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• 1 wt% Ru loaded on N-doping carbon spheres catalysts (Ru/N-CS-850) were prepared. • N-doping carbon effectively improves the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles (Ru NPs). • The quaternary N plays the conclusive role for high dispersion of Ru NPs. • Ru/N-CS-850 has the highest absolute content of quaternary N and dispersity of Ru NPs. • Ru/N-CS-850 shows excellent yield for producing γ-valerolactone in water medium. Ru/carbon catalyst has been considered as a very active catalyst in aqueous-phase hydrogenation of bio-resourced carbonyl compounds. High dispersion of Ru NPs on a carbon support could enhance catalytic performance. In this work, well dispersed Ru nanoparticles on the surface of carbon spheres have been developed by the introduction of nitrogen-doping. Compared with carbon spheres without N-doping, the incorporation of the N-dopant with in the carbon matrix effectively improved the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO chemisorption characterizations, finding that the presence of quaternary N was responsible for the high dispersion of Ru nanoparticles. Through adjusting the carbonization temperature from 400 to 850 °C, we have shown that the absolute content of quaternary N can be modulated from 3.2 to 22.4 mg g−1. As a result, the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles was improved from 29.8% to 70.9%. The Ru/N-CS-850 catalyst revealed excellent catalytic performance (9858 h−1 turnover frequency) for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, also demonstrated very high catalytic activity for other hydrogenation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MoS 2 /Cu NWs are successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted self-assembly. • The stability of 1T MoS 2 is enhanced by in-situ Cu doping. • MoS 2 /Cu NWs anode exhibits improved rate capability and prolonged cycling life. 1T MoS 2 has recently attracted growing interests for energy storage due to the excellent conductivity, expanded layer space and extra exposed active sites. However, its application is still limited due to the complicated synthesis under harsh condition and poor structural stability. Herein, we report a novel MoS 2 /Cu nanowires (NWs) by microwave-assisted self-assembly of ultrathin 1T MoS 2 onto Cu NWs with interconnected conductive network and robust one-dimensional (1D) structure. As anode material for LIBs, 1T MoS 2 /Cu NWs exhibits high capacity and stability owning to the enhanced electron transport and lithium ions intercalation. Meanwhile, the enriched nanovoids supply extended space for buffering the volume change and boosting electrolyte penetration during cycling process. Moreover, Cu doped MoS 2 could also stabilize the 1T phase, leading to the excellent anode durability. It delivers a high reversible capacity of 570.6 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Enhanced rate performance is also achieved with excellent capacity retention of 914.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 465.2 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A in-situ growth of CNTs strategy is used to trigger perovskite electrocatalysts. • The optimal perovskite exhibits a remarkably enhanced catalytic performance on HER. • The interaction between CNTs and perovskite modifies the electrochemical activity. The naturally scarce and costly precious metal as catalysts for electrochemical water electrolysis have prevent the large-scale applications in the transition of this technology. Therefore, it is emergency to explore for much cheaper and superior active scalable materials in making this technology to be more promising. The perovskite oxides, with rich constitutions and structures, can be easily to tune of the electrocatalytic applications by tailoring compositions. Herein, a highly efficient catalyst composed of nitrogen-doped carbon coated multi-metals core decorated Ruddlesden-Popper type structure (Pr 0.4 Sr 0.6) 3 (Fe 0.85 Nb 0.15) 2 O 7 (NC-CF-PSFN) compounds is synthesized via a in situ growth of carbon nanotubes treatment that trigger their catalytic activities. The optimal electrocatalyst exhibits a significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by affording an overpotential of 124 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, an onset potential of –12 mV vs. RHE, accompanied by an outstanding durability in acidic media, outperforming that of perovskite-based catalysts. The optimized internal/external interaction between the complex carbon and perovskite phases would contribute to modify its electrochemical performance. This protocol highlights a novel strategy to prepare excellent perovskite materials for applications in energy generation and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Disilicate-assisted iron/aluminium electrolysis (D-FeAl-E) was proposed for p -ASA treatment. • Fe anode electrolysis stage of D-FeAl-E offered oxidative effect for p -ASA degradation. • Al anode electrolysis stage of D-FeAl-E offered coagulation effect for As immobilization. • Electrogenerated Al(III) species caused the dissociation of Fe(III)-disilicate complexes. • D-FeAl-E process showed stronger As immobilization effect but produced less sludge. Abstract p -Arsanilic acid (p -ASA) is widely used as feed additives in animal production, and its transformation in environment media may cause arsenic contamination of soils and waters. It is