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[Display omitted] • Pentacene is firstly investigated as iodine vapor fluorescent probe. • The interactions between pentacene and iodine are explored. • Pentacene is processed to form homogeneous liquid materials to unleash fluorescent properties. • The pentacene liquid material is equipped with polymer membrane to prepare low-cost and portable detection device. • The application potential, specificity, and stability of the iodine vapor detection device are verified. Materials containing large conjugated structures have good applications prospects in multiple fields due to their electron-rich properties. Nevertheless, the rigid structures of such materials make them difficult to process, making them difficult to be utilized adequately, which limits further development of their performance potentials. Herein, through ionic liquid solution process (ILSP), the electron-rich and fluorescent properties of pentacene have been successfully liberated to detect iodine vapor. Pentacene can be dissolved in BmimNTf 2 to form (Ph) 5 @BmimNTf 2 solution with excellent fluorescence. (Ph) 5 @BmimNTf 2 solution was loaded onto polyamide membranes to prepare composite membrane detectors, which can detect iodine vapors, showing rapid response, portability and low cost. Theoretical calculations indicate a charge-transfer complex is formed between pentacene and iodine. The amount of charge transfer (δQ) between pentacene and iodine monomer molecules can be up to 0.115e. This study provides potential for exploiting the applications of large conjugated materials utilizing ILSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Hierarchical nanoarrays composed of MnCoNi TLDH@CoNi LDH (MCNL@CNL) with enoki-mushroom-like structure are constructed by integrating the structural regions with complementary functions. The MCNL@CNL electrode exhibits ultrahigh specific capacitance (2126.7F/g at 0.5 A/g), and the MCNL@CNL/AC device delivers excellent cycling stability (104.1 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles) and high energy density (51.4 Wh/kg). A feasible concept is supplied to design heterogeneous LDH materials with multi-functional structure for supercapacitor electrodes with balancing high energy density and long durability. • Enoki-mushroom-like MCNL@CNL nanoarrays are successfully constructed. • Integrated functional-regions of MCNL@CNL promote its redox reaction kinetics and conductivity. • Synergistic effect of Mn, Co and Ni ions gives rich redox reactions and fast charge transfer. • The electrode exhibits capacitance of 2126.7F/g at 0.5 A/g and excellent rate capability. • MCNL@CNL//AC asymmetric supercapacitor achieves the energy density of 51.4 Wh/kg. High-performance supercapacitors require elaborate design for electroactive materials with hierarchical structure and multiple components. In the present work, hierarchical nanoarrays composed of MnCoNi LDH@CoNi LDH (MCNL@CNL) with enoki-mushroom-like structure were constructed by integrating the structural regions with complementary functions. The self-assembled electrodes were fabricated upon MCNL@CNL with MnCo LDH@ZIF-67 as precursor and nickel foam as supporter, which achieved a specific capacitance of 2126.7 F/g at 0.5 A/g. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor exhibited the maximum energy density and power density of 51.4 Wh/kg and 7500 W/kg within the voltage range of 0–1.5 V, respectively, and it provided cycling stability with high capacitance retention (104.1%) and Coulombic efficiency (101.1%) after 10,000 cycles. Based on the characterizations results, MCNL@CNL electrode endowed with fast mass transfer, high conductivity and rich electroactive sites was produced, and its induced synergy effect facilitated charge transfer and promoted specific capacitance. Moreover, the hierarchical structure and rough surface of the fabricated MCNL@CNL accelerated the ions/electrons diffusion, and the cross-growing nanosheets on the surface enhanced the affinity. This work provides a novel approach to designing and fabricating self-assembled electrodes with high-performance and lifetime for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiFe-LDH were grown vertically on the surface of BTO which provided more active sites. • t-BTO@NiFe-LDH has excellent OER property due to the self-polarized ferroelectric t-BTO. • Interface tension between BTO and NiFe-LDH made BTO easily self-polarize, causing band tilting. • The superior OER activity results from the active sites and the optimized d-band center. • The design of a ferroelectric OER electrocatalyst based on self-polarization is provided. A flower-like core–shell heterostructured oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst based on tetragonal BaTiO 3 nanoparticles (t-BTO NPs) and NiFe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) nanoarrays was prepared in this study. The influence from the self-polarization effect of t-BTO on the OER performance of NiFe-LDH is reported. Intriguingly, the OER activity of the t-BTO@NiFe-LDH heterojunctions in an alkaline media (1.0 M KOH) exhibited a low overpotential of 186 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and a low Tafel slope of 38.3 mV dec-1, which were far superior to those of the component materials: NiFe-LDH (267 mV and 94.8 mV dec-1) and t-BTO NPs (517 mV and 132.4 mV dec-1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the effective electronic modulation between t-BTO NPs and NiFe-LDH nanoplatelets narrowed the bandgap, promoted the electric conductivity, moderately raised Ed (i.e., energy level of the d-band center), optimized the adsorption ability of the oxygen-containing intermediates (*O, *OH, and *OOH), and induced an apparent reduction in the free energy barrier for the transformation from O* to OOH* in the t-BTO@NiFe-LDH heterojunctions. The PDOS result confirmed that t-BTO in the heterojunctions was easier to polarize, which can cause the rapid electron transfer in the OER process. In these heterostructures, the interface tension between BTO NPs and NiFe-LDH endowed BTO with easier self-polarization, thus leading to greater band tilting and faster electron transfer. Multiple synergistic effects of the flower-like core–shell t-BTO@NiFe-LDH heterojunctions enabled them with higher electrocatalytic activity. