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[Display omitted] • The hydrogen storage energy consumption and density were investigated at 400℃-900℃. • The structural evolution of reduction from magnetite to iron was obtained. • The relationship between formation of dense iron layer and wüstite was revealed. • The optimal hydrogen storage temperature was 550℃. Thermochemical hydrogen storage technology based on iron-based materials has received significant attention owing to its low cost, safety features, and high volumetric hydrogen storage density. However, no consensus has been established on the optimal temperature range for hydrogen storage. This study investigated the impact of hydrogen storage temperature on hydrogen consumption capacity, hydrogen release capacity, and hydrogen storage energy consumption. The hydrogen storage temperature was optimized with the objectives of low energy consumption and high hydrogen storage density. The experiments were conducted using thermogravimetric analyzer and gram-scale packed-bed reactor setups, accompanied by thermodynamic and kinetic calculations. The research indicated that at 550 °C, the optimal hydrogen storage temperature, the lowest relative energy demand was 32.30 %, with the hydrogen consumption capacity reaching the theoretical maximum value of 4.8 %, and the hydrogen release capacity reaching 4.04 %. Furthermore, achieving the theoretical maximum value of hydrogen consumption capacity became exceedingly difficult when the hydrogen storage temperature exceeded 570 °C. Microstructural characterization and kinetic calculations revealed that this phenomenon was attributed to the formation of a dense iron layer on the particle surface, which impeded the solid-state diffusion of oxygen atoms. The formation of the intermediate phase wüstite was identified as the cause of the formation of the dense iron layer. Overall, this study provided theoretical support for iron-based thermochemical hydrogen storage processes and offered a perspective into the reaction behavior of the reduction of magnetite with hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The impact of H 2 S on chemical looping hydrogen production was investigated. • Oxygen carriers form FeS 2 , Fe 7 S 8 , and FeS as main sulfides reacting with H 2 S. • More severe sulfur accumulation occurs in the bulk of the oxygen carrier particles. • Temperature governs the release of H 2 S during hydrogen production. Chemical looping hydrogen production process is a promising technology for producing low-carbon hydrogen from various fossil and biogenic energy sources. However, the typical contaminant in feedstock, hydrogen sulfide, has a potential influence on the process. Herein, this study investigated the influence of hydrogen sulfide on the chemical looping hydrogen production process. Results show that the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the fuel reduces the reaction performance of the oxygen carrier because sulfur is deposited in the oxygen carrier during the reduction stage to produce iron sulfide species (FeS 2 , Fe 7 S 8 and FeS). Then the iron sulfide is converted to hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide during the hydrogen production and air oxidation stage, respectively. H 2 production temperature is an important factor in controlling the production of hydrogen sulfide, which will not be produced at temperature below 710 °C. In addition, the air oxidation regeneration step ensures that sulfur does not accumulate in the oxygen carrier, thus improving the cycle stability of the oxygen carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three commercially thermoplastic polymers were explored as functional binders. • Versatility of PPCLA for solvent-free manufacturing cathodes has been demonstrated. • The LFP dry cathode using PPCLA as binder had high areal loading up to 57 mg cm−2. • The lithium-ion battery with high areal loading achieved good cycling stability. To achieve high energy density lithium-ion battery depends on high area load of the active material in the cathode. However, it is challenging to attain high loading of active material by traditional wet coating method due to large amount of organic solvent used. A solvent-free manufacturing cathode that take advantages of viscous flow polymer binder under shearing force of ball-milling to bind the active materials and the conductive carbon uniformly on the current collector is an environment-friendly alternative and has attracted increasing attention. Herein, a solvent free manufacturing LiFeO 4 cathode with thermoplastic polymer poly(lactide-co-propylene carbonate) as functional binder has high area loading up to 57 mg/cm2 of active material, and the battery assembled with such a LiFeO 4 cathode and lithium metal anode can release a specific capacity of 135.5 mAh/g at 0.2C. In addition, the cathode using poly(propylene carbonate) or polycaprolactone functional binder can also be loaded with 40 mg/cm2 of active material, which expands the variety of binders for solvent free manufacturing electrodes. Solvent free manufacturing electrodes with such functional binders are expected to break through the technical bottleneck of lithium-ion battery with high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Control synthesis of the UCNPs and Au 2 O 3 nano-carrier has been achieved. • The Au 2 O 3 decompose and release oxygen through the upconversion and FRET effect. • The therapeutic effect of as-loaded Ce6 can be promoted by the released oxygen. • The activation of the Ce6 and oxygen release can be conducted upon single NIR light. Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows great potential in anti-cancer therapy. The efficiency of PDT is greatly limited by the hypoxia environment in tumors. However, current methods developed to conquer this problem did not accurately produce oxygen for PDT of a certain amount and in a certain position, which could bring a potential risk to normal cells and tissues. Here, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold oxide (Au 2 O 3) were integrated to prepare an efficient, self-supported, oxygen generation nano-platform in a hypoxia environment. Upon a near-infrared (NIR) laser, Au 2 O 3 could produce oxygen assisted by UCNPs through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. This light-controlled, self-supported oxygen generation system effectively provided oxygen for the as-loaded photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) in PDT upon NIR irradiation, which enhanced the inhibition effect of the tumor cells, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The present strategy of light-induced, oxygen-producible promoted PDT may solve the long-standing contradiction between the oxygen-dependent working mechanism of PDT and hypoxia microenvironments in tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of 4 typical pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), i.e. clofibric acid (CFA), triclosan (TCS), carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) in sewage sludge was investigated during anaerobic digestions (ADs) under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The performances of ADs were enhanced with ultrasonic, mechanical rotary disc or enzymatic treatments. Ultrasonic pre-treatment could enhance the performances on the removal of PhACs better than ultrasonic post-treatment. CFA, TCS, CBZ, and DCF were finally reduced by 73%, 76%, 73%, and 64%, respectively, during thermophilic AD (TAD) combined with ultrasonic pre-treatment for 30 min at sound energy density 0.05 W/mL at SRT 15 d. For ADs combined with rotary disc pre-treatment or post-treatment, the removal of PhACs would be improved by less than 10%. Three selected enzymes, papain, cellulose and lysozyme showed different effects on the removal of PhACs during ADs. TCS could obtain the best removal, which was up to 82% and 81% in mesophilic AD (MAD) and TAD processes enhanced with lysozyme at SRT 15 d. On the whole, the increases on SRTs would improve the removal of PhACs during ADs and also the enhancement with enzymolyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel human corneal tissue preservative system of nutrient capsule, which simulates the human tear film homeostasis for the three-dimensional preservation of corneal tissue. In vitro , the nutrient capsule prolonged the storage time and maintained the structural integrity, transparency, and cellular activity of human corneal lenticules. Furthermore, the corneal lenticules preserved by the capsules were safe and effective after human corneal lenticule transplantation. [Display omitted] • A novel human corneal lenticules preservative system of nutrient capsule. • Maintaining the fiber density, transparency, and cellular activity of lenticules. • Lenticules preserved by capsules were safe for human allogeneic transplantation. • Nutrient capsule provides a new approach for other living tissues preservation. Corneal lenticule transplantation can be applied in the correction of refractive errors and various corneal diseases. However, current techniques to preserve cornea are limited due to their short preservation time and the structures and optical retention of cornea tissues. Inspired by the composition of the natural human tear film, a nutrient hydrogel capsule that could maintain the homeostasis of tear film was constructed for preserving human corneal lenticules in this study. The nutritional preservation solution containing sodium alginate was coordinated with calcium ions by rapid diffusion to form a stereoscopic capsule, in which chondroitin sulfate interacted with the corneal lenticule surface electrostatically to form a lubricating layer for three-dimensional preservation and nutritional supply. The light transmittance, cell activity, and collagen fiber density of human corneal lenticules after mid-term preservation in nutrient capsules were higher than those traditional preservation methods. Furthermore, after human allogeneic transplantation, the implanted lenticules remained transparent without displacement or graft rejection, and the corrected distance visual acuity increased by two or more lines in 70% of the patients' operated eyes after surgery. Nutrient capsules could provide not only a simple, safe, and controlled strategy for three-dimensional preservation, but also new approach for other living tissues preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is a fast, effective and highly selective method for chemical separation, extraction and water treatment. However, an effective and economic method for demulsification after extraction process without changing the oil phase chemistry is still a great challenge, which restricts the commercial application of ELM. Hereby, for the first time, we reported a W/O/W Pickering emulsion liquid membrane (PELM) system in which the internal water in oil emulsion can be simply demulsified by magnetic or centrifugation force without causing obvious change in oil phase chemistry. Practically, we selected 