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Recent advances in biochemical optical fiber grating sensors by combining recognition elements and optical fiber gratings with and without surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance for selectively and accurately detection of organics. Note: etched fiber Bragg grating (EFBG), tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG), long period fiber grating (LPFG), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), metal-organic-framework (MOF) and biorecognition elements (BRE). [Display omitted] • Working principle of biochemical optical fibre grating sensors was presented. • Optical fibre grating sensors for detection of organic pollutants were summarized. • Optical fibre grating sensors for detection of life organic substances were discussed. • Optical fibre grating sensors for detection of microorganisms were showed. • Future directions of optical fiber grating bio- and chemical-sensors were discussed. The continuous development of society has led to the flourishing of environmental chemistry and biomedical fields, as well as to the research and development of novel functional materials and sensors. Some novel materials have excellent optical and biological/chemical properties and can be coupled with the optical fiber grating. The coupling between the materials and optical fiber grating can improve the performance due to the advanced materials can amplify the changing signals generated during the reaction with analytes of organic compounds. Despite the great achievements in the development of bio- and chemical-optical fiber grating sensors, there is no publicly available systematic review of the recent advances in the use of materials combined with optical fiber grating in organic substances sensing available in the literature since January 2016. Thus, we summarized the sensing principles of the bio- and chemical-optical fiber grating with and without surface plasmon resonance. We discussed the performance parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, detection range, and low limit of detection for detection of organic substances including organic pollutants, life organics (glucose, hemoglobin, cancer markers, antibody-antigen, biotin and streptavidin, DNA, enzymes), microorganisms, and other organic substances. We analyzed the advantages and limitations of optical fiber grating sensors and presented challenges in their practical applications and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Electrical and immune stimulation-based hydrogels sHA/G-GM synergistically realize scarless wound healing. • sHA/G-GM modulate fibroblast activation via amplifying the endogenous electrophysiology. • sHA/G-GM modulate immune microenvironment via promoting macrophage phenotype-switching. Scars are a consequence of the wound healing process, and scarless wound healing remains a substantial clinical challenge. In this study, conductive hydrogels (named sHA/G-GM) were developed to synergistically realize scarless wound healing through electrical and immune stimulation. sHA/G-GM was prepared as high-sulfated hyaluronan (sHA) modified graphene (sHA/G) homodispersing in gelatin methacrylate, and sHA/G was released and absorbed by cytomembranes. In vitro (human scar fibroblasts and mouse primary macrophages) and in vivo (rat wound models and rabbit ear wound models) studies were conducted and demonstrated that sHA/G-GM not only improves conductivity to fibroblast activity regulation but also combines with interleukin-4 to promote macrophage phenotype switching. These results strongly suggest that sHA/G-GM synergistically amplifies endogenous electrophysiological functions and modulates the immune microenvironment to realize scarless wound healing. Therefore, the electrical and immune stimulation-based sHA/G-GM provide an effective approach to synergistically realize scarless wound healing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biocompatible zwitterionic polymer hydrogel PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO 4) 2 presents high ionic conductivity (13.58 S m−1 at 25 °C and 1.81 S m−1 at −45 °C), excellent adhesive strength (34.7 kPa) and anti-dehydration (94.4% after 30 days). Importantly, the hydrogel-based wearable strain sensor shows high sensitivity (7.43 kPa−1 at 25 °C and 4.83 kPa−1 at −45 °C), and can quickly respond to human movement detection at 25 °C and −45 °C. [Display omitted] • The Hofmeister effect and electrostatic interaction effect have been studied. • The biocompatible hydrogel possesses high ionic conductivity (13.58 S m−1). • Excellent adhesive stress (34.7 kPa) and anti-dehydration (94.4 %) of the hydrogel. • The hydrogel-based strain sensor shows outstanding strain-sensing performances. • The hydrogel can quickly respond to human movement detection at 25 °C and −45 °C. Although wearable sensors based on polymer hydrogels have great progress, achieving biocompatibility, long-term stability, and being used in harsh environments for polymer hydrogels remains a