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• S, C co-doped FeNiCeP/NF is prepared via high-valence metal engineering strategy. • High-valence Ce promotes electron transfer of metal phosphides. • The optimized material presents efficient OER, HER and supercapacitor performance. • The self-powered OWS is successfully assembled to produce hydrogen. The construction of cost-effective and high-performance metal organic framework (MOF) derived metal phosphides as multifunctional electrode materials for self-powered overall water splitting (OWS) is considerable promising. Herein, the trimetallic phosphides embedded in sulfur-containing carbon matrix (SC-FeNiCeP/NF) derived from high-valence metal engineered MOF are grown on nickel foam by hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition for achieving self-powered OWS. Based on the electron coupling between the metal phosphide interface by high-valent Ce as "electronic storage" to accelerate electron transfer, the SC-FeNiCeP/NF as electrocatalysts present low overpotential with 208 mV and 107 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. For supercapacitor, the SC-FeNiCeP/NF nanoarray exhibits high specific capacitance with 2290 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Combined with excellent SC-FeNiCeP/NF-based asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) and OWS devices, the self-powered OWS are assembled to produce H 2 and O 2 simultaneously in alkaline water for up to ∼ 120 s, creating new possibilities for the energy storage and conversion systems based on the designable and multifunctional MOF-derived materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Double perovskites are prepared by molten-salt synthesis and tested for NO oxidation. • La 2 CoMnO 6 achieves a maximum NO conversion of 80% among La 2 MMnO 6 double perovskites. • 75% molar doping Ba content renders the maximum NO conversion of 88%. • The NO conversion of La 2 Co 1-y Cu y MnO 6 decreased with the Cu-substitution increasing. • The higher the B-site ionic magnetic moments, the better for NO oxidation. Diesel engine exhaust has been identified to be highly carcinogenic. In order to improve the control of diesel engine exhaust emissions, the diesel engine oxidation catalyst (DOC) + catalytic diesel particulate filter (CDPF) + selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR) + NH 3 oxidation catalyst (ASC) united technology has become the mainstream technology for catalytic aftertreatment. Perovskite oxides have emerged as a promising catalyst for NO oxidation and can be used as the DOC. Undoped La 2 MMnO 6 (M = Co, Fe, Ni, Cu) double perovskites, A-site Ba-doping (La 2-x Ba x)CoMnO 6 (%Ba = 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) perovskites and B-site Cu-doping La 2 Co 1-y Cu y MnO 6 (y = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) double perovskites were prepared by a facile molten-salt synthesis method and examined by XRD, SEM, BET, in situ DRIFTS, and XPS. In addition, we calculated the B-site ionic magnetic moments of the double perovskites μ which were contributed by the effective Bohr magneton number n p of the B-site 3d transition metal ions, such as Mn3+, Mn4+, Co3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Cu2+. The correlations between the B-site ionic magnetic moments and the maximum NO conversion over all those double perovskites were also calculated. The B-site ionic magnetic moments has a strong positive correlation with the highest conversion rate of NO catalytic oxidation over all those double perovskites. That is, the higher the B-site ionic magnetic moments, the better the catalytic oxidation performance of NO over the double perovskites. So enhancing the B-site ionic magnetic moments by A-site doping is a method to improve the catalytic activity of NO oxidation over the perovskites. Increasing the B-site ionic magnetic moments is the key index to improve the catalytic activity of NO oxidation of the double perovskites by B-site doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A homemade microsensor measures CCL dynamic temperature. • An improved transient thermal model is developed to analyze the process. • Both experiment and simulation indicate 0–7 °C temperature variation. • Temperature variation is dramatically affected by cathode operation. • Underlying mechanisms for temperature variation are analyzed. Temperature variation inside the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) is significant, which could greatly damage fuel cell performance and durability. However, limited by CCL microstructure and complex physicochemical processes, the knowledge regarding CCL dynamic temperature is indeed insufficient. Thus, this work integrates a pre-prepared thin-film microsensor into the fuel cell to measure CCL surface temperature under dynamic load. At the same time, an improved transient thermal model considering local mass transport and liquid effect on thermal contact resistance (TCR) is established for the first time to analyze the internal process. Results show that CCL temperature is greatly affected by local resistance and interface accumulated water. And, as confirmed by both experiment and simulation, the CCL surface exhibits 0–7 °C temperature variation, whose profile changes sharply at the beginning and then evolutes slowly, eventually taking tens or hundreds of seconds to reach a new steady state due to thermal inertia. Moreover, the temperature is further increased by ∼1 °C as cathode humidity increases or stoichiometric ratio decreases, but only slight changes with the anode condition. The significant role of cathode operation is attributed to the greater mass transfer resistance and more sensitive intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction to reactant change. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of CCL dynamic temperature, thus improving fuel cell thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Series of novel hypercrosslinked polymers with tunable polarity were prepared. • Magnetic OP10-DCX was used for efficiently enriching of AFs from grain. • A sensitive method was established for simultaneously screening four AFs in grain. • Polarity, hydrogen bond and π-π interactions were responsible for the adsorption. • The study offers a new insight into the design of effective sorbent for mycotoxins. Aflatoxins (AFs) as a category of polar mycotoxins possess a significant threat to human health. However, constructing of sorbents with suitable polarity for the preconcentration of AFs remains poorly developed due to the difficulty in tuning the polarity of the sorbents optionally. Herein, a series of novel hypercrosslinked polymers (OP-HCPs) with adjustable polarity were designed and synthesized by varying selection of alkylphenol ethoxylates monomers and benzyl halides crosslinkers for the preconcentration of AFs. By integration of magnetism into OP-HCP, a novel magnetic sorbent (M-OP10-DCX) was prepared to readily pre-concentrate of AFs from rice and maize samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). Benefiting from the unique polarity interaction between M-OP10-DCX and AFs, the M-OP10-DCX displayed excellent adsorption ability for the AFs. Good linearity in the range of 5.0–4000 pg g−1 (R 2 > 0.9983), low limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 1.5–50 pg g−1 and high enrichment factors of 105–205 were achieved. The recoveries of the method ranged from 82.8 % to 115 % with the relative standard deviation less than 8.0 %. This work provided a new strategy for the rational design of HCPs with tunable polarity as valuable tools for specific adsorption of different kinds of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A two-dimensional, two-phase, PEMFC transient thermal model is established. • Effects of operating&structure parameters on CCL thermal transient are studied. • CCL temperature overshoot and fluctuation are analyzed under dynamic loading. • Both electrochemical and two-phase flow transients cause temperature overshoot. • Optimal loading rate, operating temperature, and width ratio are suggested. The temperature variation of the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) caused by dynamic loading will damage the material and consequently shorten cell lifetime. To address this problem, the thermal transient of CCL needs to be clarified first before further action is taken. In this work, the effects of current load, operating temperature, and channel to rib width ratio on the thermal transient of CCL are systemically investigated by a two-dimensional, two-phase transient PEMFC thermal model. At the same time, the action mechanisms of electrochemical and two-phase flow transients on the thermal transient are detailly described. We observe that the overshoot of CCL temperature will happen as the current steps from nearly zero to a certain level. Interestingly, under the action of local water and thermal evolution, the overshoot amplitude first increases and then decreases with the rise of the step current density. Moreover, with the increase in loading time and operating temperature, temperature overshoot significantly decreases. The former is attributed to the quasi-steady state operation of two-phase flow at a long loading time, while the latter is caused by the reduction of membrane water absorption with atmosphere drying. It is also found that the larger channel to rib width ratio will induce more uniform temperature fluctuation in CCL regions under rib and channel due to the more uniform electrochemical reaction caused by shorter O 2 transport path length. The above model simulation results can guide cell operation and design for better thermal management under dynamic loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 1) The electromigration of oxygen adatoms form both a wetting gradient and a temperature gradient. • 2) Temporospatial control of droplet spreading by mediating current intensity. • 3) A programmable spreading of droplet via the control of the equilibrium position. Controlled spreading of droplet on