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This study presents a self-powered humidity sensor that utilizes the moisture-electric generation effect, with nanostructured silicon serving as the sensing element. The surface area of the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is significantly increased due to their oriented nanochannel structure, while their superior electrical conductivity enables a strong dependence of the output voltage on humidity. The sensor shows quick response/recovery times (∼0.10 s/∼0.17 s), ultra-high sensitivity, and a broad detection range (3.94 mV/1% for 50–95% RH/1.13 mV/1% for 0–50% RH). Furthermore, a wearable sensor structure is proposed that can distinguish between different respiration styles, recognize different language instructions, and facilitate non-contact human–machine interaction. The elaborate self-powered humidity sensor proposed in our work could as well potentially be exploited for establishing wearable and integrated health monitoring platforms in the future. [Display omitted] • Successfully developed a moisture generation device utilizing silicon nanowires (SiNWs) material which exhibits a significant voltage-current response to changes in humidity. • The SiNWs humidity sensor boasting a broad detection range of approximately 10–95%, high sensitivity of 2.70 mV/1%, and rapid response and recovery times of 0.10 s and 0.17 s, respectively. • The versatile nature of the SiNWs device allows it to be utilized as a self-powered wearable respiratory monitoring system and non-contact human–machine interface. • The silent speech recognition system utilizing the SiNWs device opens up new communication channels for individuals with aphasia. Humidity sensors have been widely applied in health management, including respiration monitoring and non-contact sensing for human–machine interaction. Nevertheless, most existing monitoring systems hinging on moisture-sensitive materials require an additional external power source. In addition, the inferior sensitivity and long response/recovery time of the sensors still hinder their desirable healthcare applications. Here, we developed a self-powered humidity sensor built on the moisture-directly triggered electricity generation (MEG) effect, where silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWs) function as the sensing element, exhibiting an ultrafast response to humidity changes with high-level sensitivity. Humidity gradients induce charge directional transport in SiNWs nanochannels, directly actuating electricity signals generation without any additional power units for sensing. The enlarged surface area, oriented nanochannel structure, and superior electrical conductivity of SiNWs facilitate a robust dependence of the output voltage on humidity, enabling the sensor with quick response/recovery (∼0.10 s/∼0.17 s), ultra-high sensitivity, and broad detection range (3.94 mV/1% for 50–95% RH /1.13 mV/1% for 0–50% RH). Furthermore, we designed a smart respiratory monitoring system that can extract various respiration patterns and distinguish different language commands. We also constructed a non-contact human–machine interface leveraging the SiNWs sensor that can effectively disrupt virus propagation and bacterial infection. The elaborate self-powered humidity sensor proposed in our work could as well potentially be exploited for establishing wearable and integrated health monitoring platforms in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The synergism on co-pyrolysis of polyethylene and lignin is promoted by pressure. • Radical mass transfer efficiency is regulated by pressure and raw material ratio. • Pressure helps to inhibit coke by promoting radical transfer and water release. • Aromatics with smaller steric hindrance are easier to alkylate and polycondensate. Ex-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of plastic and biomass to aromatics has been extensively investigated, simultaneously, aromatization have been reported to be promoted under pressure, but available research did not discuss the combined effect of catalytic co-pyrolysis and pressure on aromatics production. In this work, ex-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of polyethylene and lignin over HZSM-5 under a series of pressure (0.1–0.8 MPa) in a Py-GC/MS system was investigated. We show that pressurized operation during co-pyrolysis of polyethylene and lignin leads to a large increase in BTEX relative yield while maintaining catalyst stability. A very high BTEX relative yield of 70.94% can be achieved at temperature of 650 °C, pressure of 0.5 MPa, polyethylene to lignin ratio of 1:1, and catalyst to raw material ratio of 4:1. Ratio of two raw materials significantly affects efficiency of hydrogen radicals-mass transfer by regulation of hydrogen radical emission and reception. A peak value of BTEX relative yield of 70.27% was obtained at a polyethylene to lignin ratio of 4:3. Among BTEX, benzene and toluene are more prone to alkylate and polycondensate into highly branched and polycyclic aromatics, due to a lower steric hindrance. Hydrogen radicals-mass transfer has a significant effect on BTEX production, and mass transfer efficiency can be regulated by appropriate pressure and raw materials ratios. Meanwhile, pressurized operation has a dual positive effect on coke inhibition via promoting hydrogen radicals-mass transfer and water release, such that catalyst stability and BTEX production are promoted. This study offers new insight into efficient production of BTEX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]