4-methoxyphenol as extracting target in this report, and its extraction efficiency of over 86% was achieved by using surface modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle as the emulsifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The modified silver nanoparticles can be used to detect viruses with SERS. • The modified silver nanoparticles can obtain better fingerprint and stability. • The cost is lower than other detection methods at the same detection sensitivity. • Principal component analysis can identify these three viruses within 1–2 min. Nearly 200 million people have been diagnosed with COVID-19 since the outbreak in 2019, and this disease has claimed more than 5 million lives worldwide. Currently, researchers are focusing on vaccine development and the search for an effective strategy to control the infection source. This work designed a detection platform based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) by introducing acetonitrile and calcium ions into the silver nanoparticle reinforced substrate system to realize the rapid detection of novel coronavirus. Acetonitrile may amplify the calcium-induced hot spots of silver nanoparticles and significantly enhanced the stability of silver nanoparticles. It also elicited highly sensitive SERS signals of the virus. This approach allowed us to capture the characteristic SERS signals of SARS-CoV-2, Human Adenovirus 3, and H1N1 influenza virus molecules at a concentration of 100 copies/test (PFU/test) with upstanding reproduction and signal-to-noise ratio. Machine learning recognition technology was employed to qualitatively distinguish the three virus molecules with 1000 groups of spectra of each virus. Acetonitrile is a potent internal marker in regulating the signal intensity of virus molecules in saliva and serum. Thus, we used the SERS peak intensity to quantify the virus content in saliva and serum. The results demonstrated a satisfactory linear relationship between peak intensity and protein concentration. Collectively, this rapid detection method has a broad application prospect in clinical diagnosis of viruses, management of emergent viral infectious diseases, and exploration of the interaction between viruses and host cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Combine kinase-inhibiting therapeutics with immunotherapy to amplify anticancer efficacy. • Carrier-free nanoparticles based on PI3K inhibitor ZSTK were prepared. • Hybridized biomimetic nanoparticles displayed specific targeting ability and significant anticancer efficacy. • Nanosystem is designed to target macrophage in the microenvironment. Overactivation of PI3K signaling has been identified in prostate cancer. ZSTK is an effective pan-PI3K inhibitor, but it was withdrawn from early-phase clinical trials because of its poor solubility, on-target/off-tumor toxicity, and recruitment and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Indomethacin (IND) reduces the polarization of TAMs, increases the proinflammatory macrophage (M1 phenotype) ratio in the tumor microenvironment, and enhances the immune response in tumor cells. Herein, we developed ZSTK carrier-free nanoparticle (ZNP)-loaded biomimetic hybrid indomethacin liposomes (I@Lip) with PC3 cell membranes (termed ZNPs/I@CML). ZNPs/I@CML displayed amplified synergistic therapeutic effects on zebrafish and nude mouse PC3 xenograft models. Their homologous targeting ability can deliver ZSTK to tumor tissue and elicit effective antiproliferative effects on PC3 cancer cells. Meanwhile, the released IND improved the immunosuppressive microenvironment, inducing immunological activation against cancer cells. Additionally, ZNPs/I@CML did not cause liver toxicity compared with other treatment groups, as shown by histological analysis, suggesting their improved safety. Our data demonstrate that biomimetic hybrid liposome-coated carrier-free nanoparticles are a promising nanoplatform for amplifying the antitumor efficacy of kinase-inhibiting therapeutics with immunotherapy, but more preclinical and clinical evidence is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CNC was employed as Pickering emulsifier due to excellent emulsifying ability. • PCM microcapsule with MF shell was prepared via Pickering emulsion polymerization. • The core material content of PW microcapsules is as high as 87%. • PCM microcapsules possess a retention rate of 99.7% after 200 heating–cooling scans. • PCM microcapsules with MF shell are self-extinguishing and flame-retardant. Thermal energy storage technology based on phase change materials (PCMs) is promising for temperature regulation and thermal energy storage. However, the applications of organic PCMs are hindered from their leakage issue. Encapsulating PCMs in microcapsules with polymer shell could effectively prevent the leakage of PCMs and enhance heat conduction. Herein, PCM microcapsules with melamine–formaldehyde resin (MF) as shell were prepared via cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) stabilized Pickering emulsion in-situ polymerization. CNCs were chosen as emulsifiers of Pickering emulsion and reinforcing nanofillers of MF shell due to their outstanding emulsifying ability, mechanical strength, and sustainability. Paraffin wax (PW) and n-octadecane (C 18) were employed as PCMs, respectively. The prepared PCM microcapsules are in diameter of 4 μm with a tunable thickness of MF shell. The phase change enthalpy of PW and C 18 microcapsules are as high as 164.8 and 185.1 J/g, corresponding to PCM core material content of 87.0 and 84.3%, respectively. PCM microcapsules are stable below 200 ℃ and display a retention rate of the phase change enthalpy reach up to 99.7% after 200 cycles of heating–cooling. Moreover, the PCM microcapsules are self-extinguishing due to the flame-retardant properties of MF shell. The promising applications of PCM microcapsules in the field of temperature regulation were also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PDMS model was systematically validated by experiment and kinetic analysis. • Si-C bond cleavage and followed cyclization reactions drive PDMS pyrolysis. • Pathways to gaseous, liquid, and solid pyrolysis products are uncovered. • Heightened Si-C BDEs across various silicone rubbers contributes to thermal stability of PDMS. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) serves as a widely used silicone polymer in ablative thermal protection material. Nevertheless, the intricate degradation mechanism governing PDMS at ultra-high temperatures remains unclear. Herein, PDMS pyrolysis was in-depth investigated by employing a combination of experimental methodologies and ReaxFF molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulations. PDMS model was firstly validated by product distribution analysis and kinetics analysis. Molecular reaction tracking unveils that the pyrolysis pathway primarily is triggered by the cleavage of the Si-C bond, leading to cyclization reactions and fractures within the Si-O framework at elevated temperatures. The pathways leading to the formation of gaseous, liquid, and solid products during thermal cracking are systematically unveiled. Drawing from these insights, DFT calculations reveal Si-C bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of 98.8, 102.2, and 108.2 kcal/mol for Si-CH 3 , Si-C 2 H 3 , and Si-C 6 H 5 , respectively. MD simulations further indicate that the heightened Si-C BDEs across various silicone rubbers impede their decomposition, thereby augmenting the thermal stability of the material. This study augments our comprehension of the PDMS pyrolysis mechanism and offers theoretical insights for enhancing its thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carrier-free nanoparticles based on digoxin and doxorubicin were prepared. • Biomimetic delivery system was constructed by cell membrane coating nanotechnology. • Co-delivery of DNA damage repair inhibitor and DNA damaging agent was achieved. • Biomimetic delivery system enhanced cancer therapy efficacy and reduced toxicity. We previously reported that digoxin could enhance the antitumor effect of the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin by inhibiting DNA damage repair (DDR). Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic window, and doxorubicin often causes toxicity in organs such as the liver and heart. Therefore, we recently designed a biomimetic carrier-free nanoparticle system containing digoxin and doxorubicin to increase the antitumor efficacy further while reducing side effects, via specifically targeting tumor cells. In this system, the DDR inhibitor digoxin and the DNA damage agent doxorubicin were combined to formulate carrier-free nanoparticles (DDNPs), which were further embedded into the NSCLC cell line A549 cell membrane camouflaged framework (termed as DDMNPs). The DDMNPs were specifically internalized into A549 cells but not to other cells such as prostate cancer DU145 and macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Compared with the free drug combination of digoxin and doxorubicin (DIG + DOX) or simple DDNPs, the biomimetic DDMNP system displayed amplified synergistic therapeutic effects by causing cell apoptosis and enhancing DNA damage, probably due to the increased expression of DNA damage markers γH2AX and Replication protein A (RPA), and simultaneously suppressed mRNA and protein expression of DDR proteins. Consistently, more potent in vivo antitumor efficacy was demonstrated in zebrafish and nude mouse A549 xenograft models. Additionally, while the free drug combination (DIG + DOX) caused liver toxicity, as shown by histological analysis, DDNPs and biomimetic DDMNPs did not, suggesting improved safety. In conclusion, the codelivery of a DDR inhibitor and a DNA damaging agent via biomimetic carrier-free nanoparticles may become an innovative strategy for cancer chemotherapy, while more preclinical and clinical evidence is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SM04690@ApoFn, a SM04690-loaded apoferritin nanocage, alleviates osteoarthritis by modulating the cartilage extracellular matrix and inhibiting ferroptosis, with targeted anti-inflammatory properties. • This study elucidates SM04690's novel role in cartilage extracellular matrix regulation, marking the first investigation into its therapeutic mechanisms in osteoarthritis. • We explore the impact of IL-1β on iron metabolism in chondrocytes, highlighting apoferritin's critical role in mitigating ferroptosis. • First to demonstrate that the transferrin receptor is upregulated in inflamed cartilage, supporting targeted inflammation therapy via SM04690@ApoFn through transferrin receptor mediation. Osteoarthritis (OA) currently affects over 15% of the global population. However, OA management primarily focuses on symptom relief, with a lack of targeted and effective therapeutic strategies. SM04690 (Adavivint, Lorecivivint) represents a small molecule with promising potential as a novel agent for cartilage regeneration and pain relief in OA treatment, Phase