essential to find a technology to effectively treat p -ASA, and meanwhile greatly decrease the mobility of the arsenic. Herein, we propose a disilicate-assisted Fe/Al electrolysis (D-FeAl-E) process for the degradation of p -ASA and the subsequent immobilization of inorganic arsenic. The results showed that, in the first stage of D-FeAl-E, namely the iron anode electrolysis process with disilicate, p -ASA was degraded by 92% under a near-neutral condition. The efficient degradation of p -ASA could be attributed to the disilicate-coordinated electrolytic ferrous ions, which activated dioxygen to produce more reactive oxygen species (e.g., O 2 −, H 2 O 2 and OH in this study) to attack p -ASA molecules. Following the first stage, the produced inorganic arsenic and other intermediates can be further removed in the second stage of D-FeAl-E process (the Al anode electrolysis), via the coagulation effect initiated by the electrogenerated hydroxylated aluminum species. Electrogenerated Al(III) ions hydrolyzed into positively charged monomeric/oligomeric Al species, which could result in the dissociation of disilicate-Fe(III) complexes, and the formation of hydroxides and oxo-bridging polynuclear entities for arsenic immobilization. Leaching stability tests suggested that the D-FeAl-E process was superior to the conventional electrocoagulation method with respect to the stability of the generated arsenic-containing solid sludge. The D-FeAl-E process is free of the use of chemical oxidants and coagulants, but it provides both oxidation and coagulation effects for the abatement of p -ASA during the two-stage electrolytic process. Therefore, it is expected to be engineered as efficient and compact electrochemical technology capable of providing both oxidation and coagulation effect for decontamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • An ecofriendly construction of enzyme reactor based on biocompatible 3D porous cryogel composite. • All the operations were carried out under mild reaction conditions. • Efficient immobilization time is less than 1 h. • Immobilized trypsin exhibited wide catalytic temperature (25–65 °C) and pH (6–10) range. • Immobilized trypsin has good reusability and storage stability. Abstract Enzymes are considered as important green catalysts for industrial manufacturing. In this work, a new enzyme reactor is presented for providing a good biocompatible microenvironment to protect the original tertiary structure of enzymes and improve their catalytic performance. The reactor is based on a three-dimensional porous cryogel composite (named as pDM/P/Au), which is a kind of polymer (p) with diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DC) as a crosslinker, embedded with flowerlike metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), rapidly generating a polydopamine film (PD) and a well-proportioned nanogold (Au) interface. The pDM/P/Au cryogel with a high mechanical stability was fabricated by an ecofriendly semi-automation preparation strategy. All operations were carried out under mild reaction conditions in aqueous solution and without repeated drying. Trypsin was chosen as the model enzyme to be immobilized by the nanogold as the intermediate ligand, and the immobilized trypsin exhibited an efficient immobilization time (t = 1 h), wide catalytic temperature (25–65 °C) and pH (6–10) range, good reusability (can be reused eight times) and storage stability (4 weeks, retaining higher than 80% residual activity). The Km and Vmax values were 17.9 mg/mL and 17.2 μg/mL/min for the immobilized trypsin, and 13.9 mg/mL and 16.1 μg/mL/min for free trypsin, respectively. The catalytic performance also demonstrated by protein digestion with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein and the digestion time was 1 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• P. anaerobius specifically delivered MnO 2 and OXA to bacteria-enriched CRC tissue. • PMO produced OH for tumor killing and microbiome regulation. • Microbiome regulation further reconstructed tumor immune microenvironment. The tumor microbiome has been reported to be composed of tumor-type-specific intracellular bacteria and is closely related to tumor progression and the response to anticancer therapies. Although antitumor treatments focusing on the abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME), such as anti-bacterial or TME regulatory approaches, have been shown to significantly improve antitumor efficacy, strategies that can interfere with the microbial environment to inhibit tumor growth and activate immune response are rare. Here, we have constructed an artificially modified biomimetic nanovaccine PMO for the first time using an inactivated anaerobic bacterium P. anaerobius , a colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific bacterium carrying therapeutical agents to regulate the microbial environment. The PMO could sneak into tumors due to its natural affinity to CRC, which has a particularly rich and diverse microbiome that results in therapy resistance. The PMO could not only achieve significant tumor growth suppression by precisely delivering therapeutical MnO 2 and OXA to CRC tissues but also effectively prevent tumor recurrence by the cascade reaction of activating the tumor immune responses after reshaping the microbial environment. This nanovaccine has provided the tremendous clinical potential for designing new treatment strategies for drug-resistant tumors from the