ) follows pseudo first-order kinetics. • UV/chlorination can degrade diatrizoate more effectively than UV alone. • OCl mainly contributes to the degradation of diatrizoate. • The steady-state concentration of OH was very low during UV/chlorination. Abstract The degradation kinetics of the widely used iodinated X-ray contrast medium, namely diatrizoate, was investigated during ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and UV/chlorination. Factors influencing diatrizoate degradation, such as pH, chlorine dosage, and bromide concentration, were also evaluated. Diatrizoate was not degraded during chlorination. However, the degradation of diatrizoate during UV photolysis and UV/chlorination complied with the pseudo-first-order kinetics. At pH 7, the pseudo-first-order rate constant during UV/chlorination was 9.3 times higher than that during UV photolysis. The results of a radical quenching test using excessive tert -butanol suggested that the contribution of Cl, a type of reactive chlorine species (RCS), was limited. The contributions of UV direct photolysis, hydroxyl radicals (OH), and RCS to diatrizoate degradation during UV/chlorination at pH 7 were estimated to be 12.8%, 1.2%, and 85.9%, respectively. Results of further experiment suggested that OCl primarily caused diatrizoate degradation. As the chlorine concentration gradually increased from 25 to 150 μM, the corresponding pseudo-first-order rate constant of UV/chlorination increased from 8.37 (±0.42) × 10−3 to 5.52 (±0.28) × 10−2 s−1. When the pH value was increased from 5 to 9, the rate of diatrizoate degradation reached the maximum at pH 7 and gradually decreased during UV/chlorination; however, the rate of diatrizoate degradation remained stable during UV photolysis. The degradation of diatrizoate was inhibited when the bromide concentration was increased due to the competition for chlorine between bromide and diatrizoate; thus, the generation of OCl was limited. Compared with UV irradiation, UV/chlorination could reduce the formation of iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THM) after chlorination. However, dichloroacetonitrile (C 2 HCl 2 N), which is carcinogenic, was generated during UV/chlorination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The MGL was prepared by the one-pot solvothermal method. • The MGL adsorbed Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ effectively with easily magnetic separation. • The adsorption mechanisms of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ were discussed. Abstract The magnetic graphene oxide and MgAl-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite (MGL) was synthesized via a simple one-pot solvothermal method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and N 2 adsorption-desorption. The results proved that the MGL nanocomposite had typical features of graphene oxide and MgAl-layered double hydroxide. Moreover, the MGL had magnetism which related to the fabrication of Fe 3 O 4 during the solvothermal reaction, and could be easily separated from mixture with easy magnetic separation assistance. Subsequently, the MGL was used to evaluate the adsorption efficiency for lead, copper and cadmium in aqueous solutions by batch equilibrium experiments. The MGL showed excellent adsorption ability for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model well fit the adsorption kinetic data and isotherm data, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ by MGL were detailed conducted by XRD and XPS analysis, and could be ascribed to the surface complexation, precipitation and isomorphic replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• VC 0.75 /Co-CoO was applied as a host in Li-S battery for the first time. • The catalytic activity towards polysulfides is regulated. • The bifunctional catalytic effect of VC 0.75 /Co-CoO is analyzed. The shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides lead to a short lifespan and poor rate capability of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Introducing electrocatalysts into sulfur host materials has been deemed a promising strategy to overcome these issues in Li-S batteries. Herein, an efficient catalytic sulfur host material (i.e., VC 0.75 /Co-CoO) has been fabricated by simply pyrolyzing the electrospun vanadium and cobalt salt-based polymer fibers. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the as-formed heterostructure of Co-CoO with VC 0.75 evidently strengthens the redox kinetics of polysulfides due to the enhanced adsorption ability to polysulfides and adjusts the electronic structure of heterostructure via the introduction of VC 0.75. Further theoretical computation discloses that Co-CoO mainly plays the role in stretching the S S bond in polysulfides to facilitate the reduction of polysulfide, extending the Li-S bond in Li 2 S and reducing energy barriers of Li 2 S decomposition to promote the oxidation process of Li 2 S. Accordingly, the collaboration of Co-CoO and VC 0.75 synergetically facilitates the redox kinetics of polysulfides, prolonging the lifespan of Li-S batteries. Impressively, VC 0.75 /Co-CoO composites endow Li-S batteries with a discharge capacity decay rate as low as 0.02 % per cycle at the current density of 0.2 C. The specific capacity reaches 626 mAh/g at the high current density of 1.0 C even after 450 cycles. This work sheds light on a facile methodology for improving the catalytic activity of sulfur host materials in Li-S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical wastes, such as antibiotics, have been successfully degradated by TiO 2 under UV light irradiation. Yet, similar work has seldom been done by visible light responsive catalysts. In this work, we prepared N doped TiO 2 /diatomite integrated photocatalytic pellet (N-IPP), and evaluated its photoactivity by degradating tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) solution. According to the degradation results, optimal experimental and preparation conditions were determined. Besides, the effects of inorganic ions were also investigated: Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− and PO 4 3− . According to BET results, the specific surface area of N-IPP pellet was similar to that of N-TiO 2 /diatomite powder. SEM and TEM images showed that, the hierarchical porous structure of diatomite helped TiO 2 nanoparticles disperse well on its surface and prevented their agglomeration. XRD and XPS analysis revealed that, the formation of Si–O–Ti bond and N dopant restrained the crystal growth of TiO 2 . Various intermediates generated during degradation process were illustrated, and active species were determined using scavengers, then we concluded the degradation pathway and mechanism of N-IPP. Moreover, N-IPP exhibited good reusability and could be easily filtrated from the reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ZIF-8 channelled and coordination-bridging ZIF-8/WS 2 membrane was developed. • A fixed interlayer spacing was achieved by coordination-bridges of ZIF-8. • IPA permeance through it was unchanged after soaking in IPA for 192 h. • IPA permeance and DB 38 rejection changed slightly during 100 h cross-flow filtration. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)/WS 2 composite 2D membranes were constructed by in-situ growth of ZIF-8 in the interlayer of WS 2 laminar membrane. The growth of ZIF-8 nanoparticles in WS 2 membrane expanded the interlayer spacing, and endowed WS 2 membrane with fixed interlayer spacing by coordination-bridges between WS 2 and ZIF-8, which made ZIF-8/WS 2 membrane possess not only high solvent permeance but also excellent stability in organic solvents. Isopropanol (IPA) permeance through ZIF-8/WS 2 membrane reached 272 L/m2·h·bar, which was about 1.6 times higher than that through pristine WS 2 membrane, and the rejection rates for Direct Black 38 (DB38), Congo Red (CR) and Rose Bengal (RosB) were 99%, 99% and 30% respectively. Furthermore, the IPA permeance through ZIF-8/WS 2 membrane was almost unchanged after soaking in IPA for 192 h, and IPA permeance and rejection rate for DB 38 changed slightly during 100 h of cross-flow filtration, demonstrating remarkable stability of ZIF-8/WS 2 membranes in organic solvents and a promising application potential in organic solvent nanofiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced biodegradation of pyridine under anoxic condition was elucidated in this study through both batch and continuous experiments. The results of the batch experiment indicated that pyridine biodegradation was significantly enhanced in the anoxic condition, probably due to the presence of the electron acceptor, i.e., NO 3 − . Pyridine could be mineralized in the anoxic condition, accompanied by the release of ammonia. Pyridine could be degraded optimally at neutral to slightly alkaline pHs. High concentrations of nitrate or pyridine had inhibitory effects on the anoxic degradation of pyridine. The combined anoxic–aerobic process consisted of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was operated to investigate the performance of pyridine biodegradation and total-N (TN) removal in this integrated system. The NH 4 + released from pyridine biodegradation in ABR was nitrified completely into NO 3 − in MBBR, which was then recirculated into ABR, serving as the electron acceptor for pyridine biodegradation. With the effluent recirculation rates increased from 0% to 400%, both pyridine biodegradation and TN removal were improved, probably due to the high availability of nitrate and the mitigation of the toxic effect over the biomass at relatively high recirculation rates. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that Paracoccus , Thiobacillus and Paludibacter were the dominant species in the anoxic degradation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous ZnO nanosheets with exposed {0 0 1} facets coated on Zn foils have been synthesized by annealing sheet-like Zn 5 (OH) 8 Cl 2 ·H 2 O–Zn 2 OCl 2 ·2H 2 O precursor coated on Zn foils at 400 °C for 60 min. The precursors were synthesized by heating ZnCl 2 solution on zinc foil at 340 °C for 60 min. Photocatalytic activity of porous ZnO nanosheets in degradation of methyl orange was studied, and the results indicate that the porous ZnO nanosheets show superior photoreactivity, compared to ZnO nanorods as a benchmarking material. The superior photocatalytic activity is attributed to the exposed {0 0 1} facets and a high specific surface area. The exposed {0 0 1} facets were found to be polar surfaces by periodic density functional theory calculations, and thus a charge separation model between polar (0 0 1) and ( 0 0 1 ¯ ) surfaces was proposed. There is an internal electric field between positive Zn–ZnO (0 0 1) and negative O–ZnO ( 0 0 1 ¯ ) surfaces due to the spontaneous polarization. The internal electric field provides a driving force for charge separation. The reduction and oxidation reactions take place on the positive (0 0 1) and negative ( 0 0 1 ¯ ) polar surfaces, respectively. The charge separation model can deepen understanding of charge transfer in the semiconductor nanocrystal with highly photocatalytic activities and offer guidance to design more effective photocatalysts and new type of solar cells, photoelectrodes or photoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The U-shaped BCFT hollow-fiber membrane reactor was constructed for POM successfully. [•] A high oxygen permeation of 20ml/mincm2 was achieved at 875°C. [•] Metal ion reduction and segregation of elements take place on the membrane surfaces after POM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BiOBr/BTO heterojunction catalysts were prepared by chemical precipitation method. • The catalyst exhibits highly efficient piezo-photocatalysis for degrading multi-pollutant. • Synergistic piezo-photocatalysis was realized under light illumination and ultrasound. • The catalyst shows favorable cycling stability and applicability for multi-pollutant. Piezo-catalysis is a green and effective method for degrading rich and obstinate molecules in wastewater. Yet, the piezo-catalytic performance of frequently-used barium titanate (BTO) is still limited for practical applications, thus it is crucial to construct high-efficiency BTO-based catalysts. Herein, BiOBr/BTO heterojunction-based piezo-photocatalysts were successfully prepared using the chemical precipitation method, and an internal electric field was established via ultrasound to promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs through the synergistic effect of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis. Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the heterojunction. The degradation performance of Rhodamine B (RhB) by BiOBr/BTO is the best among various pollutants, giving a reaction rate constant up to 20.839 × 10−2 min−1, exceeding numerous previously reported catalysts. In addition, the piezo-photocatalytic reaction rate of BiOBr/BTO for Methyl Orange was 9.298 × 10−2 min−1, ≈ 3.3 times than those of pure BTO (2.806 × 10−2 min−1), and also ≈ 15.9 times and 3.3 times than those of single photocatalysis (0.585 × 10−2 min−1) or piezocatalysis (2.848 × 10−2 min−1). Importantly, the BiOBr/BTO heterojunction demonstrates excellent catalytic degradation performance for a broad range of pollutants (e.g., dyes and antibiotics) and their mixtures, as well as favorable cycling stability and repeatability with changed environmental conditions, displaying applicability in actual wastewater treatment. The possible degradation pathways of RhB were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The present work supplies a feasible strategy for the preparation of high-efficiency piezo-photocatalytic BTO-based heterojunctions, which can guide other composites for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The natural polymer chitin was designed to immobilise cofactor PLP. • The LDC can be purified and immobilised on the chitin via a one-step protocol. • The enzyme and PLP were effectively co-immobilised on the chitin. • The prepared biocatalyst can continuous yield cadaverine without additional PLP. Enzyme cofactors are essential in biocatalysis for many enzymes. However, their high commercial cost limits the industrial application of cofactor-dependent enzymes. We overcame this challenge by constructing a self-sufficient biocatalyst that co-immobilised pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and L-lysine decarboxylase (LDC) using natural polymer chitin as the functional material. First, degree of deacetylation (DDA) of chitin was regulated to enhance PLP adsorption and immobilisation. Then, the enzyme was immobilised via fusion of a chitin-binding domain. Chitin with 36% DDA efficiently co-immobilised LDC and PLP. Laser scanning confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope proved that the LDC and PLP were immobilised on the chitin. The self-sufficient biocatalyst retained over 55% of its original activity after five cycles. The proposed strategy provides a new way to achieve co-immobilisation of PLP-dependent enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sensitive photoelectrochemical method was developed for histone acetyltransferase detection. • WS 2 and black TiO 2 heterojunction presented strong photoelectrochemical response. • Solid electron donor of polydopamine can effectively improve the photoactivity of WS 2 and black TiO 2. • This method can also be applied for the inhibitor screening. A kind of novel heterojunction structure with black TiO 2 and WS 2 was prepared with matched energy band and significantly improved visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical activity. Then, to further improve the photoelectrochemical activity of this heterojunction, solid-state electron donor of polydopamine was employed with satisfactory result. The band gap, potential of conduction band and valence band was investigated using Mott-Schottky curve, VB-XPS and UV–vis diffuser reflectance techniques. These materials were also characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, IR, Roman spectra, and EPR image. The improved photoactivity was confirmed by monitoring and comparing the photocurrent response of black TiO 2 , WS 2 and Black TiO 2 /WS 2 heterojunction. To explore the applicability of this novel heterojunction structure, a kind of photoelectrochemical biosensor was constructed for histone acetyltransferase p300 detection using black TiO 2 and WS 2 as photoactive material and polydopamine as electron donor. Under optimized conditions, the photoelectrochemical biosensor shows wide linear range from 0.01 to 500 nM for histone acetyltransferase p300 detection. The detection limit is 0.0033 nM (S/N = 3). The sensor has good selectivity, stability and reproducibility. The inhibition tests show that aminoglycoside antibiotics significantly inhibits the activity of histone acetyltransferase and the IC 50 of typical tobramycin, streptomycin sulfate and kanamycin sulfate were 10.41, 13.31 and 15.42 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heat-activated persulfate can effectively remove iohexol, but mineralization was almost negligible. • Raising temperature can significantly improve the degradation rate of iohexol, especially in the beginning 5 min. • Hydroxyl radical contributed more to the iohexol degradation than sulfate radical. • Higher concentrations of chloride (≥1 mM), bicarbonate (≥5 mM), and humic acid (≥5 mg/L) inhibited iohexol degradation. • Iodide was generated during iohexol degradation. In this study, we investigated the degradation kinetics of a commonly used iodinated contrast medium, iohexol, by using heat-activated persulfate. The results indicate that the iohexol concentration can be effectively reduced with a removal percentage higher than 85% despite the long reaction time (2–3 h). The iohexol disappearance fitted well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The persulfate consumption almost reached the maximum value during the initial 5 min of the reaction. Subsequently, persulfate was no longer consumed, which resulted in a decrease in the reaction rate. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of iohexol degradation significantly increased with temperature but decreased with an increase in pH from 5 to 9. The results of the quenching experiments performed using ethanol and tert-butanol indicate that the role of hydroxyl radicals was more important than that of sulfate radicals in iohexol degradation during heat-activated persulfate oxidation. However, without heat activation, persulfate did not react with iohexol. Therefore, the effect of pH on the HO· concentration dominated the effect of pH on iohexol degradation. High concentrations of bicarbonate (≥5 mM), chloride (≥1 mM), and dissolved natural organic matter (≥5 mg/L) inhibited the degradation of iohexol due to the consumption of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The mineralization percentage was only 3.8% (no considerable improvement) when the temperature was increased to 80 °C. The molecular structures of the intermediates contained iodine with molecular weights higher than 377 Da. Moreover, the generation of iodide was detected. The experimental results suggest that special attention should be paid to the risk of the formation of disinfection by-products in the subsequent chlorine disinfection process when treating natural water containing iohexol through heat-activated persulfate oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CH 4 and CO 2 hydrate phase equilibrium in the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI) were presented. • Induction time was measured to identify the kinetic effect of PEI on the hydrate formation. • PEI kinetically inhibits CH 4 hydrate formation but promotes CO 2 hydrate formation. • We used nucleation theory to correlate the nucleation rate with the induction time. The unusual behavior of a new class of compounds that selectively function as either promoters or inhibitors of gas hydrate formation depending on the process conditions has made their exploration increasingly appealing. In this study, polyethylenimine (PEI) exhibits desirable functionality that may be a candidate for environmentally benign compounds. The present work investigated PEI's thermodynamic and kinetic influence on the formation of CH 4 and CO 2 hydrates for two PEI concentrations (0.5 and 5.0 mass%) and two PEI molecular weights (25,000 and 750,000 g/mol). The isochoric method was applied to measure the hydrate-liquid water–vapor-three-phase-coexisting (H-L W -V-3PC) phase boundary. PEI is a thermodynamic inhibitor regardless of CH 4 or CO 2 as a hydrate former, and 0.5 mass% PEI system exhibits the highest average suppression temperatures of 0.25 and 0.62 K, respectively. Kinetic findings, such as induction time, initial hydrate formation rate, and nucleation rate, on the other hand, revealed that PEI could act differently in response to specific hydrate formers. PEI kinetically inhibits CH 4 hydrates formation but promotes the formation of CO 2 hydrates. This promotion effect is attributed to PEI's high CO 2 absorption ability to enhance the solubility of CO 2. This unique behavior of PEI presents appealing advantages in the natural gas hydrate exploitation field due to their potential for greater operational flexibility and minimal environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution proposes an adiabatic criterion ( cri ad ) for online detection of thermal runaway region and determination of the real-time acceptable accumulation in a semibatch process. The cri ad is deduced based on a mathematic analysis of the mass and heat balance equations of semibatch reactors. It states that the semibatch processes are in a potential runaway situation if the value of cri ad is positive on a segment of the reaction path. Furthermore, the numerical simulations for semibatch second order reactions were performed under isoperibolic and isothermal operating conditions verify the validation of the cri ad . To take advantage of this criterion, the information on real-time temperature of the reaction mixture and conversion of the reactants are required. Specifically, the temperature of reaction mixture can be directly measured, while the conversion of the reactants can be online measured through a modified reaction calorimetry method. This criterion can potentially contribute to optimize the feeding profile as a safety constraint as well as enhance the inherent safety of the semibatch processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Developed biodegradable magnesium-based alloy skull repairment (MASR) for skull bone defect. • The Mg-2Zn alloy-based MASR presented a lower degradation rate, greater mechanical strength, and less influence on bone structure. • Revealed the close interaction of MASR and intracranial microenvironment. Over the last decade, due to the disadvantages of conventional implant materials in skull bone defects, there has been a high demand for alternative biodegradable materials. As a typical biodegradable metal, magnesium (Mg) and its alloy have been successfully researched in various fields and applied in clinical in recent years, but none of them are about osteointegration, especially in cranioplasty. This study aims to explore the effect of Mg-based alloy skull repairment (MASR) on bone healing for the first time. The results verify that the high pure magnesium (HPM) and Mg-2 wt% Zn alloys can promote skull bone repair and induce the M2-like polarization of macrophages. Meanwhile, we also confirmed the pro-osteogenic function of induced M2-like macrophages on the bone marrow stem cells. Moreover, due to the close interaction of MASR and intracranial microenvironment, we clarified its immune regulatory function and underlying mechanisms on the microglia. The Mg-2Zn alloy presented a lower degradation rate, greater mechanical strength, and less influence on bone structure, and the MASR may serve as a potential clinical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel cellulose membrane (RC@PTA) was developed by ice-dissolving-regeneration. • RC@PTA with controllable and regulatable 3D interconnected porous structure. • RC@PTA exhibited self-healing and excellent self-cleaning property. • Emulsified oil and methylene blue solution can be effectively purified by RC@PTA. • Providing a novel routine for designing supramolecular regenerated cellulose membrane. Recently, the development of renewable cellulose materials has attracted significant attention due to their remarkable properties of good biocompatibility, cost-affordable and readily available. Additionally, the regeneration and reapplication of celluloses can efficiently utilize the bio-resource to achieve the recycling of biomaterials. However, huge challenges existed for the uncontrollable regeneration process and poor mechanical property of regenerated cellulose, which greatly limited its practical application. In this study, a brand-new controllable regeneration method was developed by using collaborative bio-inspired in-situ self-assembly and "ice-dissolution-regeneration" strategy, and obtained regenerated cellulose membrane possessed excellent mechanical property and regulable three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous structure. According to the best of our knowledge, such an ice-dissolving-regeneration strategy has not been exploited for preparing membrane with 3D porous structure. In the ice dissolution process, the supramolecular fibers membrane was regenerated by conducting the in-situ self-assembly process, and moreover, the membrane exhibited great self-healing, excellent selective permeation, outstanding anti-oil fouling, brilliant self-cleaning and superior tenacity performance. Under the condition of gravity, obtained membrane exhibited outstanding performance for achieving water purification. Therefore, the facile, universal and scalable regenerated strategy was developed in this study, which provided a novel way for efficiently constructing new-type supramolecular regenerated cellulose membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • LaFeO 3 is treated using a simple hydrothermal method to induce A-site La ion defects. • The introduction of La defects not only enhances the photoelectric properties but also increases the oxygen vacancy content. • The 0.7LFO/H 2 O 2 exhibits a consistently high TC removal rate across a wide pH range. • The 0.7LFO/H 2 O 2 demonstrates an efficient TC removal rate in a variety of highly concentrated ions. Efficiently removing tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) in environments with extreme pH and high ion concentrations poses a challenge in photocatalytic water treatment technology. In this study, we synthesized lanthanum ferrite perovskite oxides (LFO) with varying La defects using a simple hydrothermal method. These La defects increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies and improved the optoelectronic properties of LFO. We observed a consistently high removal rate of TC in the 0.7LFO/H 2 O 2 /inorganic ion system, even at high concentrations of Cl−, SO 4 2−, and NO 3 − (up to 64 mM). The TC removal rates reached up to 98.4 % (k = 0.06027 min−1), 96.4 % (k = 0.04932 min−1), and 93.1 % (k = 0.03882 min−1), which were 3.709 times, 3.035 times, and 2.389 times higher than those of pure LFO (k = 0.01625 min−1). Furthermore, 0.7LFO exhibited excellent TC removal across a wide pH range (pH = 1–13), indicating its potential for practical applications in complex environments. We also investigated the degradation mechanisms and pathways of TC using ESR and LC-MS. The minimal leaching of iron ions from 0.7LFO, even after repeated cycles, makes it a promising photocatalyst suitable for diverse and challenging conditions. This research offers a novel approach to efficiently degrading organic pollutants in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bi 2 MoO 6 @Co 3 O 4 core–shell heterogeneous was synthesized by a hydrothermal process. • It exhibited excellent degradation efficiency for reactive brilliant blue KN-R. • Its Z-scheme band structure was investigated. • The mechanism of the synergistic photoelectrocatalytic effect was explored. The decomposition efficiency of refractory organic contaminants depends strongly on the characteristics of photoanode semiconductors during the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) process, and selecting an excellent material with superior PEC efficiency is a challenge for the current PEC oxidation technique's practical application. Herein, a novel Bi 2 MoO 6 @Co 3 O 4 hierarchical core–shell heterogeneous photoanode is fabricated by the simple hydrothermal process. Moreover, the amount of Bi 2 MoO 6 nanosheets adhered to the surface of the Co 3 O 4 nanowire can be easily tuned by changing the concentration of the Bi 2 MoO 6 precursor solution. The as-prepared Bi 2 MoO 6 @Co 3 O 4 photoanode exhibited larger electroactive surface area, lower charge transfer resistance, more negative flat band potential, and high separation efficiency of induced e-/h+ pairs, as compared with that of bare Co 3 O 4 nanowire. It is worth mentioning that the Z-scheme heterojunction structure formed by the combination of Bi 2 MoO 6 and Co 3 O 4 maintained the more vital redox ability of induced e-/h+. Consequently, the as-prepared Bi 2 MoO 6 @Co 3 O 4 photoanodes showed better PEC performance than Bi 2 MoO 6 or Co 3 O 4 for the degradation of reactive brilliant blue KN-R. The optimized Bi 2 MoO 6 @Co 3 O 4 -2.0 exhibited the highest degradation rate of 88.43% and accelerated stability of 110 min at the current density of 500 mA·cm−2 in 1.0 mol·L-1 H 2 SO 4 solution. The strategy of fabricating core–shell heterostructure Bi 2 MoO 6 @Co 3 O 4 photoanode with superior PEC efficiency may guide other heterogeneous designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recrystallization and micronization for an antibacterial active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), sulfathiazole, was investigated in this study using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technology. The effects for the type of solvent, temperature and pressure on particle formation were investigated using the SEM, DSC and XRD analyses. It was observed that various solvents resulted in different polymorphisms. The original sulfathiazole had the crystal form III. It was recrystallized and micronized into form I when acetone was used as the solvent in the semicontinuous SAS process. The polymorph changed to form IV when ethanol was employed as the solvent. The mean particle size of sulfathiazole was reduced from its original 43.0±15.5μm to 2.1±0.8μm at the optimal operating condition. The optimally micronized sulfathiazole exhibited a much narrower particle size distribution. It also presented an enhanced dissolution rate by 3.2 times to the original API in a simulated intestinal fluid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Encapsulating CsPbBr 3 in layered B 2 O 3 via water-induced glass phase transition. • The Luminous performance and stability of CsPbBr 3 NCs are improved. • The prepared LCD covers 130% of the NTSC standard color gamut area. Lead halide perovskite quantum dots are considered to be one of the best candidates for the next generation of light conversion materials. However, their practical application is greatly hindered by its intrinsic poor stability and once exposed to air, heat moisture and illumination. Here, we report a novel reaction scheme that allows the simultaneous production of high-quality CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals (NCs), self-healing process that optimized the crystallinity of CsPbBr 3 NCs, and the formation of a protective coating layered structure of a densely packed two-dimensional B 2 O 3 crystals with the assistance of water. Due to the inherent refractive index mismatch in the B 2 O 3 -CsPbBr 3 -B 2 O 3 (B-C-B) laminated structure, excellent light extraction efficiency was achieved. The resulted layered B 2 O 3 /CsPbBr 3 perovskite composite showed exceptionally high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY ∼90%) and excellent stability over 2 years under normal storage condition. A high-performance backlight liquid crystal display (LCD) was designed as B 2 O 3 /CsPbBr 3 @ K 2 SiF 6 : Mn4+ (KSF: Mn4+) @ polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) monolithic film, which featured an optimal white emission (with correlated color temperature of 5327 K), that covered 130% of NTSC standard color gamut area of CIE1931, thereby demonstrating a great application potential in the optoelectronics industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM)/graphene oxide (GO) mixed system gives temperature-responsive phase separation. • The phase separation produces a gel phase and a water phase. • Metal ions can be adsorbed on GO surface and then transferred into the gel phase. • The phase separation can achieve efficient removal of metal ions from polluted water in an extraction-like process. A temperature-responsive phase separation system based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) and graphene oxide (GO) has been developed for efficient removal of metal ions from polluted water. PNIPAM undergoes a coil-to-globule conformational transition upon temperature increase to above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which can induce phase separation of the system into a condensed gel phase and a water phase. In this process all GO sheets can be transferred to the gel phase by having strong interactions with PNIPAM molecules via hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding. Moreover, by having abundant carboxyl, hydroxyl, and epoxy groups to chelate with heavy metal ions, GO sheets can adsorb metal ions efficiently and enrich them into the gel phase. The gel phase can then be separated from the water phase in an extraction-like process, achieving easy removal of the pollutant metal ions from water. This method takes advantages of PNIPAM's temperature responsive phase transition and GO's high adsorption capacity, enabling high versatility, easy treatment and separation, and good reusability in treatment of metal ion pollutions, being highly potential for practical industry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tunable stress visualization is obtained by ratio mechanoluminescence of Tb3+. • Ratio mechanoluminescence of Tb3+ is concentration dependant. • Traps dominating mechanoluminescence in Lu 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 :Tb3+ are confirmed. When a material is stimulated by external stress, the mechanical energy may be converted into light energy calling mechanoluminescent (ML). The unique excitation method makes it promising for a wide range of applications in the field of stress sensing. However, traditional stress sensing methods based on absolute ML intensity have limitations in unpredictable and complex measurement environment. To address this topic, a ratiometric ML intensity-based stress sensing method has been proposed, which significantly improves the reliability and stability of sensing results. In this paper, a single Tb3+ ion-doped garnet ML compound is designed. The variation of defect concentration in the material was induced by changing the dopant concentration and the local crystal field intensity. Ratiometric ML stress sensing was achieved through external mechanical stimuli, which causes a change in local positional symmetry. The linear relationship between the luminescence intensity asymmetry ratio and stress was investigated, and the excellent stability and reliability of the ML material were demonstrated under multiple stress cycles. The single-activator ratiometric ML intensity strategy presented in this study provides a new approach for improving stress sensing accuracy, which