III clinical trials are currently underway. This study explores its previously unexamined effects on regulating chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) function. However, its targeted delivery to the inflammatory cells remains a challenge; also, ideal therapeutic agent for OA requires to be multi-functional, e.g. suppressing ferroptosis in chondrocytes. In the current study, we designed an ApoFerritin nanocage loaded with SM04690 (SM04690@ApoFn) for OA therapy. In vitro study showed that SM04690 may have chondro-regenerative effect similar to kartogenin (KGN) but works at much lower concentrations. SM04690@ApoFn demonstrated good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The following studies revealed that SM04690@ApoFn may effectively promote ECM metabolism in chondrocytes, it may also suppress ferroptosis; meanwhile, it may have the ability to targeting the inflammatory chondrocytes through binding to transferrin receptor (TfR). In vivo study demonstrated that SM04690@ApoFn may alleviate the progression of OA in mice. In conclusion, the multifunctional SM04690@ApoFn nanocage shows great potential for OA therapy by promoting ECM metabolism, suppressing ferroptosis and targeting inflammatory chondrocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Carbon quantum dots sensor is presented for mapping and removing Cu2+ and Cysteine. • The sensor displays significant selectivity, sensitivity and fluorescent stability. • The selectivity sensing is mechanism clarified as the on–off-on process. • Information encryption and fluorescent printing are successfully performed. • The sensor is promising for biological detection with negligible cytotoxicity. The ability to manipulate carbon quantum dots (CQDs) fluorescence with specific substances has been of primary importance for applications in advanced dynamic information encryption. The development of CQDs with specific functionalization, high selectivity and excellent fluorescence stability for information security and sensing remains a challenge. In this paper, we present an N -doped and tryptophan functionalized CQDs that can be applied not only as a fluorescent ink for multiple message encryption but also for fluorescent sensitive and selective recognition of Cu2+ and cysteine (Cys) by multi-method, including aqueous solutions, filter paper, hydrogels and in human DU-145 Prostate cancer cells. Theoretical calculations and mechanistic studies suggested that this on–off-on mechanism was attributed to the transfer of electrons between Cu2+ and functionalized groups on the surface of CQDs and stronger coordination capability with Cys. The above results showed that these newly designed CQDs will greatly enrich the fundamental understanding of CQDs by explaining the recognition mechanism between Cu2+ and Cys, and provide an opportunity for anti-counterfeiting, solid-state fluorescent materials, cellular imaging and environmental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Understanding the impact of H 2 S concentrations on hydrate formation, a small amount of H 2 S can promote the formation of CH 4 hydrates. • Although H 2 S can indeed promote the formation and growth of hydrates, a very small amount of H 2 S cannot maintain the stability of hydrates. • Rapidly forming and growing hydrates are not standard structure I or II hydrates. We used molecular dynamics method to simulate the formation and growth of CH 4 hydrates with different concentrations of H 2 S. At the large scale of simulation time, 10000 ns, it is unlikely to form hydrates at 10 MPa and 260 K if there are only CH 4 and water; and if there was a small proportion of H 2 S in the gas, hydrates would easily form. When the molar concentration of H 2 S in the gas is 1 %, the formed hydrate is unstable and will eventually disintegrate, leaving the box in a two-phase state of gaseous and liquid. In contrast, at molar concentrations of 5 % or higher of H 2 S, hydrate formation is accelerated, and the hydrate will grow continuously. However, it is not structure I type as expected. These views are supported by the changes in F3 and F4 order parameters, numbers of different cage types, and the number of water molecules belonging to different states. Moreover, since the formation of hydrates is an energy reduction process, we can easily develop inhibitors targeted at hydrates in actual production and gas transportation. According to IGMH analysis, only van der Waals interactions occur between gas molecules inside the cages and the water cage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An in-situ confined growth of Cu 2-x Se nanoparticles in highly defective carbon is proposed; • Cu 2-x Se undergoes intercalation and reversible intermediate phases transformation during cycling; • Intercalation of Na+ can improve the electrical conductivity and rate performance of Cu 2-x Se@NC; • Cu 2-x Se@NC shows high reversible capacity, superior rate performance and long-cycle durability. Transition metal selenides are considered as hopeful anode materials for sodium-ion battery (SIB) due to the high specific capacity and rich reserves in nature. However, the inherent low conductivity of these anode materials, as well as the inevitable volume expansion and structural collapse during cycling, result in their poor rate performance and cycling stability. Herein, a universal selenization-co-carbonization strategy is proposed to synthesize Cu 2-x Se nanoparticles in-situ confined in highly defective nitrogen-doped carbon (Cu 2-x Se@NC) with