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[Display omitted] • Gliadin-shielded AgNPs nanoparticles (Gliadin@AgNPs) were developed successfully. • Gliadin@AgNPs have potent, last-term, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. • Gliadin@AgNPs could eliminate 6.7-log MRSA at ultralow Ag content (0.125 ppm). • Gliadin@AgNPs were used to design antimicrobial protein porous materials for the first time. • Antimicrobial protein porous materials promoted HaCaT cell adhesion and proliferation. The accelerated rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains presents a significant challenge to both global health and the economy. Although silver-based materials have already been successfully developed in dealing with the infections of drug-resistant bacteria, there has been much controversy over the applications of them because the waste silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potentially harmful to humanity and the environment. To address this issue, gliadin@AgNPs hybrid nanoparticles with ultralow minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were designed via growing AgNPs on amphiphilic gliadin molecule, followed by co-assembly-induced nanoencapsulation of AgNPs. The highly monodispersed gliadin nanoparticles (∼120 nm) infused with ultrasmall AgNPs (2–3 nm) were synthesized successfully. This strategy protected AgNPs from aggregation and fast oxidation, exerted programmed release profiles. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrate the hybrids could kill a broad-spectrum bacteria at an ultralow Ag equivalent, with MBCs of 0.0312 and 0.125 μg/mL for E. coli and MRSA, respectively. More importantly, its MBC against E. coli below the safety threshold established by the WHO for drinking water (0.1 ppm). Using the hybrid nanostructure as building blocks, we fabricated unprecedented protein-based antimicrobial porous materials for the first time through Pickering HIPEs templates, which was characterized by the formation of gliadin@AgNPs-decorated nanostructures on the pore wall of porous materials. They have a complex interlaced tubular porous structure with over 96 % porosity, presenting programmed release behavior of Ag+, and were able to inhibit the growth of tested bacteria at concentrations that did not affect the viability of HaCaT human cells, confirming that hierarchical nanomaterials possess valid antibacterial activity within the cellular viability concentration range. Particularly, the antimicrobial protein porous material promoted HaCaT cell adhesion and proliferation within its hierarchical nanostructure. This work provides new insights into the rational design of advanced gliadin@AgNPs as a potent antibacterial nanoplatform with a much smaller environmental impact and health concerns and a building block for constructing protein-based porous materials with outstanding antimicrobial performance and biocompatibility for emerging applications in catalysis, tissue engineering, and environmental engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Discovery of a new indirect bandgap phosphorus-based 2 D materials with a super photothermal conversion efficiency of 68.6 %. • Multimodal-imaging-Guided drug delivery of GeP nanosheets based platform for cancer. • GeP nanosheets based platform with excellent biodegradation and biocompatibility. • Stimulative responsive drug releasing and tumor inhibition of the GeP nanosheets based hybrid platform. Germanium phosphide (GeP), a new member of phosphorus-based 2D materials, is a semiconductor with indirect and narrowed band gap, which theoretically would have great potential to serve as near-infrared (NIR) photothermal agent (PTA) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE). However, the photothermal conversion performance and biomedical application of GeP-based nanocarriers has not been explored yet. Herein, we demonstrate the GeP nanosheets as high-performance PTA with PTCE of 68.6% in NIR region, which is much higher than many of other 2D PTA such as graphene, Mxenes, transition metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorus (BP), and explore its application in multimodal cancer theranostics. Similar to BP nanosheets, the GeP nanosheets are biodegradable with excellent biocompatibility. With the merit of large specific surface area, the GeP nanosheets have high loading capacity (134 wt%) for anticancer drug Doxorubicin (DOX). The NH 2 -PEG-FA modified GeP-DOX hybrids show pH-responsive, heat-stimulative and sustained-drug-release performance as chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy platform, and demonstrate remarkable tumor ablation ability both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, multimodal imaging capability including photoacoustic imaging and photothermal imaging is also realized on basis of the excellent photothermal performance of GeP nanosheets. This study highlights the great promise of 2D GeP nanosheets as multifunctional platform for cancer theranostics application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A model for particle breakup was developed by considering deformation properties. • Contribution of effective turbulent eddies to total breakage rate was clarified. • M-shaped and Λ-shaped daughter size distribution were obtained. This work explores the mechanism of bubble and droplet breakup caused by turbulence in turbulent dispersions. Considering the deformation properties of the particle during the particle-eddy interaction process, a breakup model for bubbles and droplets of the Taylor length scale size is developed. The particle-eddy interaction frequency is modeled based on bubbles/droplets interacting with both larger and smaller eddies, in contrast with the usual collision frequency. Breakup criteria are demonstrated to depend on the degree of surface deformation prior to breakup. The relationship between the local characteristics of surrounding flows, such as the turbulent eddies' variance and dissipation rate and the breakage rate as well as the daughter size distribution is then established and quantified. In particular, the contribution of turbulent eddies to the total breakage rate is clarified. This work provides a further understanding of breakup observations in complex turbulent fields and offers a more fundamental breakup kernel for the population balance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]