solid surface bursts out of strong applications from micro-fluidic sensors to artificial intelligence settings. Recently, to extend its application range, reversible spreading has been realized by introducing external stimulate to change the direction of wetting gradient. Here, we propose a new strategy for temporospatial control of droplet spreading (along or against the wetting gradient) by mediating current intensity (not current direction as previous reported) via the electromigration of oxygen adatom. The results indicate that, during the electromigration process, two gradients, i.e., wetting gradient and temperature gradient, are formed and the battle between these two gradients leads to the formation of an equilibrium position. No matter where droplet is dripped, it will spread toward this equilibrium position. More importantly, the equilibrium position could be easily adjusted by current intensity and predicted via our theoretical model, i.e., the spreading behaviour of droplet could be programed via current intensity. We envision this new strategy of programmable spreading of droplet could be valuable in practical applications involving fluidic transport, such as microreactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An efficient method for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution was proposed, which is characterized by adsorbing heavy metals by manganese dioxide formed in situ (MOF) prepared by reacting MnSO4 with KMnO4. Results indicated that the adsorption capacity of MOF was found to be significantly more than the several adsorbents reported in the literatures. The maximum adsorption capacity estimated with the Langmuir model was 917mg/g for Pb(II) and 176mg/g for Cd(II). The uptake of Pb(II) and Cd(II) onto MOF approached to equilibrium quickly. The removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) increased with increasing MOF dose and solution pH. The presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the concentration more than 5mmol/L had no significant influence on Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that Pb(II) and Cd(II) uptake onto MOF might be related to inner-sphere complex formation. Finally, the elimination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in simulated water demonstrated that this approach for heavy metal removal has a great potential application in environmental protection, especially in accidental pollution event. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Cu 7 S 4 nanocrystals fixed on the carbon nanotube film, directly for electrodes. • The phase change of Cu 7 S 4 during the electrochemical process has been studied. • GITT is executed to investigate the reaction kinetics. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been identified as capable alternatives with great promise to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) on account of affordable cost and satisfactory natural abundance of metallic sodium. However, they may suffer volume expansion of the active material and eventually the disintegration of the microstructure during the process of charge and discharge, giving rise to inferior reversible capacity and poor cyclic stability. In this work, we germinate nanoscale Cu 7 S 4 on the carbon nanotube film innovatively by hydrothermal, which may be the first time Cu 7 S 4 has been grown on such a thin film interwoven with innumerable carbon nanotubes and apply to the anode of SIBs to the best of our knowledge. The freestanding composite electrode without any binder and conductive auxiliary retains 553 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 1A g−1. Furthermore, ex situ characterization is employed to make a thorough inquiry of phase transitions and the relationship with the kinetics of Na-ion diffusion by the combination with galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) in the whole electrochemical process. We anticipate our work can provide a promising scheme for the research of the energy supply system of flexible wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Coral-like NiCoP@C@Ni(OH) 2 nanoarrays are vertically grown on nickel foams. • The cycling performance of NiCoP@C@Ni(OH) 2 has been increased from 53.5% to 81.2%. • Hybrid supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 49.5 Wh kg−1 at 399.8 W kg−1. Abstract Transitional metal phosphides (TMPs) are regarded as comparatively promising electrode materials for energy storage and conversion. However, the poor cycling performance of TMPs remains to be a major challenge of their practical application for supercapacitor. In this work, coral-like NiCoP@C@Ni(OH) 2 core-shell nanoarrays are vertically grown on nickel foams using two-step hydrothermal reaction, followed by carbonization and phosphorization treatment. The participation of amorphous carbon layer and ultrathin Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets is expected to improve the performance of cycling stability and energy density. This NiCoP@C@Ni(OH) 2 NAs exhibit high specific capacitance of 2300.8 F g−1 at a density of 1 A g−1, good rate capability (72.1% of capacitance at 20 A g−1) and long-term cycling stability (81.2% retention after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Moreover, with the help of ultrathin Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets, a hybrid supercapacitor assembled by the NiCoP@C@Ni(OH) 2 NAs electrode against activated carbon achieves a high energy density (49.