superior architectural features, which involves simultaneous selenization and carbonization procedure of octahedral metal–organic framework (Cu-BTC) precursor. The nitrogen-doped carbon matrix stabilizes/confines the Cu 2-x Se nanoparticles to prevent their agglomeration and volume expansion during cycling while endowing high electrical conductivity to the hybrid materials. As anode for SIBs, the Cu 2-x Se@NC exhibits a high reversible capacity of 340 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 70 %, superior rate performance (capacity retention of 82.4 % from 0.02 to 5 A/g), and long-cycle durability. The ex-situ XRD and HRTEM techniques confirmed that Cu 2-x Se undergoes complex intercalation and crystal evolution accompanied by reversible intermediate phases (NaCuSe and Na 2 Se) transformation during charge/discharge cycle. First-principles calculations and in-situ EIS confirmed that the intercalation of Na+ can greatly reducing the energy band gap and improving the electrical conductivity of Cu 2-x Se@NC, thereby achieving excellent rate performance. Moreover, the Cu 2-x Se@NC anode is also evaluated by matching with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 cathode to assemble a full SIB, which can provide high initial capacity and capacity retention, revealing its potential for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Cl-doped ZIF-67-derived carbon microspheres were prepared by a novel chlorination method in high-temperature. • The electrochemical performance of CCH@CM has been greatly improved compared to ZIF-67. • CCH@CM continues the microporous structure of ZIF-67 while minimizes volume expansion. • Cobalt Chloride Hydrate (CCH) grown in situ provides maximum active sites for electrochemical reactions with Li-ions. In this work, the carbon-microsphere loaded with cobalt chloride hydrate (CCH@CM) was prepared via a collaborative and chlorination strategy derived from ZIF-67 precursor, which exhibits a superior electrochemical performance as a lithium-ion battery anode material. The synthesized CCH@CM obtained a high initial discharge capacity (947 mAh g−1) and the capacity attenuation rate is close to zero after 200 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1. The porous structure derived from ZIF-67 not only can provide a conductive path, which increases the transport of electrons and lithium ions, but also alleviate volume expansion. The presences of -Cl-/H 2 O groups provide active sites for the anchoring of Li+. As the first successful synthesizing the cobalt chloride hydrate (CCH) from ZIF-67, good electrochemical performance provides a promising for the large-scale application in lithium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A super-convenient strategy based on a simple N -halogenation reaction allowing a scalable production of antibacterial hydrogel was proposed and has addressed multifunctions of bacteria-killing in vitro and in vivo , low toxicity, wound disinfection and healing, and epithelial regeneration. A simple yet highly effective and super-convenient strategy is therefore achieved for infected skin defect therapy. • A super-convenient and broad-spectrum effective strategy based on a simple N -halogenation reaction. • The N -halogenation-based strategy is suitable to most N–H bond-containing hydrogels. • A scalable production of N -halamine-based hydrogel capable of bacteria-killing. • The hydrogel can resist wound bacterial infection, accelerate the healing process, and promote epithelial regeneration. Endowing hydrogel with antibacterial capability is promising for tissue repair, but most strategies in the synthesis of antibacterial hydrogel is high-cost and low-yield, suffering from many tedious multi-step reaction procedures to obtain antibacterial function. Taking hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel as an example, we herein report a super-convenient and broad-spectrum effective strategy based on a simple N -halogenation reaction allowing a scalable production of N -halamine-based hydrogel capable of bacteria-killing for infected skin defect therapy. This N -halogenation-based strategy in building antibacterial hydrogel is available to most N–H bond-containing hydrogel, and the specific synthesis is regulatable on-demand by tuning N -halogenation conditions. After a biological systematic evaluation, the hydrogel shows good antibacterial function against bacteria, as well as a low toxicity. Meanwhile, in vivo wound healing test reveals that the hydrogel can resist wound bacterial infection, accelerate the healing process, and promote epithelial regeneration. This contribution demonstrates for the first time that benefiting from its integrated advantages of super-convenience, universality, and scalable producibility, the N -halamine-based hydrogel would be very promising in practical biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CS-CDs were rapidly synthesized via microwave method with good water solubility and low toxicity. • CS-CDs had sufficient antibacterial activity against resistant bacteria in vivo. • CS-CDs exerted a good therapeutic effect on acute bloodstream infection. • CS-CDs can rapidly and quantitatively detect the number of bacteria in blood. • It provides a new idea for rapid clinical treatment and monitoring infection degree in patients. Cefminox sodium carbon nanodots were synthesized via a rapid one-step microwave method using cefminox sodium as sole precursor. The prepared cefminox sodium carbon nanodots had good water solubility