significant challenge. In this work, a new simple tactic is proposed to prepare biocompatible zwitterionic polymer hydrogels (PDM) by copolymerization of dopamine acrylamide (DAA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). The synergistic effects of the Hofmeister and electrostatic interaction effect based on a series of inorganic salts on PDM hydrogels are studied. The PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO 4) 2 hydrogel presents a high ionic conductivity of 13.58 S m−1 at 25 °C. The re-prepared hydrogel demonstrates outstanding anti-freezing properties, even at −45 °C, the hydrogel exhibits transparency and flexibility, and the ionic conductivity is up to 1.81 S m−1. Moreover, the hydrogel has excellent adhesive strength (34.7 kPa), and anti-dehydration (94.4 % after 30 days). The freeze-dried PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO 4) 2 gel can recover up to 89.5 % of the original water content after 96 h at 20 % RH and 25 °C. Importantly, the wearable strain sensor based on PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO 4) 2 hydrogel shows high sensitivity (7.43 kPa−1 at 25 °C and 4.83 kPa−1 at −45 °C), ultra-low detection limit (30 Pa), outstanding cycle stability (10000 cycles), and quickly responds to human movement detection at 25 °C and −45 °C. This work provides an effective strategy to prepare the hydrogel which will be more appropriate to apply in wearable sensors and biological tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new mechanism of KHIs is proposed based on the interaction of KHIs-CH 4 bubble. • The KHIs can absorb on CH 4 bubble surface to reduce solubility of CH 4 in aqueous. • The KHIs adsorbs on the surface of CH 4 bubble to reduce the mass transfer of CH 4. • The interaction strengths of KHIs-CH 4 bubble can explain the inhibition efficiency. • KHIs-CH 4 bubble interaction can act as key standard in designing effective KHIs. The kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) are known to be both economical and eco-friendly in preventing hydrate blockages. To date, two main inhibition hypotheses of KHIs have been proposed, in which the dominant interactions are KHIs-crystals and KHIs-aqueous, respectively. However, both hypotheses experience challenges as contrary phenomena are frequently observed. Herein, we find the extensively generated CH 4 bubble in hydrate exploitation or natural gas transportation can greatly promote hydrate nucleation, thus, a new inhibition mechanism is proposed based on the interaction of KHIs-CH 4 bubble. Specifically, PVCaps (one typical KHI) can absorb on CH 4 bubble surface to mitigate CH 4 dissolution, which thus i) reduces the concentrations and accommodations of CH 4 in aqueous, thereby mitigating the formation of hydrate embryo; ii) decreases CH 4 transfer from bubble to embryo, thereby mitigating the growth of hydrate embryo. As both the formation and growth of hydrate embryos are inhibited, the hydrate nucleation requires longer induction time and larger critical nucleus. Moreover, this new mechanism has been found to be applicable to other KHIs, in which the interaction strengths of KHIs-CH 4 bubble can successfully explain the experimental inhibition efficiencies of PEO < PVP < PVCap < VIMA. Thus, the interaction of KHIs-CH 4 bubble can act as the key criterion in screening and designing effective KHIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A hydrogen-bond binding strategy is proposed to fabricate iCOF nanosheets (iCONs) and tannic acid (TA) composite membranes. • TA nanoaggregates were synthesized as hydrogen-bond binders. • Abundant hydrogen-bond interactions enable flexible connection between iCONs. • Highly interconnected hydrogen-bond networks facilitate rapid proton transport. • The membranes showed both enhanced mechanical properties and proton conductivity. Robust and highly conductive proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the unremitting pursuit of numerous electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cell and the emerging electrochemical hydrogen compression. Ionic covalent organic framework nanosheets (iCONs) with long-range ordered nanochannels and abundant ionic groups show substantial potential as next-generation PEM materials. However, it is challenging to assemble iCONs into membranes with both robustness and flexibility due to the electrostatic repulsion and rigid framework. Herein, we propose a hydrogen-bond binding strategy to fabricate sulfonic iCON (SCON) composite membranes by co-assembling tannic acid (TA) nanoaggregates and SCONs. The abundant and dynamically reversible hydrogen-bond interactions introduced by TA nanoaggregates establish effective linkage between SCONs and allow some restricted movements, endowing membranes with remarkably improved mechanical properties. The stacked SCONs construct long-range ordered nanochannels with well-arranged sulfonic groups in membranes, and the hydrogen-bond networks further facilitate the proton transport through Grotthuss mechanism. Consequently, TA/SCON