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the rational design of a high-efficiency, noble metal-free ferroelectric OER electrocatalyst based on the self-polarization of t-BTO NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The combination of electrospinning and spraying enables the large size preparation of nanomaterials. • The carbon fiber skeleton accelerates the transfer of charge and heat conduction. • Energetic materials with nano-structures have the advantages of high reactivity and high energy density. • The high sensitivity of azides restricts its practical application. • The film structure is easy to process and is suitable for MEMS process. Micro-nano energetic materials generally have advantages such as high reactivity and high energy density due to their special micro-nano structure, but the macroscopic construction of micro-nano energetic materials is the biggest bottleneck hindering their development. In this paper, a layer-by-layer superposition method combining electrospinning and electrospray is proposed. Metal salt microspheres are embedded into nanofibers, and a three-dimensional azide film (3D CA@C and 3D LA@C) is obtained through high-temperature calcination and in situ azide process. Because azide microspheres are evenly dispersed in the carbon skeleton with good thermal and electrical conductivity, and are limited by the frame structure, they are not susceptible to external stimuli, so as to have better sensitivity performance. The electrostatic sensitivity of 3D CA@C increased from 0.05 mJ to 2.72 mJ of raw material, and the flame sensitivity of 3D LA@C increased from 8 cm to 31 cm of raw material. At the same time, the 3D azide films can still maintain good initiation performance and meet the actual initiation requirements. This work gives full play to the advantages of energetic materials with micro-nano structure, and at the same time realizes the construction of macroscopic size of materials. While maintaining its micro-nano characteristics, the film obtained can be easily processed, which is more in line with the requirements of the MEMS process. This provides the latest idea and experience for the preparation of micro and nano energetic materials at the macro scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An SH surface was created on elastomeric substrate by thiol-ene click chemistry. • The SH surface shows ultrahigh adhesive force and good anti-scratching property. • The silanized nano-silica formed the micro-nano structure on the substrate. • The polymerized fluorinated monomer decreased the surface energy of the substrate. • The SH coating was covalently bonded with the elastomer substrate. In this study, a Superhydrophobic (SH) surface with ultrahigh adhesive force and good anti-scratching property was created on elastomeric substrate by thiol-ene click chemistry. The elastomer substrate was prepared by solution mixing of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polar fluorinated monomer, multi-functional thiol, and photoinitiator. Then the silanized nano-silica was simply sprayed on the elastomer substrate to prepare the SH coating. Through UV irradiation, thiol-ene click reaction between multi-functional thiol and double bonds of SBR, fluorinated monomer and silanized nano-silica simultaneously occurs, leading to the crosslinking of SBR, the polymerization of fluorinated monomer, the graft of fluorinated monomer on silanized nano-silica, and the covalently bonding of fluorinated monomer with SBR substrate. As a result, the polymerized fluorinated monomer bonded silanized nano-silica is covalently bonded with the SBR substrate. Meanwhile, the silanized nano-silica forms the micro-nano structure on the substrate and the polymerized fluorinated monomer decreases the surface energy of the substrate. A stabilized SH coating with ultrahigh adhesive force (123 μN) to water was achieved. In addition, the SH surface shows strong interfacial bonding and a good anti-scratching property because of the covalent bonding of SH coating with the SBR substrate. This is a facile, simple and efficient method to fabricate SH coating on the elastomeric substrate, which may open a door to fabricate SH coating on other surfaces and provide more potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A high-performance low-cost energy storage halogenated polymer material is developed. • Increased permittivity caused by fluorophenyl leads to high energy storage density. • High charge trap density caused by halogen groups leads to high cycling efficiency. • Moderate crosslinking structure further deepen the charge traps in dielectrics. Capacitor dielectric films exhibiting high energy storage density and efficiency within a wide operating temperature range are crucial for advancing electrical and electronic devices. The low energy storage density and working temperature as well as the high manufacturing costs of the state-of-the-art BOPP films limit their use as an energy storage unit for developing smart grids or the internet of things, while most of the polymer-based dielectric films reported currently are facing the issues of the rapid efficiency deterioration with the increasing of temperature. In this work, the high energy storage density and efficiency are achieved in the low-cost flexible epoxy films innovatively modified by trifluoro-phenyl group functionalization. Introducing strongly electronegative fluorinated phenyl groups greatly improves the energy storage density due to the increase of the total molecular dipole moment of the polymer film. Meanwhile, achieving the high energy storage efficiency is accomplished via gradually increasing the charge trapping site density of epoxy resins functionalized with different densities of fluorinated phenyl groups, which can be demonstrated through both thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy and the first-principles calculations results. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that deeper charge traps can be obtained in slightly crosslinked trifluoro-phenyl functionalized epoxy films, resulting in an energy storage density of 3.31 J/cm3 and a high energy storage efficiency of 95% at 100 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • KOH was impregnated on rice husk KOH-activated carbon, named as DKOH-AC. • DKOH-AC involved both chemi- and physi-sorption when KOH-AC allowed physi-sorption. • CO 2 adsorption on DKOH-AC followed Freundlich and pseudo second order models. • DKOH-AC adsorbed 2.1 mmol/g in an indoor condition. Relatively high indoor CO 2 concentration (greater than 1000 ppm) has a negative impact on human health. In this work, a cost-effective CO 2 adsorbent (DKOH-AC) was developed by impregnating KOH on rice husk-based KOH activated carbon (KOH-AC, 1439 m2/g). KOH can be successfully loaded on the surface of KOH-AC and significantly changed its surface properties. DKOH-AC still remained a considerable surface area (206 m2/g) and showed a similar S micro /S BET ratio. In-situ FTIR analysis confirmed that the major CO 2 adsorption mechanism of KOH-AC was based on physisorption while that on DKOH-AC involved both chemisorption and physisorption. DKOH-AC showed a higher heat of adsorption (34 ∼ 41 KJ/mol) and gas selectivity (16.6) than these of KOH-AC. KOH-AC quickly reached an adsorption equilibrium (about 50 min) as compared to that of DKOH-AC. In addition, DKOH-AC exhibited an excellent adsorption performance of 2.1 mmol/g for a low concentration of CO 2 (2000 ppm ∼ 500 ppm) under indoor conditions. Both the CO 2 adsorption isotherm on KOH-AC and DKOH-AC well followed the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The CO 2 adsorption kinetics on KOH-AC followed the pseudo-first order model whereas that on DKOH-AC obeyed the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption process was controlled by the intraparticle diffusion combined with the film diffusion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • General method is proposed to spontaneously grow PBA on any conductive substrates. • Potential differences between redox pairs and metal/metal ions induce the growth. • Derived NiFeP/CC exhibits excellent catalytic activities towards both OER and HER. • NiFeP/CC||NiFeP/CC cell shows high activity and stability towards water splitting. Prussian blue analogs (PBA) and their derivatives show great application potentials in energy and environmental fields. However, the preparation of PBA and their derivatives on specific substrates are still far from practical use. Herein, we propose an innovative general and scalable strategy to grow PBA coatings on any conductive substrates including Ni, Co, stainless steel, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Ni/carbon cloth (CC), and FTO with large sizes and high curvatures through spontaneous growth or electrodeposited seeds assisted epitaxial growth in solution. The potential difference between Fe3+/Fe2+ redox pair in the solution and metal ions/metal redox pair of the metal substrate may promote the release of metal ions from the substrate and induce the spontaneous growth. As a demonstration, PBA/Ni/CC samples prepared on Ni/CC substrates with this approach were transformed into nickel iron phosphides (NiFeP/CC) via a simple phosphidation process, which show excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activities towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the unique structures and desirable chemical compositions. It only requires very low overpotentials of 260 mV to achieve 200 mA cm−2 for OER and 129 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for HER, respectively. Furthermore, the NiFeP/CC|| NiFeP/CC couple requires a low cell voltage of 1.57 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 and shows an ultralong lifetime with no obvious degradation after electrolyzing for 300 h, which is much superior to many other reported electrocatalysts. This work provides a facile strategy for designing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts derived from spontaneously grown PBAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The high-stable ionogel electrolyte (PAAm/IL-X) was prepared. • The PAAm/IL-X can be operated in a wide temperature range from 0 °C to 90 °C. • The conductivity of the prepared ionogel was up to 23 mS cm−1 at 90 °C. • The PEDOT/CC electrode displayed excellent electrochemical performance. • The capacitance performance of the device ASSC-X was increased by 5% at 90 °C. Supercapacitors (SCs), a type of energy storage devices, have dragged an attention worldwide due to its high electrochemical performance for various applications. However, the use of liquid electrolyte in SCs spresents several drawbacks on packaging and security. Therefore, the preparation of SCs using solid electrolytes is a feasible method. Here, we report an ionogel electrolyte (PAAm/IL-X) which composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm) network and ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([VMIM][TFSI]). The introduction of ionic liquid ([VMIM][TFSI]) improves the thermal stability and