represents an essential step for the application of ML materials in stress sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Dual-wavelength synergy can significantly accelerate iopamidol degradation during UV-LED and UV-LED/chlorine processes. • Dual-wavelength irradiation can promote the photolysis of chlorine. • Maximum k obs for iopamidol degradation occurred at pH 7.0 during UV-LED/chlorine process. • HO· and RCSs are the major radical species for iopamidol degradation during UV-LED/chlorine process. • I-THM formation decreased in Milli-Q water while increased in real water with increasing irradiation time. Abstract This study revealed the iopamidol degradation performance and the synergistic effect of dual-wavelength ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). It was found that the dual-wavelength irradiation (265 and 280 nm) can promote iopamidol degradation during both UV-LED alone and UV-LED/chlorine processes (p < 0.05). The effects of key experimental parameters including pH, chlorine dosage and water matrix during UV-LED/chlorine process were evaluated. Peak degradation rate was observed at pH 7.0 due to the combined effects of the quantum yield of aquatic chlorine photolysis (Φ chlorine) and absorptivity of chlorine. The destruction pathways of iopamidol in the UV-LED/chlorine process were proposed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-mass spectrometry. Additionally, an opposite trend of iodinated trihalomethane (I-THM) formation during subsequent chlorination between Milli-Q and real waters with prolonging irradiation time was observed, while other detected disinfection by-product (DBP) formation showed the same variation in Milli-Q and real waters. The UV-LED/chlorine treatment using dual-wavelength can enhance iopamidol degradation significantly, but it also promoted I-THM formation in real water, indicating the need for evaluating DBPs before the application of UV-LED/chlorine process in drinking water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The passivation ability by thermodynamic calculations: Mo > La > P > Cr > Mn > Sb ≈ Br ≈ Ce ≈ B. • La and P were found to exert most effective effects on Ni passivation. • La can chemically bond with NiO to passivate it over alumina. • P is preferentially coated on the Ni-bearing particles to partially passivate Ni. Motivated by the dehydrogenation activity of nickel (Ni) and the toxicity of free nickel oxide (NiO) in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, this study aims to reveal the appropriate elements to in-situ passivate nickel during the cracking reactions of oil by conducting hydrocarbon dehydrogenation tests of Y-zeolite loaded with Ni and passivating elements in a Pyro-probe micro-reactor coupled with GC-TCD and MS. The conditions were chosen as 550 °C with a catalyst-to-hydrocarbon mass ratio of 5:1. Additionally, hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) was conducted. In supporting the experimental observation, thermodynamic calculations were also performed to assist the selection of possible Ni-passivating elements in terms of the free Gibbs energy for their reactions with NiO. Lanthanum (La) and phosphorus (P) were found to exert the most effective effects on nickel passivation. The use of twice the quantity of La or P more than Ni, or the combined use of La and P each in equimolar ratio to Ni is able to decrease the dehydrogenation extent by 97%. La can passivate the free NiO species by chemically bonding with NiO which, otherwise, would bond with alumina in zeolite. Instead, P is preferentially coated on the Ni-bearing particles, which leads to the formation of phosphate that is inactive in the dehydrogenation of the model organic compounds when compared to the free NiO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodoform (CHI 3 ) is an emerging disinfection by-product (DBP) that may be formed during pre-oxidation or disinfection processes in drinking water treatment. Degradation kinetics, modeling and mechanism of CHI 3 by combined UV/chlorine advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were studied in this manuscript. CHI 3 was effectively removed by UV/chlorine process with the reactions followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The contributions of direct UV photolysis as well as indirect photolysis (hydroxyl radicals ( OH ) to CHI 3 degradation during UV/chlorination under different experimental factors were investigated and determined as 20.3% and 79.7% at pH 5 to 97.1% and 2.9% at pH 9, respectively. Chlorine dosage and CHI 3 concentration had slight effects on the contributions of different degradation pathways. NOM and bicarbonate have negative effects on CHI 3 degradation. The degradation model of CHI 3 during UV/chlorine processes was established, and the satisfactory match of the model calculation results and the experimental data were found. The reaction rate constant between CHI 3 and UV light as well as CHI 3 and OH were determined as 3.43 × 10 −3 s −1 and 7.7 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 , respectively. On the basis of the iodine species (such as IO 3 − , HOI, I 2 and I 3 − ) mass balance analysis, the degradation pathways of CHI 3 were proposed and IO 3 − contributed 13.7% of the total liberated iodine species during UV/chlorination. These results demonstrated that UV/chlorination process is a promising AOP technology for the treatment of water containing CHI 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• F-dopants are introduced into NiCo 2 O 4 with the formation of oxygen vacancies. • F doping and oxygen vacancies in NiCo 2 O 4 synergistically enhanced the intrinsic HMFOR activity. • F-doped NiCo 2 O 4 displays an excellent FDCA selectivity of 97% and Faradaic efficiency of 96.5%. • Anionic defects facilitate surface adsorption of HMF. Biomass electrooxidation reaction (BEOR) attracts worldwide attention due to its sustainable and carbon–neutral nature. The practical application of BEOR is, nevertheless, limited by the lack of electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity. In this study, we demonstrate anionic defect engineering as an effective strategy to activate spinel NiCo 2 O 4 to achieve outstanding performance towards 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation reaction (HMFOR). F-dopants are successfully introduced into NiCo 2 O 4 , which spontaneously trigger oxygen vacancies formation in the lattice during synthesis. These anionic defects in NiCo 2 O 4 result in the expansion of crystal structure, the increase of electron density and the weakened metal-O bond. The F-doped NiCo 2 O 4 displays a 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) selectivity of 97% and Faradaic efficiency of 96.5%, which are noticeably higher than the pristine NiCo 2 O 4. The strongly enhanced intrinsic activity is mainly attributed to the defect-facilitated adsorption of HMF. Our results provide critical insight into the role of anionic defects in determining the HMFOR activity, and the strategy can be applied for synthesizing high-performance electrocatalyst for other BEOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LiNiO 2 is investigated with a suitable oxygen partial pressure (p O 2) at calcination. • The calcination p O 2 only affects the surface of LiNiO 2 rather than the bulk. • Increasing p O 2 decreases the off-stoichiometry of LiNiO 2. • The LiNiO 2 calcined at the highest p O 2 has the 1st capacity of 239.8 mAh g−1 (93.4%). The electric vehicle (EV) market has grown tremendously in recent years, and is driving the development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for energy storage. To meet the demand for high-energy–density and low-cost LIBs, Co-free and Ni-rich cathodes (e.g., LiNiO 2 ; LNO) and Si anodes are being investigated. However, drawbacks of LNO, such as cation mixing, processing challenges, and safety risks significantly limit its commercialization. Increasing the oxygen partial pressure (p O 2) during calcination of LNO has been shown to maintain its structural order and electrochemical performance. However, the mechanism by this observation is not well understood. In this research, three p O 2 conditions were applied during the calcination of LNO cathodes. The calcination p O 2 affects the sub-surface of LNO rather than the bulk region. Synchrotron spectroscopy and in-situ pressure analysis confirmed that Ni2+ and excess Li are present on the sub-surface of the LNO processed at the lowest p O 2. Increasing the p O 2 decreases the off-stoichiometry of LNO by providing additional oxygen to compensate for oxygen loss, especially at the sub-surface. A detailed mechanism by which the calcination p O 2 affects LNO is proposed. An LIB with the LNO cathode calcined at the highest p O 2 had a high initial capacity of 239.8 mA h g−1 (93.4 %), excellent fast charging cycle retention of half-cell and full cell at 55 °C, little gas evolution during cycling, and almost no weight change during