and the diameter was concentrated at 1.29 ± 0.40 nm with relative uniform. They exhibited fluorescence excitation-dependent property, of which optimal excitation wavelength was ∼ 390 nm, and optimal emission wavelength was ∼ 465 nm. As retained part of the structure and antibacterial properties of cefminox sodium, cefminox sodium carbon nanodots had low biological toxicity and sufficient antibacterial activity against bacteria in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated cefminox sodium carbon nanodots could exert a good therapeutic effect on acute bloodstream infection. In the mixed solution (Escherichia coli , blood and cefminox sodium carbon nanodots), the fluorescent intensity exhibited quadratic functional relationship with the concentration of Escherichia coli. The detection concentration range for Escherichia coli was 0.5 × 106 ∼ 1 × 109 CFU/mL, and the detection limit was 3.7 × 105 CFU/mL. It suggested cefminox sodium carbon nanodots can rapidly and quantitatively detect the number of Escherichia coli in blood while effectively treating bloodstream infection. Due to the long period of clinical detection time (about 1–5 days or more) for bacterial counts in the blood of patients, this method provides a new strategy for rapid clinical treatment and effective monitoring of the degree of infection in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A transparent and flexible zinc ion solid-state battery (TFZSB) is reported. • The electrode design effectively leverages the outstanding optical properties and flexibility of the NT network. • The integral structural design utilizes PAM hydrogel to realize electrochemical stability. • The TFZSB exhibits a mass specific capacity of 122.6mAh/g with a high visible-light-spectrum transmittance of >80 %. Transparent and flexible electronics research is a lively and promising domain that holds immense potential for a plethora of innovative applications in consumer electronics, healthcare, and renewable energy sectors. It would be extremely beneficial to develop internal energy sources that are transparent and do not alter the visual appearance would. In this study, we introduce the design of a transparent and flexible zinc-ion solid-state battery (TFZSB), all of whose component elements, such as the electrode, electrolyte/diaphragm, and packaging, are made of transparent and soft materials. The electrodes have been constructed with a framework of nanotube (NT) networks, while the electrolyte is built from a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel material. The suggested electrode design effectively leverages the outstanding optical properties and flexibility of the NT network, while the construction assimilates the PAM hydrogel for providing electrical protection and fabricate the electrolyte, culminating in a resilient interface, which confers exceptional electrochemical stability under varying mechanical strains. With a strong visible-light spectrum transmittance of >80 % and a retention Coulombic efficiency of >92 % under large-scale strains, the TFZSB demonstrates a mass specific capacity of 122.6mAh/g. This TFZSB constitutes a breakthrough in the realm of wearable and smart electronics, and holds the potential to unlock a multitude of opportunities in the future by bridging the domains of energy storage and flexibility/transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Electrochemistry mechanism of Fe-based SMS in LIBs is elucidated. • Two potential adsorption sites of Fe-based SMS are obtained by DFT methods. • Adsorption sites are attractive for Li+ with the increasing of around electrons. • Large amounts of LiH are released to obtain good electrochemical performance. The Solid Molten Salt-Fe 2 O 3 @Polypyrrole (SMS-Fe 2 O 3 @PPy) materials as anode electrode are successfully synthesized by a two-step method and applied for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The SMS-Fe 2 O 3 @PPy electrode is composed of Fe-based solid molten salt (SMS), PPy and octahedral Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. Importantly, the introduction of PPy not only can provide a coating to suppress the volume expansion but also improve the electrical conductivity of the material. The elegant synergy effectively reduces the volume expansion of the material during the Li+ insertion/extraction process. As an anode for the LIBs, the SMS-Fe 2 O 3 @PPy electrode deliver reversible capacities of 1346 mAh/g at 100 mA g−1, good cycle stability of 1198 mAh/g even after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g−1 and excellent rate performance of 110 mAh/g even at 50 A g−1. It is found that the SMS can provide a large amount of LiH by combining with Li+ in the discharge process. The potential adsorption sites (site A and site B) from SMS were obtained by Density Functional theory (DFT) methods, and the attraction capacity of SMS to Li+ increased with the increasing of the number of electrons around SMS. All above unique advantages lead to a large specific capacity as well as excellent cycling stability, resulting in a considerable electrochemical performance. It can be seen from the excellent electrochemical performance of SMS-Fe 2 O 3 @PPy electrode that portends this will be a promising material for high-performance electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FeNi 3 @NC possesses a multistructure of 0D FeNi 3 , 1D carbon nanotubes and 3D nanospheres. • FeNi 3 @NC exhibited highly efficient and reversible oxygen catalysis activity and high cell