conductivity of the electrolyte. The conductivity of the prepared ionogel is up to 23 mS cm−1 at 90 °C, which still retained 71% even after 20 days at room temperature. It is noted that the thermal decomposition temperature of PAAm/IL-X was above 220 °C. In addition, the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/carbon cloth (PEDOT/CC) electrode prepared by electroplating method exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance can reach 157.8 F g−1, and the capacitance retention rate is 93% after 3000 GCD. All-solid-state supercapacitor (ASSC-X) is assembled using PAAm/IL-X electrolyte and PEDOT/CC electrodes. The energy density of ASSC-X can reach 14.22 Wh kg−1 satisfying the require of energy density for commercial devices. Interestingly, its capacitance performance of the device ASSC-X was increased by 5% at 90 °C. These high electrochemical properties indicate the potential of PAAm/IL-X as an electrolyte/separator for safe SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A waterproof, highly sensitive, and multi-mode sensor was successfully prepared. • The sensor was constructed by 2D MXene nanosheets and 0D silicon nanoparticles. • The multifunctional sensor exhibited excellent sensing and broad sensing ranges. • The dual layers endowed the sensor with waterproof and antifouling performance. Superhydrophobic wearable textile electronics are of great promising devices due to their broad application in healthcare monitoring and artificial intelligence, etc. MXenes, the emerging two‐dimensional (2D) carbides and carbonitrides, are ideal candidates for fabricating wearable electronic devices. However, in an effort to maintain its highly conductive and long-term stability of cotton fabrics under harsh condition, it is an imperative demand to prepare superhydrophobic MXenes-textile sensor. Herein, a waterproof, highly sensitive, and wearable multi-mode sensor was successfully fabricated by the construction of 2D MXene nanosheets and zero-dimension (0D) silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) onto a cotton fibers substrate (MX@SiNPs cotton). The as-cultivated MX@SiNPs cotton exhibited an integration of high-performance sensing toward pression, bending, and torsion, superior sensitivity (S 1 = 12.23 kPa−1), a stable response under press-relaxing cycles, and broad sensing ranges (pressure: 8.8 Pa – 70 kPa, bending: 0 – 180°, torsion: 0 – 628 rad m−1). By virtue of its hierarchical structure and low surface energy of the SiNPs layer, the MXenes-textile sensor can maintain intrinsic conductivity under wet and corrosive conditions. The waterproof and highly sensitive MXene-reinforced cotton fabrics lay a basis for the broad-range application and large-scale preparation of the sensor and prolong its service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The polyurethane elastomers with multiple functions were successfully prepared. • The polyurethane elastomers showed ultrahigh strength and excellent self-healing. • The phosphorus in the network enhanced the flame-retarded performance. Self-healing polymers have drawn significant attention because of their great potential for applications in many fields. It is highly desirable to prepare materials capable of self-healing and with excellent mechanical properties. Additionally, the flammability of polymers make them unsafe during use. A novel strategy is proposed to manufacture a multifunctional polyurethane elastomer with high tensile strength (37.11 ± 1.89 MPa) and excellent self-healing efficiency (91.8%), containing a thermo-reversible crosslinking network and multiple hydrogen interactions. The furan-terminated phosphorus-based monomer, tri(2-furyl) phosphoramide (TFP), was successfully synthesized and then conjugated into a maleimide-terminated linear segmented polyurethane (MPU) backbone to prepare self-healing, recyclable, and flame-retarded polyurethane (MPUF). Due to its synergetic dual reversible bonds, the multifunctional polyurethane elastomer possessed ultrahigh strength, and excellent self-healing, shape recovery, and reprocessing properties. The phosphorus containing polyurethane elastomer exhibited improved thermal stability a limiting oxygen index value of 28.5%, and a 12.3% decrease in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) relative to those of unmodified polyurethane. This work demonstrates an effective strategy to prepare multifunctional polyurethane elastomer with both high self-healing efficiency and excellent mechanical properties allowing application for this material in the fields of fire-control coatings and building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are significant challenges related to practical applications of superhydrophobic materials due to their limited durability, difficult processing conditions, and complicated synthesis procedures. In this study, a facile and novel emulsion composed of nanopartilcles (i.e. SiO 2 or TiO 2 ) and epoxy resin was synthesized to produce superhydrophobic surfaces using spraying, dipping and brushing methods, mimicking ordinary household paints. The obtained superhydrophobic materials had a water contact angle (CA) of ∼152° and a sliding angle (SA) of ∼6° at the room temperature. Interestingly, the emulsion demonstrated a great versatility for application in type of materials and application methods. The hierarchical surface structure fabricated by the emulsion was found to be independent of the substrate type and processing method, resulting in similar water repellent performance among all surfaces obtained. The superhydrophobic surfaces also exhibited excellent durability even after sustaining a series of mechanical damages including finger wiping, tape peeling and sandpaper abrasion. Moreover, they were able to maintain their superhydrophobic performance after