perspective of microbial environmental regulation and improving the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Pt-O bond between Pt and TiO 2 enhances interfacial stability of Pt/TiO 2 /Ti. • Optimized interfacial electronic structure promotes an appropriate H adsorption. • The perfect encapsulation of TiO 2 prevents hydrogenation breakage of Ti substrate. • Pt/TiO 2 /Ti performs high and stable HER activity (η 10 = 23 mV, 180 mA cm−2 for 25 h). • Constructed acidic electrolyzer presents efficient water splitting performance. The development of efficient and stable integrated electrodes is crucial for the advancement of electrolyzer. Herein, the ultra-low platinum (12.7 μg Pt cm−2) anchored TiO 2 nano-polyhedrons protective titanium fibers paper (Pt/TiO 2 /Ti) is synthesized as an integrated electrode for gas diffusion, current collector and catalytic hydrogen production. The Pt/TiO 2 /Ti electrode exhibits remarkable activity (23 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and durability (180 mA cm−2 for 25 h) for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic electrolyte, which is attributed to the enhanced interface via Pt-O bond between Pt and TiO 2. Specifically, the optimizing electronic structure of Pt anchoring on the TiO 2 enhances hydrogen adsorption energy to improve the intrinsic activity of HER. In addition, the relatively negative adsorption energy (E ads) of Pt atom on TiO 2 significantly contributes to the structural stability of the Pt/TiO 2 /Ti electrode. Moreover, the complete encapsulation of titanium fibers by TiO 2 layer enhances the structural stability of Pt/TiO 2 /Ti by preventing hydrogenation-induced breakage of the titanium substrate. The constructed electrolyzer of (−) Pt/TiO 2 /Ti || IrO 2 /TiO 2 /Ti (+) presents efficient water splitting performance (1.464 V at 10 mA cm−2) and long-term durability (∼100% retention for 30 h) in acidic electrolyte. This work highlights the importance of integrated electrodes and the feasibility of acidic electrolyzer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Al cathode could provide the same flocculation effect as that of Al anode. • Al cathode made the electrolytic system more energy-efficient for water treatment. • Chemical attack by local alkalinity is the mechanism for Al cathode dissolution. • A paired electrolysis was built for the simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate. • Paired electrolytic system with Al cathode could effectively treat landfill leachate. Removal of excessive nutrients (N and P) is one of the most concerned issues for wastewater treatment. This study presents a paired electrolytic system consisting of Al cathode and RuO 2 /Ti anode for the simultaneous removal of phosphate and ammonia in wastewaters. The comparative study on the dissolving behaviors of Al cathode and Al anode showed that Al cathode could achieve a continuous and stable dissolution of aluminum, thereby forming flocs and small amounts of water soluble aluminum species for decontamination. The electrogenerated OH– in the vicinity of cathode raised the local alkalinity and caused the chemical dissolution of aluminum. According to the experiment of non-electrolytic dissolution of aluminum in alkaline solution, the local pH resulting in the cathodic dissolution of Al was estimated. The paired electrolytic system showed the capability to simultaneously remove ammonia and phosphate in simulated wastewater, and the pH neutralizing effect in association with the formation of Al species could promote the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia. When the paired electrolytic system was applied to the treatment of landfill leachate, 96.9% of ammonia nitrogen, 87.4% of total phosphorous and 89.9% of COD could be eliminated after three hours of electrolysis at 80 mA/cm2. The results shown in study reveal that the dissolution process of Al cathode enables a convenient control on the dissolving-out amounts of aluminum via regulating the applied current density, and the paired electrolytic system can be developed as an energy-efficient electrochemical wastewater treating method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • TFP coordinates with Pb defects and forms hydrogen bonds with MA+ and FA+. • The Ag@TFP layer enhances light absorption and produces more hot carriers. • The Ag@TFP layer enhances the V bi and match the energy levels of the PSCs. • A PCE of 23.86% has been achieved in PSCs based on Ag@TFP-TFP synergistic strategy. The development of multi-functional synergetic strategy with defect passivation and optical management is expected to further improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the small organic molecule of 4-trifluoromethyl pyridine (TFP) and Ag nanoparticle modified by TFP (Ag@TFP) with local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects were introduced into PSCs. After investigating their different intervention ways in PSCs, a novel technique has been proved to own the ability to achieve the best photovoltaic performance of PSCs, i.e. TFP was introduced into the perovskite layer by anti-solvent method, and then a layer of Ag@TFP was deposited on the perovskite layer. The TFP can both coordinate with Pb related defects and form hydrogen bonds with MA+ and FA+ to effectively inhibit ion migration, so that the perovskite films with high crystal quality and improved stability can be obtained. The further deposition of Ag@TFP enhances the light absorption