efficiency performance. • Electroneutrality of C atom adjacent to the pyridinic-N was broken by the synergistic effect of FeNi 3 alloy with pyridinic-N for boosting the ORR/OER process. Metal-based alloys encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon (alloy@NC) catalysts with high-efficiency and cost-effective are promising to solve the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) in Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Here, a novel FeNi 3 alloy nanoparticles encapsulated by N -doped carbon graphene nanotubes (FeNi 3 @NC) catalyst with 0D/1D/3D multi-structure is synthesized through combining ligand-assisted and in-situ catalytic assembly strategy. The hybrid catalyst FeNi 3 @NC exhibited highly efficient ORR catalytic activity and stability. Impressively, the FeNi 3 @NC only required an overpotential of 291 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2, successfully demonstrating their excellent bifunctional catalytic activity. Moreover, the assembled rechargeable Zn-air battery based on FeNi 3 @NC air electrode exhibited high power density of 149.7 mW cm−2 and specific capacity of 658 mAh g Zn -1, and long-term stability up to 280 h, outperforming most of the recently reported catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that C atom adjacent to the pyridinic-N in FeNi 3 @NC act as the active sites for ORR/OER, since the alloying FeNi 3 combined by pyridinic-N effectively break electroneutrality of the C atom, thereby accelerating the kinetics process of the ORR/OER. This work provides some constructive guidelines for fabricating alloy@NC catalysts with bifunctional catalytic activity and deeply demonstrates the applicability modulate the electronic configuration to construct high-performance rechargeable ZABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Biogas was used as the reactant for low-carbon H 2 generation. • A tailored syngas ratio of 1:1 can be produced by adjusting CO 2 amount. • CO 2 could inhibit carbon deposition effectively in Fe 3 O 4 -Fe 0.947 O stage. • The behavior of CO breakthrough at different temperature was investigated. • The proposed multi-reactor model can improve the efficiency of H 2 production. An integrated recycling waste bioenergy and manufacturing low-carbon hydrogen by a method to convert biogas to hydrogen based on the chemical looping concepts was proposed in this study. Biogas from biomass anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis was employed in the reduction step as the feedstock of fuel gas. Simulated marsh gas (CH 4 and CO 2) and pyrolysis gas (CO and H 2) were used to validate the feasibility of the reduction performance with iron (III) oxide at different reaction temperatures. The experiments were conducted by using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a tandem packed-bed reactor. As for marsh gas, the reaction behavior was completely different under different CO 2 concentrations and converting temperatures. The reduction reaction with CH 4 would be divided into three stages, including complete combustion, competition reaction, and partial oxidation stage. Furthermore, the syngas with a tailored ratio of 1:1 can be produced without CH 4 breakthrough by adjusting CO 2 concentration. Besides, the total H 2 production achieved 241.9 mL per gram of oxygen carrier with a purity of 98.29%. Regarding the pyrolysis gas, the solid conversion and CO breakthrough curve were investigated. Compared to a single reactor, seven reactors were required to increase the average solid conversion from 34.1% to 42% and reduced the total redox time from 705.6 min to 437.7 min. Overall, this study provided a link between waste bioenergy recycling and H 2 generation with a novel chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) system and supplied theoretical support for scaling up the packed-bed reactor to improve H 2 production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Established a facile method to prepare diatomaceous earth-based fluorescent powders. • Demonstrated basic principle of developing and enhancing latent fingerprints. • Constructed a high-efficiency fingerprint image capture and processing system. • Yielded faithful and high-quality images of latent fingerprints on various substrates. Latent fingerprints, by definition, are not directly visible traces that usually found at crime scenes and need physical or chemical treatment before image capture and fingerprint identification. Research of novel powders for latent fingerprint development and establishment of efficient methods for fingerprint image enhancement have always been key focuses in forensic science and related fields involving chemistry, materials science and biology. Relying on physical adsorption between cationic fluorophores and porous silica, Rhodamine B-diatomaceous earth composites have been prepared as novel fluorescent fingerprint powders. A luminescence mode for latent fingerprint development and image enhancement that matches the fluorescence characteristics of these composites has been theoretically explained and a fingerprint image capture and processing system designed based on it has been successfully constructed. In the luminescence mode, the first and second level information of a latent fingerprint on the surface of an object showing either background interference or not can be precisely visualized and captured. This entire approach is demonstrated to be promising for scenarios of practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]