immersion in aqueous solutions of pH ranging from 1 to 13 and boiling in water at 100 °C. This study shows that the novel emulsion can be used to fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces using a one-step method that is green, versatile, scalable and independent of operator skill, special equipment, and the type of substrate. It has an excellent promise for real life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ionic liquid Solution Process (ILSP) was employed to prepare ionic covalent organic frameworks. • Strong electrophilic ionic liquid cations have the ability to regulate the iodine adsorption activity of sulfonic sites in COF. • The adsorption kinetics k 80% of optimal COF-Bmim absorbent is 2.69 g·g−1·h−1, an increase of 400 %. • DFT studies reveal a positive correlation between the local polarity of adsorption sites and adsorption performance. The research on the adsorption and conversion of non-polar gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen, iodine, etc.) has attracted global attention. Extensive work has revealed the intuitive impact of the heteroatom effect on the adsorption performance of covalent organic framework (COF) adsorbents for non-polar gases. However, more influencing factors must be studied to more precisely design and construct target-specific COF adsorbents. In this work, an underlying influencing factor, local polarity, is discovered, which is defined as the polarity of the functional moiety. Due to the substitution of strong electrophile, the electron cloud distribution of the COF framework is regulated, and the local polarity that better matches the adsorption of target electrophilic gas (iodine) has been observed. The local polarity of COF has been controlled through several strong electrophilic ionic liquids, dramatically improving adsorption performance. The saturated adsorption capacity increases from 1.5 to 5.2 g·g−1, and the adsorption kinetics index k 80% value increases from 0.51 to 2.69 g·g−1·h−1. The insight would support precise chemical regulation of target-specific COF in energy and environment science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Metal-free ionic hydrogel PAOI B -PTC was well fabricated by physical crosslinking. • Rigid PTC4− acted both as a physical crosslinking agent and an auxiliary group. • PAOI B -PTC exhibited a high tensile strength of 7.34 MPa. • The maximum U(VI) adsorption capacity of PAOI B -PTC was as high as 1008.03 mg g−1. • High U(VI) selectivity was achieved by hydrogen bond and synergistic coordination. Uranium is one of the most important elements in the nuclear industry, and efficient extraction of uranium from the ocean is conducive to the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this work, rigid perylene tetracarboxylate anion (PTC4−) was introduced by physical (non-covalent) crosslinking strategy to obtain metal-free ionic hydrogel PAOI B -PTC. PTC4− not only increased the rigid structure content of ionic hydrogel, but also formed dynamic macrocycle AO-PTC with amidoxime (AO) through hydrogen bonds. Unlike reported heterogeneous additives, PTC4− did not undergo inhomogeneity or shedding. Therefore, PAOI B -PTC exhibited high strength (7.34 MPa), excellent solvent resistance and salinity tolerance. A large number of hydrophilic groups and multistage pore structure endowed PAOI B -PTC with high hydrophilicity, which facilitated U(VI) mass transfer and led to rapid adsorption rates (88.6 mg g−1 h−1, c 0 = 250 ppm). Since the metal-free component enabled more adsorption sites to be utilized, the maximum adsorption capacity of PAOI B -PTC was as high as 1008.03 mg g−1, which exceeded most reported hydrogel-based uranium adsorbents. Experiments and DFT calculations proved that PAOI B -PTC possessed high adsorption selectivity through uranyl recognition via hydrogen bonding and synergistic coordination by supramolecular structure AO-PTC. The low-concentration uranium capture capability and excellent recycling performance demonstrated the practical application potential of PAOI B -PTC. This work provides an idea for the design of metal-free ionic hydrogels with high-strength, and the established PAOI B -PTC is expected to be a candidate material for enhanced uranium extraction from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Leaching of the valuable metals and utilizing carbon residue from spent lithium-ion batteries. • K 2 CO 3 impregnated carbon utilized as an adsorbent for indoor CO 2 capture. • An investigation of the reaction mechanism for CO 2 adsorption on supported K 2 CO 3 under humid condition. • At low CO 2 concentrations, the CO 2 adsorption capacity for K 2 CO 3 /carbon ranged from 5.1 to 7.3 wt% Recycling and reusing the carbon-residues (i.e., graphite), as well as recovering valuable metals by leaching from spent lithium-ion batteries, is environmentally and economically significant. In particular, since a large amount of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will be generated along with the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs), research on recycling carbon-residues from LIB anodes is urgently needed. Herein, the battery powder (BP) was obtained from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) through physical-pyrolysis and sieving. Chemical composition analysis confirmed that the battery used in this work was composed of NCM cathode with high-nickel content and graphite anode material. The average particle size of the obtained BP was 87 μm. In order to obtain the residue having high concentration of carbon, the metal extraction was applied using an HCl solution. As a result, metals (Li, Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cu, and Fe) in the final remnant were found to be less than 2%, and carbon was found to have a purity of 97% or more. The