composite membranes displays significantly enhanced tensile strength of 101.9 MPa, good flexibility and high proton conductivity of 490.1 mS cm−1 at 80 °C and 100 % RH simultaneously. This hydrogen-bond binding strategy offers a promising approach to fabricate robust and highly conductive PEMs for various proton-conducting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hierarchical cellulose-based fabric with excellent PDRC performance is obtained. • The cellulose-based fabric is fabricated by a simple scalable coating technology. • The cellulose-based fabric has high solar reflectance and high infrared emissivity. • The hierarchical cellulose-based fabric realizes cooling temperature up to 6.5 °C. • The hierarchical cellulose-based fabric shows excellent wearability and durability. Personal thermal management is significant in alleviating the heat stress of pedestrians and outdoor workers. There is a need to develop a wearable fabric to further improve the comfort and cooling efficiency of outdoor personnel. Herein, we report an eco-friendly hierarchical cellulose-based fabric with excellent passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) performance. The obtained radiative cooling cellulose-based fabric (RCCF) possesses high solar reflectivity of 90.2 % in the solar spectrum (0.3–2.5 μm) and high emissivity of 98.1 % in the atmospheric window (8.0–13.0 μm). Under a solar radiation of 728 W·m−2, the simulated skin temperature covered with RCCF was 6.5 °C lower than that of original cotton. Moreover, the RCCF provides desirable wearability performance, and can be further applied in large-scale production due to simple and low-cost coating processes. The excellent cooling performance of this hierarchical cellulose-based fabric is promising to bring new insights into the design of next-generation functional textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Self-assembled keratin trauma targeting nanoparticle was fabricated with bisphosphonates (BPs) activated assembly process. • BPs self-assemble process is conformation conservative. • Enhanced immunomodulatory and osteoinductivity function of KTNP accelerates bone fracture healing. Bone fractures pose significant clinical challenges and require innovative solutions for effective treatment and rapid recovery. Nanoscale protein-based materials are prominent in biotechnology and biomedicine, demonstrating versatility in biological processes and drug delivery. Herein, we designed and fabricated self-assembled keratin nanoparticles via a bisphosphonate (BP)-activated conformation-conservative assembly process. We determined the structural properties of the nanoparticles and explored the immunomodulatory and osteoinductivity functions retained from keratin. In addition, the keratin-BP nanoparticles could repair bone fractures. This study on multifunctional self-assembled protein-drug nanoparticles provides useful baseline data for exploring novel therapeutic options for acute bone fracture and other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An theranostic platform was constructed by synergizing salvianolic acid with NIR-II luminescent nanoparticles. • The nanoplatform showed high specificity and selectivity for ROS detection, enabling real-time monitoring of hepatotoxicity. • The nanosystem could efficiently alleviate the oxidative stress of drug-induced liver injury via scavenging ROS. Precise diagnosis followed by prompt treatment of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is vital to prevent its progression to other liver diseases, even liver failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized as an early sign in the progression of DILI. However, ROS-centric diagnosis and therapy of DILI are still unsatisfactory due to methodological limitations. In this work, a rationally designed theranostic nanoplatform was developed by integrating lanthanide-doped second near-infrared (NIR-II) luminescent nanoparticles with salvianolic acid B and Fe3+. Here, NaGdF 4 :3%Nd@NaGdF 4 with NIR-II emission was synthesized and transferred to the aqueous solution via capping with the amphiphilic polymer, C 18 PMH-mPEG. Upon loading the salvianolic acid B and Fe3+ complex (Sal B/Fe) into the polymer, the NIR-II luminescence of nanoparticles was quenched through the absorption competitive-induced emission (ACIE) principle. However, ROS generated in the DILI can restore the NIR-II luminescence as the Sal B/Fe was destroyed by the ROS. On the other hand, the nanosystem could efficiently alleviate the oxidative stress of DILI via scavenging ROS thanks to the antioxidant properties of salvianolic acid B. Liver injury-related symptoms, including histopathological biochemical serological indicators, expression of SOD, GSH, and malondialdehyde were evidently mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BiOBr/BTO heterojunction catalysts were prepared by chemical precipitation method. • The catalyst exhibits highly efficient piezo-photocatalysis for degrading multi-pollutant. • Synergistic