of perovskite via far-field light scattering effects and produces hot electrons for injection, so that the Jsc and Voc can be greatly increased. Meanwhile, an enhanced near-field electromagnetic field of Ag@TFP increases the build-in field of device, and a more matched energy level alignment has been formed, which greatly accelerates the charge transfer from perovskite to HTL. As a result, the highest PCE of 23.86 % has been achieved in the Ag@TFP-TFP based Cs 0.069 FA 0.826 MA 0.105 Pb(I 0.955 Br 0.045) 3 PSCs. This work not only provides an effective approach to improve the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, but also open a new gate to design synergetic strategy with multifunction for prompting the development of PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N/p homojunction absorber was developed using black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs). • BP NSs passivated perovskite defects while inducing homojunction formation. • BP NSs act as fast paths to balance charge transport at the top and bottom interfaces. Trap-assisted charge recombination and interfacial charge recombination have limited further improvements in the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. We construct a novel two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus nanosheet (BP NS)-modified perovskite model that utilizes an upgraded additive post-processing technique to introduce 2D BP NSs, comprising multiple functional groups and carrying a high charge mobility and high work function, into the absorber during Ostwald ripening. 2D BP NSs, while passivating grain boundaries and surface defects, successfully induced the in-situ formation of an intriguing n/p homojunction structure between the underlying bulk and the top in a monolithic perovskite film, i.e., a graded n/p-PVK-BP absorber. This resulted in the synergistic advantages of expanding the built-in electric field to facilitate the oriented transfer of photogenerated carriers, optimizing the energy level alignment, and minimizing the hole injection barrier at the perovskite/hole transporting layer interface, thereby accelerating the selective extraction/collection of interfacial charges and synchronously reducing nonradiative and interfacial charge recombination losses. The 2D BP NSs anchored at the grain boundaries and surface of p-type perovskite form a "fast path" for hole migration, achieving carrier transport balance at the top and bottom interfaces. The optimized n/p-PVK-BP device achieved an efficiency of 23.22 %, with negligible hysteresis. Owing to the synergistic effects of the various advantages of the graded n/p-PVK-BP homojunction absorber, the unencapsulated device exhibited good long-term storage and operational stability, providing potential for commercial conversion of perovskite-based optoelectronics. This work provides a simple homojunction structure design and performance optimization strategy for the simultaneous reduction of trap-assisted charge recombination and interfacial charge recombination losses and provides new insights for the development of more efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A solid-state AuNCAs was prepared to fabricate the LoC-SERS analysis system for miRNA detection. • The highly-ordered AuNCAs can enhance the SERS signal and laid a solid foundation for uniformity and reproducibility meanwhile. • The proposed dual cycle amplification strategy significantly improved the detection sensitivity with LOD low to aM level. Herein, with a target-triggered dual cycle amplification strategy, a novel lab-on-a-chip-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (LoC-SERS) analysis system was established to analyze miRNAs quantitatively. Due to a more substantial complementary pairing effect, the presence of targets can replace the single-stranded DNA S1 (S1) from the single-stranded DNA F1 (F1) and single-stranded DNA S2 (S2) can replace and release the targets similarly. Thus, target can cyclically trigger the cycle Ⅰ and release S1 continuously. Cycle Ⅱ is the catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) event between the hairpin DNA 1 and hairpin DNA 2, which can connect the Ag-Au nanorods (Ag-AuNRs) to the surface of solid-state Au nanocone arrays (AuNCAs). Owing the dual cycle amplification strategy, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be excited and significantly magnify the local electromagnetic field for SERS signal enhancement. Thus, ultrasensitive detection of miR-21 and miR-106b was achieved with the limit of detection as low as aM level. Attributed to the hydrophilic treatment and the design of capillary pump, the detection can be finished without any external pumps. Moreover, the system exhibited good practicability in the analysis of real serum samples obtained from Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) patients and healthy subjects. Therefore, the system is a promising candidate in clinical application and exhibited potential for the prediction, diagnosis, monitoring, and staging of LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric reduction of 2-benzoylpyridine derivatives for enantiopure alcohols with excellent enantioselectivity and atom economy is still a challenging synthetic problem due to the coordination effects of 2-pyridine and substituents. In this study, we investigated an alternative cost-effective and green route for the enantioselective bioreduction of prochiral 2-benzoylpyridine