obtained BP was tested as both the adsorbent and support for indoor CO 2 capture. Various activation treatments were examined to enhance the textural properties of BP. BP-K (K 2 CO 2 impregnated BP) adsorbents were prepared, and their CO 2 adsorption performances were evaluated with CO 2 adsorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and 0.1 m 3 chamber (CO 2 IR analyzer) at low CO 2 level (1000–2000 ppm). Through XRD and FT-IR analyses, the adsorption mechanism between K 2 CO 3 and CO 2 under moisture-containing indoor air conditions was confirmed to depend on chemisorption in the following reaction pathway: R1–R3(K 2 CO 3 (s) + H 2 O (g) + CO 2 (g) ⇋ 2KHCO 3 (s) (R1), K 2 CO 3 (s) + 1·.5H 2 O(g) ⇋ K 2 CO 3 ·1·.5H 2 O(s) (R2), K 2 CO 3 ·1·.5H 2 O(s) + CO 2 (g) ⇋ 2KHCO 3 (s) + 0·.5H 2 O(g)(R3)). The adsorption working capacities of the recycled BP-K adsorbents were remained relatively constant during four consecutive cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Studied the co-oxidation effects between sludge and methanol, ethanol or IPA. • Application of DCKM analyses to illustrate the co-oxidation effects. • Developed a DCKM model for supercritical water oxidation of isopropanol. • Ethanol produced the highest amount of HO 2 radicals in the shortest time. • Alcohols inhibited refractory non-nitrogen and nitrogen aromatic products. Abstract Sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment process with high organic and nitrogen contents. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) rates of refractory species in sludge might be accelerated by reactive alcohols, which is referred to as a co-oxidation phenomenon. In this work, influences of three typical reactive alcohols (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) on TOC and of NH 3 –N removal rates of sludge by SCWO were analyzed and their co-oxidation products were characterized by GC–MS, FT–IR, EDS and TG–DTG methods. Additionally, to capture the nature of co-oxidation, HO 2 and OH radicals released by alcohols were theoretically compared with detailed chemical kinetics models using the Chemkin Software. The results show that methanol, ethanol and isopropanol all exhibited co-oxidation accelerated effects on TOC and NH 3 –N removal rates of sludge. One reason was that alcohols provided reactive HO 2 and OH radicals. The other reason was that adding alcohols not only prevented forming recalcitrant products (non-nitrogen and nitrogen aromatic compounds) but also encouraged producing reactive products (non-nitrogen open chain compounds). Ethanol offered the best co-oxidation promotion effects on the removal of TOC and NH 3 –N in the liquid products and also gave the lowest organic contents in the solid products, followed by isopropanol and methanol. This order was consistent with the difficulty of how the alcohols themselves could be oxidized in supercritical water since ethanol could support the highest amount of HO 2 radicals for sludge in the shortest time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Re-doped Ni/SiO 2 catalysts were synthesized for nitriles hydrogenation to primary amines. • The Ni-1.5Re/SiO 2 sample exhibited the best 3-aminopropanol yield (up to 96%). • The atomically dispersed Re species was proved to promote the H 2 dissociation and nitriles activation. • Excellent stability of Ni-1.5Re/SiO 2 catalyst. Hydrogenation of nitriles confronts the challenge between hydrogenation and self-coupling of the intermediates. Here, a high selectivity of more than 96% at a conversion of 100% was achieved on the Ni-Re/SiO 2 catalyst in the 3-hydroxypropionitrile hydrogenation to 3-aminopropan-1-ol, moreover, with an outstanding long-term stability, which were ascribed to the contributive role of Re in facilitating the hydrogen dissociation and intermediates adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• miR-200b/c are critical mechano-responsive miRNAs in PDLSC-Exos. • miR-200b/c determine the osteogenic induction property of PDLSC-Exos. • miR-200b/c inhibited Smurf1 to activate osteogenic differentiation of mandibular BMSCs. • Exos functionalized by miR-200b/c are effective in treatment of alveolar bone defects. Biomechanical stimulation is crucial for the regulation of osteogenesis in the alveolar bone. Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs) are the sensor for mechanical stimulation during orthodontic tooth movement and regulators of alveolar bone remodeling through the paracrine effect. Our previous findings confirmed that tension stimulation on PDLSCs enhanced the osteogenic induction properties of exosomes (Exos). This study aims to explore the mechanism of tension-stimulated PDLSC Exos to regulate osteogenesis and develop a strategy to functionalize Exos for the treatment of bone loss in periodontitis. Here, by comparing the elevated miRNAs in the exosomes (Exos) secreted by the PDLSCs after tension stimulation, we found miR-200 family were mechano-responsive miRNAs in Exos. miR-200b/c carried by Exos secreted by strain Mechanical stimulated PDLSCs can be taken up by human mandibular BMSCs under tension, resulting in a bone-promoting effect. Through bioinformatics target prediction and verification through gain-and loss-of-function assays, we confirmed that miR-200b/c targeted Smurf1 to activate the BMP-Smad signaling pathway and promote osteogenic differentiation of mandibular BMSCs. Finally, a rat model of alveolar bone defect was applied to evaluate the therapeutic effect of functionalized Exos on bone formation in vivo. Histological analysis confirmed that miR-200b/c functionalized Exos could efficiently promote the repair of alveolar bone defects, suggesting a novel therapeutic for inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamellar octahedral ceria (LOC) was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The