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 399.8 W kg−1). These results demonstrate that such NiCoP@C@Ni(OH) 2 NAs hold great promise as novel battery-like electrode for hybrid supercapacitors in energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon dots with the ability to chelate Fe3+ were synthesized, and the maximum chelating capacity reached 154.56 mg/g. • According to the adsorption kinetic model, the chelating ability of ferric ions of carbon dots is much stronger than that of siderophores. • Carbon dots chelate Fe3+ in the growth environment of Pseudomonas fragi , which leads to the death of Pseudomonas fragi due to iron deficiency. Food spoilage caused by bacteria led to about 600 million people suffering from foodborne diseases in 2020, and the diseases kill approximately 400,000 people annually. Traditional food preservatives, antibiotics, and nanomaterials have problems such as high dosage, bacterial resistance, and low biocompatibility. In this study, mild antibacterial carbon dots (TM-CDs) with Fe3+ nutritional competitiveness were prepared. TM-CDs specifically chelated Fe3+ and formed Fe-O. The maximum chelating capacity of TM-CDs for Fe3+ was 154.56 mg mL−1. TM-CDs exhibited a much stronger chelating ability for Fe3+ than traditional iron chelators and even siderophores secreted by Pseudomonas fragi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of TM-CDs against Pseudomonas fragi was 0.25 mg mL−1. The antibacterial mechanism of TM-CDs was the existence of Fe3+ competition between TM-CDs and siderophores secreted by Pseudomonas fragi , which ultimately led to the death of Pseudomonas fragi due to iron deficiency. Notably, no obvious cytotoxicity of TM CDs was observed. In addition, the experimental results of freshness showed that TM-CDs effectively prolonged the shelf-life of salmon by 3–4 d. Therefore, this study provides insight into developing a competitive approach to depriving bacteria of nutrients for antibacterial purposes, with potential applications in seafood storage and preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PEDOT are introduced into the interlayer of vanadyl phosphate. • The surface of vanadyl phosphate is coated by PEDOT. • The structural stability and electrical conductivity are improved. • A reversible Zn2+ insertion/extraction storage mechanism is proposed in PEDOT-VOP. The electrochemical properties of vanadyl phosphates as cathode materials for Zn-ion batteries have been severely hindered by their inherent poor electronic conductivity, unavoidable dissolution in aqueous solutions, and sluggish reaction kinetics. In this study, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is introduced in vanadyl phosphates (PEDOT-VOP) through the in situ polymerization as interlayer guest species and surface coating layer, along with the generation of oxygen vacancies. The intercalated PEDOT develops strong interaction with the host layer, which can maintain its structural integrity. In addition, the PEDOT coating shell can enhance electronic conductivity together with oxygen vacancies to promote efficient electron transfer and prevent dissolution of active materials to stabilize the vanadyl phosphate core. As a result, the PEDOT-VOP electrode demonstrates a high discharge capacity of 180 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A/g with good rate performance (128 mA h g−1 at 2 A/g) and enhanced cycling stability (a capacity retention of 88.6 % after 2000 cycles at 1 A/g). The reversible Zn2+ insertion/extraction mechanism is further validated by diverse ex situ tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amino (NH 2) functionalized two-dimensional diamond (diamane) with a uniform macroporous structure is coated on a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator. The combination of polar (NH 2) functional groups and uniform macroporous channels enables the uniform and rapid transport of sodium ions through the diaphragm. Homogeneous deposition of sodium metal anode is realized, enabling a long cycle life time. [Display omitted] • The NH 2 functional groups on diamane were generated by thermolysis of UM-550. • Na ions deposition is guided by the NH 2 -diamane. • The good performance is due to macroporous channel and -NH 2 functional groups. • NH 2 -diamane extends the lifetime of Na metal to 1800 h at 20 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2. The abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium metal present a promising foundation for the widespread adoption of sodium-metal batteries (SMBs). However, the dendrite formation during the repeated Na