derivatives employing a novel biocatalyst Cryptococcus sp. whole-cell to corresponding ( S )-alcohols. This biocatalyst was more enantioselective toward the reduction of 2-benzoylpyridine derivatives with a para -substituent on the phenyl group, rather than those with an ortho - or meta -substituent. This property was quite contrary to the cases of known chemical catalysts. Moreover, Cryptococcus sp. whole-cell-catalyzed reduction of (4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl) methanone (CPMK) could proceed with perfect enantioselectivity in aqueous hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) media, affording the product ( S )-(4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl)methanol [( S )-CPMA] with excellent enantioselectivity (99% ee ) and good conversion (89%), which is a crucial chiral synthon of new antiallergic drug, Betahistine. To overcome the known toxicity of hydrophilic ILs to cells, a high IL-tolerant mutant of Cryptococcus sp. (M9-3) was adopted in the reaction. The excellent tolerance of the biocatalyst to various hydrophilic ILs enabled the exploration of the positive effects of ILs on the biocatalytic efficiency and enantio-selectivity. In addition, the enzymatic hydrolyzate of bagasse was firstly used as the co-substrate during the asymmetric bioreduction of CPMK, with a higher conversion achieved (92%) than using pure glucose. This is a novel and economical route for the green synthesis of chiral diarylmethanols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Amino group at ortho -position can activate whole-body passivation ability of M2A4M. • Both amino and methoxy groups are activated via electron transfer from –CH 3 O through benzene ring. • Defects passivation, ion migration inhibition and optimized band alignment enhances PCE to 21.51 %. Passivating defects via organic molecule additives is one of important approaches to achieve high-efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To unveil the influence mechanism of intermolecular charge transfer caused by molecular structure on defect passivation is imperative for activating whole-body passivation ability of molecules. Small isomeric D-π-A molecules of methyl 2-amino-4-methoxybenzoate (M2A4M) and methyl 3-amino-4-methoxybenzoate (M3A4M) with multiple coordination sites provide us a desired research object to unveil how the intermolecular charge transfer caused by amino group position activate the passivation ability of molecule to boost the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. The results show that the ortho amino group within M2A4M is beneficial for part of electrons at –CH 3 O transferring to the methoxy and amino groups through benzene ring to activate their whole-body coordination ability with MA+ or Pb related defects. In detail, a unique bidentate chelating bond between M2A4M and uncoordinated Pb2+ ions in the perovskite can be formed due to a good distance match between functional groups on M2A4M and adjacent octahedral voids on the perovskite caused by ortho amino group, which provides the stronger adsorption capacity to anchor M2A4M on the perovskite to passivate internal defects. Moreover, the formation of hydrogen bond between activated methoxy group in M2A4M and NH 3 + in the perovskite can inhibit the ion migration to improve the stability of PSCs. As a result, the champion MAPbI 3 based PSCs treated with M2A4M achieves the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of 21.51 % with an open circuit voltage of 1.16 V. This work provides a novel concept for designing appropriate molecular structure of additives with whole-body defect passivation ability, which will prompt the further development of perovskite-based photoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bilateral passivation strategy by PEACl doping and NPB post-treatment is proposed. • Construction of GHJ provides a favorable transport pathway for hole migration. • Achieving a PCE of 21.88% for PEACl-SnO 2 -NPB based PSCs with negligible hysteresis. • Improved moisture and thermal stability of PSCs by using synchronous regulation. Defects and inferior charge transport dynamics within devices are key issues that inhibit the improvements of photovoltaic performance and stability. Developing facile and feasible strategies for synchronous passivation of defects regarding charge transport layers (CTLs), perovskite films and their interfaces, and precise tuning of energy level structure, is a definite way to solve above problems. Herein, we develop a synergistic passivation strategy for perovskite films and bilateral interfaces to improve device performance. Firstly, an appropriate amount of phenylethylammonium chloride is adopted to modify SnO 2 electron transport layer (ETL). The complexation reaction between N atoms in –NH 2 and Sn4+ improve the agglomeration of SnO 2 nanoparticles and film quality of SnO 2 ETL. The presence of Cl− ions not only effectively fill oxygen vacancies within SnO 2 ETL, but also participate in regulating crystal growth dynamics of perovskite films, thus improving electron transport properties at interface. Subsequently, p-type conducting material N,N'-Bis-(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N'-bis-phenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) is introduced into anti-solvent chlorobenzene during the preparation of perovskite films to further regulate the crystal quality and achieve full-range defect passivation. Particularly, the introduction of NPB helps to construct a gradient heterojunction between upper perovskite film and SpiroOMeTAD hole transport layer, thus reducing the accumulation of hole carriers near interface and further suppressing current–voltage hysteresis behavior of devices. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of NPB and full range of defect passivation greatly enhance the humidity and thermal stability of devices. Finally, a high power conversion efficiency of 21.88% is obtained with suppressed hysteresis and enhanced long-term stability. This work highlights the role of full-range defect passivation on CTLs, perovskite absorption layers and interfacial charge transport properties, which provide a novel concept for constructing high-performance and stable perovskite devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A robust and efficient nanocatalyst for the cascade oxidation of HMF to FDCA. • Latent activity of AAO on FFCA was activated by the designed nanozyme. • Novel oxidizability of HP-7@Fe 3 (PO 4) 2 nanozyme on FFCA was discovered. • A complete conversion of HMF with excellent (100%) selectivity toward FDCA. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a well-known biobased platform chemical to produce sustainable polyethylene furanoate (PEF) and other valuable furanic chemicals. The eco-friendly enzyme cascade reactions have been adopted to synthesize FDCA using the multistep oxidation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) based on different oxidoreductases. However, the coordination of natural oxidoreductases in cascade reactions presents challenges because of their different adaptabilities and catalytic environments. A robust and efficient catalyst herein was developed by the hybridization of a designed hemin–peptide (HP-7) complex and natural aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) in iron phosphate solution to achieve the cascade oxidation of HMF to FDCA. HMF is first transformed in 5-formylfurancarboxylic acid (FFCA) based on the oxidizability of AAO toward benzylic alcohol, and then the latent activity of AAO on FFCA was activated by the catalase activity of the HP-7@Fe 3 (PO 4) 2 nanozyme with the in situ consumption of H 2 O 2 initially produced by AAO. Moreover, closer inspection demonstrated the oxidizability of the HP-7@Fe 3 (PO 4) 2 nanozyme on FFCA in both the presence and absence of H 2 O 2 for the first time. Consequently, the hybrid catalyst AAO/HP-7@Fe 3 (PO 4) 2 enabled the self-activated and efficient oxidation of HMF by integrating multiple reaction processes. A complete conversion of HMF with excellent selectivity (100%) toward FDCA was finally observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• S-Ta 2 O 5 /CdS is synthesized through the interfacial diffusion reaction. • S-doped Ta 2 O 5 as co-catalyst was studied in the photocatalytic reaction. • The structure could effectively improve the photo-corrosion of CdS. Photocatalytic H 2 generation is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for H 2 production. Herein, S doped Ta 2 O 5 decorated CdS nanosphere (S-Ta 2 O 5 /CdS) is synthesized through the interfacial diffusion reaction between sublimation of cadmium sulfide and crystallization shrinkage of tantalum oxide, which was regulated by high-temperature calcination. The successful S doping causes the changes of energy band structure of Ta 2 O 5 , which can be used as co-catalyst with suitable hydrogen potential to enhance the photocatalytic activity of CdS nanosphere. The obtained S-Ta 2 O 5 /CdS possesses the photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate of 54.51 μmol·mg−1·h−1 with improved photocatalytic stability under visible light irradiation, which is better than those of CdS (1.51 μmol·mg−1·h−1) and Ta 2 O 5 (0 μmol·mg−1·h−1). The work offers a new perspective that S-Ta 2 O 5 as co-catalyst improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole for the visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Inorganic HAuCl 4 doping combined organic NPB post-treatment strategy was proposed. • High PCE of 19.20% for Au@PEDOT:PSS/NPB PSCs is achieved on rigid substrate. • Flexible Au@PEDOT:PSS/NPB PSCs achieve 14.04% PCE with strong wrinkle resistance. • Improved hysteresis and stability of PSCs are realized via synchronous regulation. The further improvements in optoelectronic properties, hydrophobicity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layers, as well as regulation of defect states within devices are essential to promote the continued development of inverted p-i-n rigid and flexible planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the strong hygroscopicity, poor surface morphology, lower work function and coil configuration of pristine PEDOT:PSS films are detrimental to their own performance and growth dynamics process of perovskites, often resulting in sever energy losses and poor device performance. Herein, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) hydrate (HAuCl 4 ·3H 2 O) additive is combined with a conductive N,N'-Bis-(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N'-bis-phenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) buffer layer to boost device performance by systematically modulating PEDOT:PSS and perovskite film. Wherein, the redox reaction between PEDOT:PSS and HAuCl 4 can cause phase segregation of PEDOT:PSS, improving the hydrophobicity, electrical conductivity, work function and surface morphology of the films. The reduced gold nanoparticles will produce localized surface plasmon resonance effects, thus enhancing the utilization of solar radiation by perovskite films. Furthermore, the suitable energy level alignment of NPB layer relative to perovskite and Au@PEDOT:PSS films will sufficiently exploit the dissociative excitons to facilitate effective hole transport, and the N atoms in NPB can also passivate defects at the interface by binding to uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, thereby reducing non-radiative open-circuit voltage loss and increasing short-circuit current density. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.20% can be achieved for MA 0.85 FA 0.15 PbI 3 based p-i-n PSCs with negligible hysteresis and enhanced stability of devices. Similarly, the corresponding flexible device achieves a PCE of 14.04% with improved crumpling durability throughout low temperature preparation conditions below 140 °C. Our work presents a facile method to prepare high-efficient inverted PSCs while achieving improved long-term device stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Segregated structural composites assist in thermal conductivity enhancement. • Segregation provides more conductive reflective interfaces for shielding. • Polybenzoxazine modification increased polymer-filler interfacial interaction. • Hybrid fillers improve the interconnected filler transmission network. With the rapid development of integration and multi-functionality of electronic devices, polymer-based composites with thermal management and electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) are in urgent demand. Herein, a segregated structure multi-walled carbon nanotubes-graphite nanosheets/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite modified by polybenzoxazine (PBZ) have been fabricated via vacuum-assisted filtration and melting-point pressing methods. Different sizes of PEEK composite granules would yield different thermal conductivity (TC) and EMI performance of the resulting segregated composites. The TC of (GnPs&MWCNTs)@PBZ/PEEK with the grain of 200 meshes reach up to 3.38 (through plane) and 6.27 W/(m·K) (in plane) at 19.84 vol% filler loading, which is 1400% and 2600% higher than that of pure PEEK, respectively. The obtained composites also exhibit excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (54.4 dB), electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. Based on the Agari modeling, it is demonstrated that the more compact heat chain network is formed for segregated composites rather than fillers randomly distributed composites. This study provides a viable approach for enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymers-based composites with EMI capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A sheet SA/PVA/MgO/ATP PRB material with good adsorption capacity was synthesized. • The pretreatment of citric acid and MR-1 enhanced the removal of Zn and Cd during EK-PRB. • The simultaneous addition of CA and MR-1 caused the highest electric current and the lowest pH. • The adsorption of Cd and Zn by the sheet PRB material was 53.84 and 1108.36 mg/kg. • EK-PRB mainly removed exchangeable and carbonate fractions while others remained in soils. The combination of electrokinetic-permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB) is considered as a promising technology for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. In this study, considering the convenient operation and recycling, a new sheet PRB material of sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/attapulgite was prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectra. Subsequently, the effect of a pretreatment of citric acid (CA) and Shewanella oneidensis (MR-1) on zinc (Zn (Ⅱ)) and cadmium (Cd (Ⅱ)) removal from soils by EK-PRB was investigated. Results showed that Zn (Ⅱ) and Cd (Ⅱ) gradually migrated from anode to cathode in electric field within 8 days' EK-PRB remediation. The simultaneous addition of CA and MR-1 resulted into the highest electric current, the lowest pH and the more negative soil zeta potential. Correspondingly, the highest removal efficiency of Zn (Ⅱ) and Cd (Ⅱ) also occurred in CA + MR-1 group. The new sheet PRB material effectively captured Zn (Ⅱ) and Cd (Ⅱ) from soils, and the most adsorption occurred in CA + MR-1 group: 1108.36 mg/kg Zn (Ⅱ) and 53.84 mg/kg Cd (Ⅱ) nearby the cathode after 8 days' remediation. Specifically, for both Zn (Ⅱ) and Cd (Ⅱ), the CA + MR-1 group showed the greatest reduction in exchangeable and carbonate fractions and the highest increase in Fe-Mn oxidation and residual fractions. Overall, with a pretreatment of CA and MR-1, the residual Zn (Ⅱ) and Cd (Ⅱ) in soils were greatly reduced after EK-PRB remediation, due to the migration in the electric filed and the adsorption of the new sheet PRB material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We developed a "hillocks"-like random-textured perovskite (HRT-perovskite) absorber. • Crystallization kinetics and formation mechanisms of CB-induced HRT-perovskite absorbers have been proposed. • Proper volume CB promoted the construction of porous MAI-PbI 2 -DMSO intermediate structure. • Efficient light trapping was achieved by employing CB-induced HRT-perovskite absorbers. Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high-quality absorbers are promising for flexible-, semitransparent-, and tandem- photovoltaic applications. However, compared to mesoporous PSCs, planar perovskite absorbers tend to suffer from additional optical losses due to insufficient light harvesting. Accordingly, the design and fabrication of high-quality textured perovskite absorbers are promising to improve device performance. We developed a "hillocks"-like random-textured perovskite (HRT-perovskite) absorber using a facile chlorobenzene (CB) anti-solvent assisted spin-coating approach. The crystallization kinetics and formation mechanisms of CB-induced HRT-perovskite absorbers have been systematically explored, allowing us to gain insights into the role of CB, i.e. an appropriate volume of CB promotes the formation of a porous MAI-PbI 2 -DMSO intermediate structure. We show that the porous nature of the intermediate film provides sufficient space for lattice reconstruction and structure expansion during crystal growth, thus effectively improving the film and surface/interface quality, and, ultimately, the optoelectronic properties of the perovskite absorber. Moreover, the HRT-perovskite absorber exhibits excellent light-trapping capability and carrier mobility, due to its optimized surface roughness and longitudinally ordered grain boundary distribution. As a result, we obtained efficiencies of up to 20.03% from planar heterojunction PSCs fabricated using ~400 nm thick HRT-perovskite absorbers. The process exhibits very high reproducibility with 20 individual devices fabricated in one batch, achieving an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.00%. Finally, the whole fabrication process was conducted below 150 ℃, which is appropriate for a wide range of applications, such as flexible- and tandem- photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Water stable Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 was fabricated through a facile modification strategy. • Excellent structural performances endowed Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 outstanding absorbability. • Multi-factors influence demonstrated the practical application potential. • The mechanisms were electrostatic attraction and inner-sphere surface complexation. • The excellent uptake capabilities made Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 a promising adsorbent. The water stable core-shell microspheres (Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8) with strong magnetism were successfully fabricated through a facile modification strategy. Concrete procedures included firstly pretreatment of Fe 3 O 4 core with anionic polyelectrolyte to acquire negatively charged Fe 3 O 4 particle surface, followed by nucleation through attracting Zn2+ cation, and then growth of a thin layer of ZIF-8 (~25 nm). Various characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, BET and XPS) indicated that the Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 microspheres were highly stable and magnetic with a large specific surface area (606.91 m2/g) and fairly sufficient functional groups (NH , OH, COOH, Zn O, N O and C N). Multi-factors affecting the radionuclides removal performance on Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 was adequately explored, comprising contact time, temperature, pH, ionic strength, co-existing ions and extreme conditions. And the results showed that Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 exhibited fast reaction kinetics (~30 min to achieve equilibrium), excellent uptake capabilities (539.7 mg U/g and 255.6 mg Eu/g), remarkable selectivity and favorable physicochemical stability. These researches suggested that Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 could not only simultaneously achieve favorable stability and functionality, but also easily to be separated by external magnetic field after used in radioactive sewage treatment, which was of considerable practical utility in extracting radioactive wastes though in harsh circumstance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel nanocomposite-Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 @PEI was prepared without using organic solvent. • The immobilized enzyme retains good recovered activity and high thermal stability. • Immobilized laccase displays high catalytic activity and reusability. • Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 @PEI-Laccase can retain and degrade POPs. • The nanocomposites provide an excellent support for enzyme. A kind of core-shell material with regular shape and size, and uniform composition, is prepared in aqueous phase and used for laccase immobilization. Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle is coated with MoS 2 by self-assembly, and the Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 is further coated by polyethyleneimine, which acts as a spacer arm and is beneficial to enzyme immobilization. The nanocarrier affords the high loading capability of 120 mg/g and satisfied activity recovery of 90% for laccase. The immobilized laccase is stable in a wider range of pH (3–10), temperature (20–70 °C) and storage time (1–14 days), as well as having the recyclability (1–10 cycles). The carcinogenic persistent organic pollutants (malachite green, bisphenol A, bisphenol F) in the water are degraded by the immobilized laccase with a higher efficiency (82.7%, 87.6%, 70.6%) than free laccase (14.4%, 85.0%, 48.0%), respectively. It is prospected that the constructed material is qualified as green nanoreactor for biological macromolecules immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]