piezo-photocatalysis was realized under light illumination and ultrasound. • The catalyst shows favorable cycling stability and applicability for multi-pollutant. Piezo-catalysis is a green and effective method for degrading rich and obstinate molecules in wastewater. Yet, the piezo-catalytic performance of frequently-used barium titanate (BTO) is still limited for practical applications, thus it is crucial to construct high-efficiency BTO-based catalysts. Herein, BiOBr/BTO heterojunction-based piezo-photocatalysts were successfully prepared using the chemical precipitation method, and an internal electric field was established via ultrasound to promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs through the synergistic effect of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis. Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the heterojunction. The degradation performance of Rhodamine B (RhB) by BiOBr/BTO is the best among various pollutants, giving a reaction rate constant up to 20.839 × 10−2 min−1, exceeding numerous previously reported catalysts. In addition, the piezo-photocatalytic reaction rate of BiOBr/BTO for Methyl Orange was 9.298 × 10−2 min−1, ≈ 3.3 times than those of pure BTO (2.806 × 10−2 min−1), and also ≈ 15.9 times and 3.3 times than those of single photocatalysis (0.585 × 10−2 min−1) or piezocatalysis (2.848 × 10−2 min−1). Importantly, the BiOBr/BTO heterojunction demonstrates excellent catalytic degradation performance for a broad range of pollutants (e.g., dyes and antibiotics) and their mixtures, as well as favorable cycling stability and repeatability with changed environmental conditions, displaying applicability in actual wastewater treatment. The possible degradation pathways of RhB were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The present work supplies a feasible strategy for the preparation of high-efficiency piezo-photocatalytic BTO-based heterojunctions, which can guide other composites for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cellulose has a wide range of sources, low price and abundant functional groups. • CSPGs-La prepared by crosslinking shows high loading capacity for phosphate due to its high swelling property. • Despite the presence of competitive anions, CSPGs-La exhibits high selectivity towards phosphates. • Phosphate was adsorbed mainly through ligand exchange and surface precipitation. • The phosphorus concentration in actual wastewater can be reduced to below 10 μg L−1 by CSPGs-La. Phosphorus exceeding the standard will destroy the ecological environment of the freshwater resources and endanger the survival of aquatic animals. Due to the intrinsic complexation between La(Ⅲ) and alginate, in this study, lanthanum hydroxide was first prepared from lanthanum nitrate, the chemical crosslinking agent was replaced by La(Ⅲ), and cellulose/lanthanum alginate/La(OH) 3 composite microspheres (CSPGs-La) were synthesized using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a crosslinking agent through the emulsification process in one pot. In comparison, the adsorption capacity of 80 mg L−1 PO 4 3− treated with CSPGs-La, CSPGs-Ech (Samples where the chemical crosslinking agent was not replaced by La(Ⅲ)) and La(OH) 3 was 159.5 mg g−1, 57.51 mg g−1 and 137.4 mg g−1, respectively. CSPGs-La has good swelling performance, unique three-dimensional structure and mass transfer efficiency, which are the important reasons for its strong ability to capture phosphate. In the presence of coexisting anions, CSPGs-La can still accurately adsorb PO 4 3−, showing good adsorption selectivity. Intra-surface spherical complexation and electrostatic adsorption play an important role. When the dose of CSPGs-La is 1.35 g L−1, the phosphorus pollutants in the actual domestic sewage can be reduced to 10 μg L−1 below. After five adsorption cycles, the retention rate of phosphorus removal performance is 87.7 %. This study provides a green, easy to implement, and promising solution for the preparation of efficient and selective phosphorus removal adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dual-coordination strategy to co-modulate Co with NCNT and Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene was studied. • Co-NCNT/MXene showed efficient catalytic activity and selectivity in 2e- ORR pathway. • In situ EPR supports the *OOH mediated 2e- ORR pathway on the Co-NCNT/MXene. • Altered *OOH adsorption by modulating coordination microenvironment at Co interface. • In situ generated H 2 O 2 significantly restored the organic polluted water environment. Manipulating the selective adsorption of oxygen-containing species is crucial for tailoring the electrocatalyst to select dual-electron pathway in the oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR). Herein, dual-coordination electrocatalyst structure (Co-NCNT/MXene) is proposed based on the modulation of oxygenated species adsorption by coordination microenvironment at the interface of metal nanocatalysts. The Co-NCNT/MXene achieves excellent H 2 O 2 selectivity (95.25 %), yield (162 mg L-1h−1) and Faraday efficiency (94.81 %) for ORR, surpassing the most Co-based-electrocatalysts. In-situ EPR techniques reveal the selective *OOH desorption dynamic process on Co-NCNT/MXene. Density functional theory calculations confirm that asymmetric coordination of Co nanoparticles by oxygen-terminated Ti 3 C 2 -MXene and NCNT modulates the delocalized state of Co extranuclear electrons, resulting in a reduction of the d-band center of Co, thus turning the adsorption energy of *OOH within the Co-NCNT/MXene interface towards a path more conducive to H 2 O 2 electrosynthesis. In-situ H 2 O 2 generated in the ORR is applied to achieve excellent degradation of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 1. Electrochemical hydrogen compression (EHC) can purify and compress hydrogen in one step. • 2. Working principle and module design of EHC are described and summarized. • 3. Developments of advanced proton-conducting membranes for EHC are reviewed. • 4. Challenges, future trends and prospects of EHC are discussed. Electrochemical hydrogen compression (EHC), which can purify and compress hydrogen in one step, has aroused broad interests due to its high efficiency, compact equipment, and quiet operation. Since the concept of EHC was proposed, considerable efforts have been devoted to this field. In this review, several aspects of EHC are comprehensively discussed. Firstly, the working principle of EHC is presented with a focus on the electrode reactions, overpotentials, and performance indicators. Subsequently, the major functions, required properties, common materials and recent progress on the design and development of EHC modules are overviewed. As the key part of EHC, recent advances in proton-conducting membranes are particularly summarized, including polymeric proton exchange membranes, mixed matrix proton exchange membranes, and proton ceramic oxide membranes. The focus is on the chemical structures, proton transfer mechanisms, factors affecting performances, and applications for hydrogen purification and compression. Finally, the challenges, future trends, and prospects associated with each module of EHC are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) significantly enhanced the nitrogen fixation activity. • GQDs accelerated the logarithmic growth phase of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. • GQDs up-regulated the nitrogen fixing and metabolism related genes. • GQDs promoted soil nitrogen content by the augmentation of nitrogen fixation. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are useful nanomaterials of excellent water solubility, biocompatibility and optical stability for various applications. In this study, we achieved the nitrogen fixation activity enhancement of autogenous azotobacters (Azotobacter vinelandii) by GQDs and revealed its mechanism. GQDs (1–10 mg/L) accelerated the logarithmic growth phase of A. vinelandii , making bacteria enter the plateau earlier. Biocompatible GQDs did not cause cell death and oxidative damage of A. vinelandii. The expression levels of metabolism and nitrogen fixation related genes were significantly up-regulated by GQDs, thereby enhancing the activity of nitrogenase. The nitrogen fixation activity of A. vinelandii reached 471.7 % of the control upon the exposure to GQDs. The intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate vesicles were consumed to provide energy for nitrogen fixation, which involved with a chain reaction of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways accompanied by significant increases in electron transfer rate. The synergistic effect of GQDs on A. vinelandii further facilitated the augmentation of soil nitrogen content in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results provided an effective approach to enhance the biological nitrogen fixation by GQDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We first employed high entropy oxide (HEO) for syngas and H 2 coproduction. • HEO displayed outstanding conversion ability for 4 kinds of fuels. • HEO exhibited H 2 yield of 12.66 mmol/g OC with the purity of 99.1 % at 700 °C. • HEO showed cyclic stability, without apparent deactivation after 100-cycle work. • HEO possessed abundant active sites and reactivity, owing to lattice distortion. Chemical looping reforming coupled with water splitting (CLR-WS) offers a way for negative carbon H 2 production when using bio-waste as raw materials. Iron-based oxides are highly anticipated as oxygen carriers (OCs), while the commercial application is hampered by the harsh conditions and low stability. High entropy materials (HEMs), including high entropy oxides (HEOs) and high entropy alloys (HEAs), have displayed multiple active catalytic sites with excellent stability in the field of electrochemistry and photochemistry. However, the family has rarely been studied in CLR-WS before. Herein, (Ni 0.2 Co 0.2 Ca 0.2 Cu 0.2 Mg 0.2)Fe 2 O 4 was synthesized and the H 2 yield of 12.66 mmol/g OC with the purity of 99.1 % was exhibited at 700 °C, proved to be at the forefront of the existing literatures. This study first creates a sustainable loop between HEO and HEA and achieves highly efficient and stable H 2 production, paving an avenue for the large-scale application of HEM in thermochemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile approach was utilized to construct biomimetic COFs nanozymes. • The doped histidine boosted the catalytic capacity of Fe-COF-H3. • Urate oxidase was immobilized in Fe-COF-H3 to construct enzyme-nanozyme cascade system. • The UOx@Fe-COF-H3 was applied for the detection of uric acid in biological samples. Imitating catalytic sites of natural enzymes is a promising approach to accurately improve the catalytic performances of nanozymes. Herein, inspired by the structure of natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP), three-component condensation strategy is unitized to design histidine (His) functionalized iron porphyrin covalent organic frameworks (Fe-COF-H3) nanozyme with peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity. The introduced His could form favorable microenvironment around the iron porphyrin structure, enhancing the catalytic capacity of COF nanozyme. Taking advantage of its excellent POD-like activity, Fe-COF-H3 was utilized as a carrier to immobilize urate oxidase (UOx) for the construction of enzyme-nanozyme cascade system (UOx@Fe-COF-H3). The UOx@Fe-COF-H3 was successfully applied for the colorimetric detection of uric acid (UA) in biological samples. This work not only offers a new insight to develop high-efficiency COF nanozymes, but also expands the application of COF nanozyme for the construction of enzyme-nanozyme cascade system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CoNi bimetallic alloys nanoparticles are in-situ encapsulated within N-doped carbon nanotubes. • CoNi alloys enrich active sites for the chemical adsorption of polysulfides compared with a single metal. • The advantages of metal Co and Ni are integrated into CoNi alloys to synergetically catalyze the polysulfide conversion. • The CNT-encapsulation strategy inhibits the agglomeration of CoNi nanoparticles, and enables its durable catalytic activity. • The Li-S battery with CoNi@NCNT interlayer harvests high capacity and good stability under high sulfur loading and low electrolyte usage. Transition metal nanomaterials are a kind of promising catalysts for lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), but a single metal component is difficult to satisfy the demends simultaneously catalyzing the multi-step sulfur redox reactions (SRRs). Moreover, the agglomeration of nanometal materials leads to the decrease of catalytic sites during long-term cycling. Herein, we propose a in-situ encapsulation strategy to fabricate a composite featuring CoNi alloy wrapped in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (denoted as CoNi@NCNT). Compared with a single metal Co/Ni, CoNi alloy provides multiple active sites for strong chemisorption of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and acts as the bidirectional catalyst of SRRs by integrating the preferred synergetic catalysis of the reduction of LiPSs by Co sites and the opposite process by Ni sites. The batteries based on CoNi@NCNT interlayer delivers a high discharge capacity of 1482.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, superior rate performance with a high capacity of 712.9 mAh g−1 at 5C, and good cycling stability. The battery can also provide a maximal specific capacity of 823.9 mAh g−1 when operated under the sulfur loading of 5.0 mg cm−2 and the electrolyte/sulfur ratio of ∼ 7.1 μL. In addition, the CNT-encapsulation structure effectively inhibits the agglomeration of CoNi nanoparticles, thus enabling its durable catalytic activity for SRRs. This work provides an insight to understand the specific catalysis of transition metal in SRRs and also develop an effective strategy to explore stable catalysts for high-performance LSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The ILs biphasic absorbent [TEPAH][CPL]/EG/DGDE was developed for CO 2 capture. • Phase separation was due to polarity change of the absorbent after CO 2 absorption. • The regeneration energy consumption is 51% lower than that of 30 wt% MEA solution. • The absorbent showed obvious low-corrosive advantage since the absence of H+. To achieve low regeneration energy consumption and low corrosion, a novel ILs nonaqueous biphasic absorbents composed of Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) Caprolactam (CPL), Ethylene glycol (EG), and Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGDE) have been proposed for CO 2 capture. The maximum CO 2 loading of the optimal absorbent ([TEPAH][CPL]/EG/DGDE) could reach 1.88 mol·mol−1, with 40 % of the saturated phase volume containing 98 % of the mass percentage of CO 2 products. Furthermore, the regeneration energy consumption was only 1.88 GJ·t−1 CO 2 , approximately 51 % lower than that of 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) aqueous solution. 