catalyst properties of Pd-supported on the as-synthesized LOC material for low-concentration methane oxidation and reaction kinetics were also investigated. The structure and morphology of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen ad/desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction techniques. As-synthesized ceria has octahedral morphology and surface-stepped microstructures, and this unique structural CeO 2 exposes (1 1 0) crystal planes superior to general (1 1 1) facet in catalyst. The results show that LOC-supported Pd catalyst exhibits excellent low-temperature activity and stability by optimizing Pd loadings. The properties are further enhanced by introducing guest metal into the LOC material and the advantage of the Zr-modified LOC-supported Pd catalyst was confirmed by kinetic study. The optimum catalyst maintains high low-temperature activity and stability under various gas hourly space velocities, suggesting it has promising application in complete oxidation of low-concentration methane for different flow rates of ventilation air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recent progress in the catalytic thermochemical conversion processes are reviewed. • Potential of biomass as a biofuel for renewable energy applications is addressed. • Use of catalyst in gasification can reduce reaction time and increase gas yield. • Activity and stability of the catalyst should be overcome for bio-oil production. • Optimization of process and reactor design needs to be also considered. This review paper introduces various biomasses (e.g., agricultural, woody biomass waste) used in thermochemical conversion processes, including gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction. The recent advances and progress in catalytic thermochemical conversion technologies are analyzed. In particular, the role of catalysts in different reactors on the major products (bio-oil and syngas) is discussed with respect to the product yield and property. Various catalytic reaction mechanisms during the thermochemical conversion reaction are discussed to explain the conditions to enhance the desired pyrolysis product quality. Furthermore, different types of reactors for each thermochemical process are reviewed. Further processing technologies using biomass pyrolytic bio-oil products are also introduced. Finally, this review paper presents the related challenges and opportunities encountered in thermochemical conversion processes to understand better the future of thermochemical conversion processes in biorefineries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A proposed bubble entrapment model predicted the chance of granule interception. • Criterion density for granule calcification was defined as 1.10 × 103kg/m3. • Stratified sludge blanket patterns and their formation mechanism were discussed. Granular sludge is the basic unit of anaerobic granular systems, and the hydrodynamics of the sludge blanket is significantly governed by the granule characteristics. Although trapped bubble was one of the reasons to trigger granule floatation, until now, consensus has not been reached about the impact of bubble-entrapment on granule behavior and their spatial distribution in granular system. Besides, anaerobic granular sludge subjected to calcium-rich wastewater usually faced serious operational problems, leading to granule deactivation and sludge bed cementation. Bubble entrapment and calcium precipitation in granule change particle characteristics in opposite ways. In this study, a bubble entrapment model was proposed to infer the granule floatability based on the force balance between bubble-induced buoyancy and calcium precipitation-induced gravity. The results of the stratified sludge bed characterization conducted in two full-scale anaerobic reactors clearly present their diversified granule features in the vertical direction. The result shows that the lower boundary density for calcified granule was 1.10 × 103 kg/m3 and the most dynamic granules had a density ranged from 1.10 to 1.20 × 103 kg/m3. The comparative analysis of AnGS fluidization behavior and spatial distribution confirmed the reliability of the probabilistic prediction model of theoretical granule interception. Overall, these results contribute to an educated assumption into the understanding of the impact of granule density variation caused by biogas production and calcification on the formation of stratified sludge bed structure in anaerobic granular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kind of coordination polymer nanoparticles was facily prepared using Fe(II) and GMP as the motifs through a coordination-driven self-assembly process. The resultant Fe-GMP CPNs show excellent peroxidase-like activity via the conversion of H 2 O 2 into OH, accompanied by high antibacterial efficiency. GOX could be adaptively encapsulated into Fe-GMP CPNs, and the proposed GOX@Fe-GMP CPNs functioned as an enzyme cascade model with a glucose-responsive property in OH production, with excellent antibacterial and wound disinfection efficiency under physiological conditions. [Display omitted] • Self-assemblied coordination polymer nanoparticles were prepared using Fe(II) and GMP. • The Fe-GMP CPNs show excellent peroxidase-like activity through OH production. • The Fe-GMP CPNs indicated high antibacterial efficiency for E. coli and S. aureus. • The prepared GOX@Fe-GMP CPNs functioned as an enzyme cascade model in OH production. • GOX@Fe-GMP CPNs have excellent antibacterial and wound disinfection efficiency. The intelligent regulation of reactive oxygen species by nanozymes and the corresponding cascade catalysis hold great potential as a promising next-generation therapeutic methodology. However, the preparation of nanozymes usually involves