deposition/stripping process impedes the long-term stable operation of the batteries. To tackle these concerns, a separator structure is designed by coating commercial polypropylene (PP) with amino (NH 2) functionalized two-dimensional diamonds (diamane) with macroporous structure. As a result, the Na symmetric cell incorporating the PP/NH 2 -diamane separator exhibits sustained stability for 3200 h at 5 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2, and 1800 h at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2. The excellent electrochemical performance of the cell with the PP/NH 2 -diamane separator can be attributed not only to the sodiophilic NH 2 functional groups facilitating the uniform deposition of Na ion, but also to the homogeneously macroporous channels formed on the PP separators, enabling uniform and rapid transportation of sodium ions through the separator. Moreover, the PP/NH 2 -diamane separator also enhances the rate capability and long-cycle stability of Na metal batteries. This cost-effective strategy offers a promising avenue for engineering stable SMBs through simply separator modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new catalyst, CNTs@COF-SO 3 H, is synthesized. • The reactivation of Li 2 S was enhanced and the redox kinetics was promoted. • Such catalyst could inhibit the "shuttle effect". • The CNTs@COF-SO 3 H exhibits stronger capacity and low attenuation rate. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is considered to be an promising alternative for next-generation battery systems because of the high theoretical energy density. However, the "shuttle effect" causes electrode passivation and rapid capacity decay. In this work, a kind of filamentous catalyst, CNTs@COF-SO 3 H, is prepared by combining in situ growth and post-modification strategy for the first time. Such catalyst can decrease the activation energy of electrolytes, accelerate the multiphase conversion of sulfur, decrease the agglomeration of soluble polysulfides in electrolytes, and thereby inhibit the "shuttle effect". The catalytic conversion is well proved by both experiments and theoretical calculations. When equipped with CNTs@COF-SO 3 H the batteries exhibit stronger capacity at 1 C with a attenuation rate of only 0.04256 % for each cycle after 1500 cycles. Meanwhile, the battery provides a reversible capacity of 596 mAh/g in 150 cycles, though the sulfur content is as high as 6.9 mg cm−2. This research provides a new insight into the synthesis of multifunctional catalysts by combining compositing organic framework materials with conductive carbon materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• FSPCMs with excellent heat-resistance and high enthalpy were fabricated. • Polyamide 6 based PCFs have been successfully produced by melt spinning process. • PCFs presented a long thermal management time and superior washing durability. Phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted considerable attention due to their superior function for energy storage and temperature regulation and its promising applications in fibers. However, PCMs prepared by conventional strategies always suffer a poor heat resistance, making them infeasible for melt-spun fibers. We present here a nano-hybridized form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) via a molecular chain structural selection strategy and nano-hybridization technique; featuring with high heat resistant and hydrophobicity, such FSPCMs can be applied for the melt spinning of polyamide 6 (PA6)-based phase change fibers (PCFs). The organic-inorganic nano-hybridized FSPCMs presents a transformation from solid-liquid phase transition to solid-solid phase transition with improved thermal response rates. And, an optimized FSPCM not only preserves a high enthalpy (137 J/g) and heat resistance temperature (up to 328.5 °C) but also display a superior phase change stability after simulated thermal cycling over 200 times; meanwhile, it can efficiently delay its micro-environmental temperature change for up to 1182 s with an outstanding energy storage and temperature regulation function. More importantly, incorporating FSPCMs into the melt-spun PA6, the resultant PCFs also demonstrate a smart regulation on its micro-environmental temperature for 786 s with an enthalpy of 9.44 J/g. In addition, the functions of such PCFs also present a good washing durability; which can withstand a practical washing for 1 h at different temperatures (0 °C, 25 °C, and 90 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The unique nanoarchitecture with PBA-derived nanocubes anchored on nanowires and nanoflakes are rationally constructed. • The proper P incorporation in (Ni,Co)Se 2 could greatly increase the electrochemical properties. • The operating potential of hybrid supercapacitor could be extended to 1.8 V. • The P-(Ni,Co)Se 2 //ZC device shows a high energy density of 45.0Wh kg−1 at the power density of 446.3 W kg−1. Nanostructure construction and composition tuning are two effective methods to accelerate