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Graphical abstract Highlights • Aqueous ceramic particle-stabilized foams with UV light response are prepared. • Photocurable particle-stabilized emulsions with controllable structure are achieved. • The colloid foams/emulsions demonstrate excellent stability and photocuring ability. • Rapid and scalable synthesis of ceramic capsules is developed based on the emulsions. Abstract We herein report the design and preparation of ceramic particle-stabilized emulsions/foams with distinct ultraviolet light (UV) response, which can be used for the rapid fabrication of ceramic foams with complex shape, for synthesis of ceramic hollow spheres, and can potentially be used for 3D printing lightweight and hierarchical ceramics with porous skeleton. Photocurable foams/emulsions stabilized by ceramic particles are achieved for the first time using photosensitive oligomer as oil phase and/or using photosensitive aqueous solution containing acrylamide monomer as water phase. Four kinds of photocurable emulsions are demonstrated by adjusting emulsion structure and photosensitive phase. We further synthesize internal multiple-pore structured capsules and lightweight nanoparticle-assembled capsules in micron-scale based on the photocurable particle-stabilized, by separating emulsion into small droplets via diluting and stirring, followed by rapid curing under UV. This new strategy may potentially open opportunities for the rapid and cost-effective synthesis of high-output ceramic capsule materials. The synthesized thin-shell alumina capsules exhibit large specific area surface of 323.18 m2/g as well as uniform mesoporous structure in shell with average pore diameter of 3.4 nm, which has potential application in the fields of adsorption, load and release of materials and thermal insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]