high material consumption and tedious multistep processes, especially during the packaging of several functional components to realize the enzyme cascade. Here, we propose a facile strategy to prepare the coordination polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) using ferrous ions as the iron source and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) as the supramolecular motif. The resultant Fe-GMP CPNs show excellent peroxidase-like activity via the conversion of H 2 O 2 into highly active OH, accompanied by high antibacterial efficiency, as well as high encapsulation capacity to simultaneously immobilize guest components through an adaptive self-assembly process. Typically, glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulation endows as-prepared GOX@Fe-GMP CPNs with glucose-responsive properties, so that glucose can be ultimately converted into OH via intermediate H 2 O 2. This convenient cascade catalysis system not only possesses excellent antibacterial efficiencies, inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by 99% and significantly promoting wound healing in the absence of additional H 2 O 2 , but also has great application potential in the fields of biocatalysis and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multi-functional redox catalysts for naphtha oxy-cracking with air separation. • Up to 75% olefin yield was achieved along with high (C 3 = + C 4 =)/C 2 = ratios. • The redox catalysts facilitate autothermal olefin production with high productivity. • The acidity of zeolite is the key to tune product distributions. This study reports a highly effective redox catalyst platform, i.e. composites of metal-exchanged ZSM5 and CaMn 0.75 Fe 0.25 O 3 @Na 2 WO 4 , for "low temperature" (<650 °C) redox oxidative cracking (ROC) of naphtha using a cyclohexane model compound. TEM-EDX showed that Na 2 WO 4 shell covers the CaMn 0.75 Fe 0.25 O 3 bulk and the zeolite + CaMn 0.75 Fe 0.25 O 3 @Na 2 WO 4 composite can achieve autothermal conversion of cyclohexane under a cyclic redox scheme by selective oxidation of by-product H 2 to H 2 O. Meanwhile, NH 3 -TPD and pyridine FTIR experiments confirmed that the Brönsted acidity of ZSM5 was primarily responsible for cyclohexane activation. Compared to each catalyst component alone, the synergistic effect of the composite redox catalysts resulted in substantially higher olefin yield (up to 75%), lower alkane yield (~5%), lower aromatic yield (~10%), and higher lattice oxygen utilization (up to 4 wt. cat %). Based on TGA-DSC experiments and ASPEN Plus analysis, the multi-functional redox catalysts facilitate autothermal conversion of cyclohexane with high lattice oxygen utilization from the redox catalysts. Due to the highly effective redox catalysts performance and the ease for heat integration, the novel ROC process has the potential for more energy-efficient light olefins production with significantly reduced CO 2 emissions when compared to naphtha steam cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The magnetic nanocluster possessed both superior magnetization and superparamagnetism. • The chimeric membrane integrated diverse membrane functions, remedying the defects from single membrane. • The enzymolysis by hyaluronidase was strengthened through membrane fluidity. • The silence of HIF-1 not only inhibited tumor growth but also ameliorated chemoresistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays a critical role in tumor development and chemotherapy resistance, and suppression of HIF-1 has emerged as a captivating antitumor approach. To efficiently silence HIF-1 in deep hypoxic tumors, we herein developed a versatile small interfering RNA delivery system that could overcome multiple physiological barriers. The system is comprised of an Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanocluster as the core, pre-engineered chimeric membrane for the cloak, and decorated hyaluronidase on the surface, which succeeded in prolonged circulation time, magnetic resonance imaging guidance, magnetic tumor accumulation, hypoxic site penetration, homotypic tumor targeting, and cytoplasmic trafficking. Such versatile and programmed delivery performance enabled the engineered magnetosomes to achieve the remarkable silencing of HIF-1, potent therapeutic effect and chemoresistance amelioration with few abnormalities, showing a promising modality for anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• O 3 /PMS-UBAF efficiently treated BCPMW. • DOM was mainly removed by O 3 /PMS and UBAF. • Biodegradation rate of DOM was increased after O 3 /PMS oxidation. • O 3 /PMS presented reactivity selectivity. The advanced treatment of biotreated Chinese patent medicine wastewater (BCPMW) was urgently necessitated to meet the strictest wastewater discharge standard. In the present study, combined ozone/peroxymonosulfate oxidation and upflow biological aerated filter process (O 3 /PMS-UBAF) significantly integrated advantages of O 3 /PMS oxidation and UBAF, and has been demonstrated to be very effective in the advanced treatment of BCPMW. For dissolved organic matter (DOM) in BCPMW, O 3 /PMS oxidation efficiently degraded higher molecular weight (MW) fractions and non-biodegradable fractions. In addition, O 3 /PMS oxidation not only increased the overall removal of DOM but also enhanced the biodegradation rate of DOM. Therefore, the beneficial effect of O 3 /PMS oxidation may mainly be due to the special effect of increased biodegradability and the generalized effect on DOM. Finally, the results also indicated that compared with UBAF alone, O 3 /PMS-UBAF not only promoted the removal of low MW fractions (<3kDa) but also inhibited the formation of higher MW fractions (3–10 kDa) that was generated by UBAF alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]