electrochemical reaction kinetics and increase electroactive sites of nickel cobalt selenides nanoarrays. Herein, we have successfully designed and fabricated the P-(Ni,Co)Se 2 nanoarrays on activated carbon cloth with PBAs nanocubes anchored on the nanoflakes-nanowires by a facile hydrothermal method, followed precipitate reaction and phosphorization/selenylation treatment. The continuous hollow PBAs nanocubes and proper P incorporation in (Ni,Co)Se 2 could greatly increase active surface area and enhance the ions diffusion and charge transfer. The resultant P-(Ni,Co)Se 2 NAs electrode delivers a high areal capacity of 3.02C cm−2 (a specific capacity of 755C g−1) at 2 mA cm−2 and a good rate capability (2.61C cm−2 at 30 mA cm−2). Furthermore, the all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor device is also constructed by using P-(Ni,Co)Se 2 NAs and ZIF-8 derived carbon as positive electrode and negative electrode, respectively, which shows a high energy density of 45.0 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 446.3 W kg−1. This work offers new strategies to synthesize transition nickel cobalt selenides for high performance supercapacitor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Record-high ZT of 0.85 at 623 K is achieved in (Cu 3 SbS 3 Se) 0.96 (AgSnSe 2) 0.04 hybrid material. • AgSnSe 2 is innovatively used as p-type narrow-gap nanoinclusions to accelerate carrier mobility. • First-principles DFT calculations are introduced to guide the overall material design. • Single parabolic band model confirms the optimized carrier density and ZT. Due to the eco-friendly and earth-abundant features, p-type Cu 3 SbS 4 -based sulfides have shown great potential as cost-effective thermoelectric materials for practical applications in power generation and refrigeration. However, low electrical conductivities of p-type Cu 3 SbS 4 -based sulfides result in insufficient thermoelectric properties. In this work, a high average ZT of 0.45 and a maximum ZT of 0.85 at 623 K were obtained in Cu 3 SbS 4 -based sulfides through rational electronic and nano/microstructural engineering, achieved by mechanical alloying combined with fast spark plasma sintering techniques. Guided by theoretical calculations, we first study the physical properties of Cu 3 SbS 4- x Se x to explore the best composition (Cu 3 SbS 3 Se) that balances high thermoelectric performance, high thermal stability, and high mechanical performance. Based on this composition, we employed 4 % p-type AgSnSe 2 with a narrow bandgap of ∼0.15 eV to further boost the electrical conductivity of Cu 3 SbS 3 Se, generating a high power factor of 12.65 μW cm−1 K−2 at 623 K. In addition, comprehensive nano/microstructural characterizations indicate that a combination of dense grain boundaries, phase boundaries, and multi-dimensional lattice defects acts as rich sources to intensely scatter multi-frequency phonons, leading to a decreased thermal conductivity of 0.93 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K. This work provides a new route to boost the thermoelectric properties of sulfides for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cyano-functionalized ionic porous organic polymer was synthesized for the first time. • CN-iPOP3 as SPE sorbent displayed exceptional sorption performance for estrogens. • Sorption mechanism was proved to be the synergistic effect of multiple interactions. • A CN-iPOP3 based SPE-HPLC method was developed to assay estrogens in water and milk. Estrogens have been recognized as a class of endocrine disruptors. It is of utmost significance to develop a sensitive analytical method for the reliable determination of estrogen in environmental and food samples. Herein, a series of cyano-functionalized ionic porous organic polymers (CN-iPOPs) were successfully prepared for the first time using (1-imidazolyl)acetonitrile and biphenyl dichlorobenzene as building blocks via Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The optimized CN-iPOPs (CN-iPOP3) displayed exceptional sorption capacity for estrogens, making it an advanced adsorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE) of estrogens. In combination, CN-iPOP3 based SPE with high performance liquid chromatography, a sensitive and reliable method was developed for determination of four estrogens in lake water and milk samples. Under optimal conditions, good linear response was obtained to be 0.09–100.0 ng mL−1 for lake water and 0.90–1000.0 ng mL−1 for milk, with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.03–0.05 ng mL−1 and 0.30–0.70 ng mL−1 respectively. The method recoveries were in the range of 85.0%-119.0% with the relative standard deviations lower than 7.8%. The synergistic effect of electrostatic force, hydrogen bond, π-π stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction was proved to be the main adsorption mechanism. This research provides a promising approach to design iPOP-based adsorbents for effectively enriching or removing organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]