storage in air. This calcining strategy prevents the cation mixing limitation of LNO, taking it one step closer to future EV application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermosensitive hydrogel prepared from TPGS for the first time. • Locoregional therapy of cancer using hydrophobic drug loaded hydrogel. • Therapeutic TPGS hydrogel and synergistic effect between drug and the hydrogel carrier. D-ɑ-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol)1000 succinate (TPGS) has been extensively applied in drug delivery systems for its amphiphilic property and inherent bioactivity. But TPGS has not always been utilized solely for the unstability of TPGS micelle. Inspired by the hydrogels made from other amphiphilic molecules, thermosensitive TPGS hydrogels were firstly discovered and developed in the presence of specific anions, which self-assembled from the aggregation of TPGS micelles stimulated by heating and salting-out effect. Subsequently, hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX) loaded TPGS micelles were likewise prepared and converted into DOX loaded hydrogel with the help of β-Glycerol phosphate disodium (β-GP). It was found that the amount of TPGS and β-GP in the solution considerably affected the gelation time and critical temperature. One of the formulations containing 4 wt% TPGS and 15 wt% β-GP was selected due to its appropriate gelation time and temperature for subcutaneously injection. Pristine and drug-loaded TPGS hydrogels were explored for their potential values in clinic applications. Derived from the bioactivity of TPGS, the pristine TPGS hydrogel exhibited a certain tumor inhibiting efficiency comparable to the DOX-containing formulations. And the efficiency of DOX-loaded TPGS hydrogels were dosage-dependent and superior to systemically administrated free DOX, which demonstrated a synergistic effect between DOX and TPGS hydrogel. In short, this study developed a multifunctional injectable hydrogel and provided a new synergetic strategy for tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CoTe 2 -ZnTe confined on MOF-derived skeleton (CoZn-Te/NC) shows abundant interfaces. • High conductivity and fast transfer kinetics are achieved in CoZn-Te/NC composites. • The conversion and alloy reaction coexist in CoZn-Te/NC composites. • The effects of heterostructure and N -doping boost the sodium storage performance. Two-phase or multiphase engineering is contributed to realizing rapid electron/ion transfer kinetics for transition metal tellurides in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the large volume variation and fundamental storage mechanism of these materials remain unsolved. Herein, petal-like N -doped carbon-confined CoTe 2 -ZnTe heterostructures (CoZn-Te/NC) are fabricated as anodes in SIBs via a facile bimetal-organic framework-derived strategy. Benefiting from the abundant phase interfaces and dual-defective sites, CoZn-Te/NC composites have fast electrons/ions diffusion and superior pseudocapacitive property. Particularly, introducing a petal-like nitrogen-doped carbon inhibits the particle agglomeration and alleviates volume expansion, thus improving structural stability during cycling. The CoZn-Te/NC exhibits a superior rate capacity of 106 mAh/g at 10 A g−1 and a high reversible capacity of 150 mAh/g at 1.0 A g−1 over 600 long-term cycles. The unique conversion and alloying/de-alloying reaction mechanisms of CoZn-Te/NC are revealed by the in-situ and ex-situ techniques. This work gives promising insights for designing high-performance electrode materials by phase interface, doping, and confining strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of several factors on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and halonitromethanes (HNMs) during UV-chlor(am)ination of the water collected after filtration unit in a drinking water treatment plant. In general, THM formation was higher during UV-chlorination while HAN and HNM formation were higher during UV-chloramination. Higher Medium pressure (MP) UV dose resulted in more DBP formation. The value of pH affected DBP formation differently. THMs decreased with increasing pH during UV-chlorination but remained stable during UV-chloramination. HNMs increased as pH increased from 5 to 7 but decreased as pH further increased to 9 during UV-chlorination. On the other hand, HNM formation decreased with increasing pH during UV-chloramination. However, pH had little impact on HAN formation. The nitrate concentration had negligible impact on the formation of THM, HAN and HNM during both UV-chlor(am)ination. Increasing bromide concentration improved THM and HAN formation, decreased HNM formation, and shifted DBPs to more brominated species in the three categories. MP UV irradiation enhanced the formation of DBPs compared to low pressure UV during both UV-chlor(am)ination, especially for nitrogenated DBPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel one-dimensional CoMnO x /N-CNT composite was synthesized by binding Mn-Co nanoparticles on nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNT) through solvothermal method and followed by high temperature pyrolysis. The as-made Mn-Co/N-CNT as LIBs anode material exhibits excellent rechargeable capability, i.e. 1028 mAh·g −1 at 200 mA·g −1 . Doped nitrogen on CNT effectively increase the conductivity of the complex and the binding energy between Mn-Co nanoparticles and CNT, which lead to more stable and higher conductive complex during charge/discharge cycling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure the safety of drinking water with enough residual chlorine, a part of residual chlorine named “ineffective chlorine” was uniquely identified and quantified by NaAsO 2 selective quenching method. NaAsO 2 showed a weak reducibility and was easier to be controlled compared to other common quenchers including NaHSO 3 , ascorbic acid, Na 2 SO 3 and Na 2 S 2 O 3 . Due to the different oxidizing abilities among the species in total residual chlorine, NaAsO 2 can selectively and completely quench the strong oxidizing residual chlorine parts (free chlorine, NH 2 Cl, NHCl 2 and some organic chloramines) but leave the weak or no oxidizing parts for the quantification as ineffective chlorine. During the chlorination of Suwannee River humic acid, ineffective chlorine formation increased from <0.02 to 0.08 mg/L (as Cl 2 ) as the dissolved organic carbon of humic acid increased from 0 to 15 mg-C/L. Finished water samples from three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and one tap water sample were collected to examine the presence of ineffective chlorine. The quantified ineffective chlorine ranged from 3.3% to 27.8% of the total residual chlorine. Formation of ineffective chlorine was positively correlated with the dissolved organic nitrogen concentration in drinking water. As the reaction time increased from 4 to 48 h, the ineffective chlorine in the finished water from DWTP1 (water source: Yangtze River) was fairly stable at 0.15 mg/L as Cl 2 , and its proportion in total residual chlorine increased from 27.8% to 78.9%. The ineffective chlorine was verified to be much weaker than free chlorine, NH 2 Cl and NHCl 2 in Escherichia coli inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The genotoxicity of TiO 2 NPs was confirmed at the single-cell level. • CINP, RPA3, and PRKACA served as biomarkers of TiO2 NPs exposure. • 5 nm and 14 nm TiO 2 NPs caused a response similar to antivirus defense. • Unique gene expression patterns were found within the same exposure of TiO2 NPs. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) have attracted substantial attention in various applications, including environmental remediation and nanomedicine. A detailed understanding of the toxicity of TiO 2 NPs and the underlying mechanisms is fundamental to further development of their environmental and biomedical applications. Herein, we determined the changes in the transcriptional profile of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) after a set of different sized TiO 2 NPs exposure using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). By taking advantage of sensitivity of scRNA-seq, we found that TiO 2 NPs exposure led to profound changes in gene expression and DNA damage signaling played a pivotal role in cellular responses to TiO 2 NPs exposure. Smaller TiO 2 NPs (5, 14 nm) led to a response similar to antivirus defense, and bigger TiO 2 NPs (54, 135, and 228 nm) induced proliferation and differentiation changes in transcriptional levels. Validation experiments on representative genes showed that some genes might be served as biomarkers of TiO 2 NPs exposure. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo analyses showed remarkable over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but did not affect osteogenic differentiation potential in BMSCs. The results unveiled landscape changes in transcriptomes in BMSCs induced by TiO 2 NPs, which provides new insights into toxicity assessments of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) from iodide and iopamidol, two major iodine sources to form iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) during monochloramination, was compared in the presence of different organic precursors including algae organic matter (AOM), Suwannee River humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and 2 raw waters. Effect of bromide, reaction time and pH on I-THM formation was also studied. The results showed that in the presence of HA and FA, monochloramination of iodide exhibited much higher I-THM formation than that of iopamidol, while in the presence of AOM, monochloramination of iopamidol formed more I-THMs than that of iodide. The presence of bromide increased I-THM formation from iodide with iodoform as the dominant species, while bromine-containing I-THM species increased significantly from iopamidol with bromochloroiodomethane as the predominant species. The reaction between monochloramine and iopamidol is relatively slow and long-lasting compared to that between monochloramine and iodide. I-THM formation from iodide in the presence of HA was maximum at pH 7 but significantly inhibited at pH higher than 7.5 from iopamidol in the presence of AOM. The correlation between the ratio of I-THMs to dissolved organic carbon concentration and the specific ultraviolet absorbance value of raw waters was positive for iodide but negative for iopamidol during monochloramination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O flowerlike architectures are synthesized by a hydrothermal process. [•] NiO flowerlike architectures are obtained by annealing Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O precursors. [•] NiO flowerlike architectures are constructured with ultrathin nanoflakes. [•] NiO flowerlike architectures show excellent adsorbent ability to Malachite green. [•] The adsorption capacity depends on structures of adsorbent and dye molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile approach to construct lignin-derived-carbon and trimetallic layered double hydroxides composites (LDH@LDC). • Defects are introduced into LDH@LDC by H 2 plasma treatment. • Defective LDH@LDC exhibits outstanding U(VI)/Cr(VI) removal capacity. • The U(VI)/Cr(VI) removal process is dominated by ion exchange reaction. Utilizing different absorbents to remove heavy metals from aquatic environment has been extensively investigated because of its simple operation, good reusability, and low cost. The removal efficiency of these adsorbents, nevertheless, need to be further enhanced to meet the practical requirement. In this study, we demonstrate defect engineering as an effective approach to enhance the performance of biochar-based composites for U(VI) and Cr(VI) removal. Lignin derived carbon and Ca/Fe/Al-trimetallic layered double hydroxide composites (LDH@LDC) is prepared by hydrothermal method. Defects are introduced into the LDH layer by H 2 plasma treatment. The obtained defective LDH@LDC exhibits outstanding removal efficiency for U(VI) (267.65 mg/g at pH = 5.0, T = 308.15 K, C Initial = 30 mg/L), which is much higher than LDH@LDC as-prep (190.47 mg/g at pH = 5.0, T = 308.15 K, C Initial = 30 mg/L). Similar defect-induced enhancement is observed for the removal of Cr(VI). The thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the removal process, as well as the surface analyze suggest that the removal mechanism of U(VI) and Cr(VI) by the as-prepared and plasma-treated LDH@LDC were both dominated by ion exchange. The plasma treatment introduces defects into the LDH layer, which effectively promote the ion exchange between the LDH layer and the heavy metal in the aquatic environment, leading to strongly enhanced removal performance. This study clarifies the critical role of defects in heavy metal removal process and provides a new pathway of designing high performance absorbents for water remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The formation of Co-N bond in hybrid catalyst can effectively enhance interfacial charge transfer. • Enhanced oxygen catalytic activity using NCNTs/Ni offers excellent electrical conductivity. • The CoS x /NCNTs/Ni exhibits outstanding ORR/OER performance and realizes the potential for application on zinc-air batteries. The slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain the primary problem impeding the commercialization of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, we demonstrate a hybrid composite consisting of multivalent CoS x nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes catalytically active-nickel (NCNTs/Ni) as an advanced ORR/OER electrocatalyst with excellent electrocatalytic activity. The Co-N bonds in the hybrid catalyst effectively enhance interfacial charge transfer, resulting in synergetic effects for enhanced oxygen electrochemistry. The optimized hybrid, CoS x /NCNTs/Ni-2, affords excellent performance in an alkaline ZAB, achieving a high-power density of 131 mW cm−2, and the voltage gap remained at only 0.87 V after 200 h of continuous charge–discharge at 5 mA cm−2. This study provides a facile strategy for the construction of bifunctional hybrids with non-precious metals for potential application in ZABs and other sustainable energy conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Oxaliplatin precursor (oxa-pre) up-regulated CD47 expression in colon cancer. • HCLO NPs restrained the up-regulation effect of oxa-pre on CD47. • HCLO NPs induced potent antitumor immunity. • HCLO NPs achieved targeted co-delivery of oxa-pre and CpG. Chemo-immunotherapy has the superiority of remedying malignant and metastatic tumors, and acquiring better therapeutic effect as well as prognosis than monotherapy. Herein, we report a kind of pH-responsive core-shell nanoparticles to achieve the co-delivery of oxaliplatin intermediate (oxa im) (HCLO NPs) and cytosine-guanine containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) for cancer treatment. The nanoparticles comprise the core of lipid-coated calcium carbonate and the outer layer of hyaluronic acid (HA), providing itself with pH-sensitivity and great biocompatibility. When intratumorally injected, oxa im induces in situ antigen production through immunogenic cell death (ICD) while CpG enhances antigen presentation and facilitates the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In vitro , the HCLO NPs enhanced the toxicity of oxa im to CT26 cells and up-regulated the expression of calreticulin (CRT, "eat me" signal). What's more, oxaliplatin precursor (oxa pre) directly upregulated CD47 ("don't eat me" signal) expression in CT26 cells, while being encapsulated into NPs attenuated this upregulation. In vivo , HCLO NPs elicited prominent anti-tumor immunity and abscopal effect, meanwhile significantly increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NaP1 zeolite was first manufactured from red mud. • SrFe 12 O 19 initially was used as magnetic matrix of zeolite. • A novel material SrFe 12 O 19 @NaP1 was successfully synthesized. • SrFe 12 O 19 @NaP1 used as wastewater adsorbent to treat methylene blue. Red mud (RM), a byproduct of the alumina industry, poses serious environmental issues owing to its strong alkalinity and high salinity. A novel process for the synthesis of magnetic SrFe 12 O 19 @NaP1 (SFO@NaP1) zeolite using RM industrial waste was proposed. The optimum conditions for RM pretreatment, which consisted of acid leaching (time, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and HCl concentration) and alkali fusion (time, temperature, and acid-leached RM/NaOH mass ratio), were systematically analyzed. SFO@NaP1 zeolite was synthesized from RM for the first time without using additional aluminum and silicon sources, and SFO was initially applied to the magnetic matrix of zeolite. The methylene blue (MB) adsorption parameters revealed that the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of 2.5 wt% SFO@NaP1 were 95.4% and 47.9 mg/g, respectively, under the following adsorption conditions: adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, initial pH of 7, dye concentration of 50 mg/g, and reaction temperature of 25 °C. Furthermore, the adsorption of MB on SFO@NaP1 was an exothermic process that followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. After three adsorption cycles under an external magnetic field, the adsorption capacity of SFO@NaP1 for MB still reached 33.2 mg/g, which suggested that SFO@NaP1 is a green, low-cost, and eco-friendly adsorbent with excellent adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Defective MoS 2 enhanced PCA removal of Fe3+/PS system compared with pristine MoS 2. • S defects in MoS 2 facilitated the cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+ to enhance PCA degradation. • S defects in MoS 2 increased the electron density around Mo. • S defects in MoS 2 enhanced the adsorption of Fe3+. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on persulfate (PS) has attracted great attention because of its outstanding performance for decomposing chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater. While Fe-based materials can effectively activate PS and are environment-friendly, the low stability of Fe2+ and little activation capability of Fe3+ limit the broad applications of Fe2+ (or Fe3+) activated PS system in practical applications. In this work, taking molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) as the co-catalyst in Fe3+/PS system, we report a strongly enhanced persulfate activation efficiency of Fe3+/PS system by engineering S defects in MoS 2. The combination of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrate that S defects in MoS 2 modify the surface charge distribution, leading to the formation of an electron deficient center near S defect and increasing the electron density near Mo site. As a result, more Fe3+ in Fe3+/PS system is reduced into Fe2+ by MoS 2 with S defects, resulting in more reactive oxygen species generated. Furthermore, S defects promote the adsorption of Fe3+ on the MoS 2 surface, which further enhance the activating performance for PS through promoting to form cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+. This work provides a new strategy for improving co-catalytic properties of MoS 2 and expands the application of Fe3+/PS system for contaminants remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the fabrication of BHPB loaded free-standing multilayered film via alternately depositing HA and PLL-BHPB complex and explore the underlying mechanism for its enhancing wound repair process. Of note, pre-assemble PLL with BHPB amplify PLL/HA film growth via accelerating the diffusion coefficient of PLL inside the film. [Display omitted] • LBL exponential growth is amplified by precursor assembly with charge-switchable BHPB. • BHPB neutralizes excess ROS and activates intracellular ROS scavenging mechanism. • BHPB incorporated PEM can stimulate Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis to combat oxidative stress. The local oxidizing microenvironment and bacterial infection, as crucial internal and external factors that hinder the healing of diabetic wounds, are two main issues to be addressed in the design of novel wound dressing materials. As an attempt to provide optimal solution to the aforementioned problems, free-standing (FS) polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs) loaded with bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole] (BHPB) were constructed by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method. The exponential growth of LBL deposition as well as the film degradation were extensively studied, our results revealed that by pre-assembling polycation with the pH-sensitive BHPB molecule, the polycation diffusivity was largely accelerated thus greatly amplified LBL film growth, ensuring the facile detachment of the PEMs from the substrates to achieve FS films. The increase in BHPB content leaded to faster film growth and slower film degradation and more sustainable BHPB release. In terms of multifunctionality, which was ideal for the design of wound dressing material, the obtained FS films exhibited effective antimicrobial and antioxidant properties thanks to the addition of bioactive BHPB. Notably, unlike traditional antioxidant materials that only neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), the BHPB-loaded films stimulated the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which is a vital intercellular ROS scavenging system blocked by hyperglycemia. Moreover, the wound treated by BHPB-incorporated PEMs exhibited faster healing with increased collagen deposition, enhanced angiogenesis, and rapid re-epithelialization in rat diabetic cutaneous defect models. Overall, in the perspective of cost-effectiveness and simple fabrication, the composite BHPB incorporated FS films reported in the current study showed rather promising potential in the application of diabetic wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The PP-based composite showed high activity and good reusability for 4-NP reduction. • The preparation process is pretty suitable for large-scale fabrication. • The synergistic effect was proved to be existing between Ag and Cu nanoparticles. Herein, a convenient and environment-friendly grafting and reduction strategy was used to anchor bimetallic Ag-Cu nanoparticles on polypropylene (PP) fabrics. The as-prepared samples were characterized by various techniques including FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, XPS and FT-IR. The as-prepared sample exhibits excellent activity on the catalytic reduction of highly concentrated 4-NP, and the synergistic effect between Ag and Cu nanoparticles was proved. The entire catalytic reduction was generally considered to obey pseudo-order kinetics, affording high conversion even after 15 successive recycles. These results showed that the PP based composite with Ag-Cu nanoparticles effectively provided superb catalytic efficiency and stability in 4-nitrophenol reduction, and the PP based composites were suitable in practical applications for the treatment of diverse waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nickel-doped α-MnO 2 was prepared via a novel ethylene glycol reduction strategy. • Ni-MnO 2 showed excellent low-temperature performance for toluene combustion. • Synergistic effect of Mn and Ni was related to the enhanced catalytic properties. • Ni doping significantly improved the toluene adsorption on the α-MnO 2 catalyst. A series of metal-doped α-MnO 2 catalysts (M-MnO 2 , M = Ni, Cu, Co) were synthesized via a novel ethylene glycol (EG) reduction strategy for the first time, based on initial reduction of KMnO 4 with EG and subsequent heteroatom doping at room temperature, and used for catalytic toluene combustion. The obtained catalysts have been full characterized by XRD, XRF, N 2 adsorption, SEM, TEM, XPS, H 2 -TPR, O 2 -TPD, and C 7 H 8 -TPSR. It was found that the catalytic properties of α-MnO 2 can be significantly improved by nickel doping, a remarkable low-temperature performance (T 90 = 199 °C) has been achieved over Ni-MnO 2 catalyst, which is among the best reported values. Meanwhile, Ni-MnO 2 has also exhibited high catalytic stability with strong water tolerance (5 vol%) in the oxidation of toluene. Herein, the relationship between catalyst structure and catalytic activity has been elucidated. The outstanding catalytic properties can be related to the synergistic effect between Mn and doped Ni species for the adsorption and activation of toluene. Significantly, the substitutional doping of Ni2+ into octahedra MnO 6 frameworks could not only improve the redox properties, lattice oxygen mobility and the formation of more active lattice oxygen, but also promote the toluene adsorption. Additionally, a potential catalytic reaction process base on the Mars and van Krevelen mechanism was also proposed. Hence, this work paves a new way for the design and synthesis of high efficient catalysts for the elimination of volatile organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cisplatin treatment caused ROS elevation and thereby HIF-1 expression. • HIF-1-regulated pathways were responsible for acquired cisplatin resistance. • Reducing ROS level to prevent HIF-1 activation could combat drug-resistance. • Nano-Se was demonstrated to scavenge ROS and thereby reverse drug-resistance. • Cisplatin-doped Nano-Se was prepared in a facile one-pot synthesis method. The clinical efficacy of cisplatin (DDP) treatment is largely limited by cisplatin resistance, which is related to the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). The HIF-1 activation can be induced by low oxygen availability as well as chemotherapeutics in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent manner. Here, instead of the traditional ROS elevation strategy, we designed a chitosan-coated selenium/DDP (CSP) nanoparticle to deplete ROS for circumventing acquired cisplatin resistance. The antioxidative selenium nanoparticles were demonstrated to eliminate cisplatin-induced ROS, and further prevent HIF-1 activation accompanied with cisplatin treatment. A series of cisplatin resistance-associated proteins including glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) expression were downregulated in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. And in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that CSP nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antitumor efficacy to cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP lung cancer cell lines and xenografts. These results proved that the side effects of treatment-induced ROS in HIF-1 activation and cisplatin-resistance could be significantly reversed by a selenium nanovehicle, which may possess broader applications in ROS-mediated resistance or other ROS-involved diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]