13C NMR analysis has shown that the amino group on the cation [TEPAH]+ reacted with CO 2 to form CO 2 products-carbamate, and the anion [CPL]- assisted the proton transfer during the reaction. Combined with the results from quantum chemical calculation, the phase separation behavior of the absorbent was mainly due to the polarity difference between the CO 2 products and the solvent. Additonally, [TEPAH][CPL]/EG/DGDE was non-corrosive to 20# carbon steel before and after CO 2 absorption, and exhibited superior stability than MEA aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quadruple-mode emitting carbon nanodots (QM-CDs) have been designed via an ionic crystal confining strategy. The results reveal that the high-density ionic bonds can inactivate the nonradiative defect centers, stabilize triplet excitons, increase the cross-sectional absorption and boost the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer of the QM-CDs, endowing their efficient fluorescence, upconversion photoluminescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence simultaneously. And the confining aggregation of CDs in the NaOH matrix contribute to the tunable light emission wavelength. With the QM-CDs, one kind of all-photonic multiple-inputs logic gates with programmable emitting modes have been established to achieve information processing and security. [Display omitted] • The QM-CDs with tunable multiple-mode light emitting are prepared. • The high-density ionic bonds endow the multiple-mode light emitting of QM-CDs. • The confining aggregation endow the tunable light emission wavelengths of QM-CDs. • The programmable multiple-inputs logic gates are established with the QM-CDs. Multiple-mode light emitting in one material system is tremendous desirable for various applications. Herein, we have developed an ionic crystal confining strategy to prepare the carbon nanodots (CDs) with quadruple-mode light emitting and demonstrated their promising application in information anti-counterfeiting via optical logic gates. In detail, the quadruple-mode light emitting of CDs (QM-CDs) are prepared with the citric acid and urea with NaOH matrix via microwave-assisted polymerization. Mechanically, the high-density ionic bonds stemmed from the NaOH ionic-crystal can effectively inactivate nonradiative defect centers, stabilize triplet excitons, increase absorption cross-section and boost resonance energy transfer, evoking the outstanding solid-state fluorescence, upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL), phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence simultaneously. Meanwhile, the isolated NaOH matrix can promote the confining aggregation of CDs, leading to the redshifted emission wavelength and endowing the light emitting with tunable wavelength. With the excitability of logic functions between the light emitting and controlled excitation, the programmable multiple-inputs logic gates are established with the QM-CDs, enabling the application in high-throughput logical operations and information anti-counterfeiting. This research provides a new insight into the synthesize of multiple-mode luminescent CDs, and thus promote the applications of nanomaterials in intelligent encryption and anti-counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SWNT@Q-CNF /SWNT@CMC aerogel was successfully prepared. • The cellulose-based aerogel generator shows excellent electrochemical properties. • The SMEG has multiple sensitivities to human movement and humidity In view of the current problems of fossil consumption and environmental pollution, harvesting electricity from water to obtain renewable and clean energy has become a trend. Herein, an asymmetric self-powered cellulose-based aerogel generator (SMEG) was proposed by directional freeze-drying using quaternized cellulose nanofibril (Q-CNF), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and single-walled carbon nanotube. When exposed to humid air, the prepared aerogel generated ionic ionization and directional flow, resulting in a potential difference. The single SMEG could separately produce a continuous voltage and current output of up to 668 mV and 6.4 μA, accompanied by a power density of 0.871 μW⋅cm−2 at high humidity (90 %). Meanwhile, connecting several SMEG devices could directly provide satisfied power for some commercial electronics including LED lights and calculators. More importantly, it was compatible for applications in contactless sensing and respiratory monitoring with high moisture sensitivity and good durability. This work provides a low-cost and environmentally friendly strategy for the optimal design of moisture-electricity generators and self-powered humidity sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Co/CoO x @CN-X with tunable synergistic interfacial structure were prepared. • The synergistic effect of the Co, CoO x and CN enhanced the catalytic activity. • The promotion effect of methanol on toluene oxidation was observed. • The origin of the promoting effect was traced by in-situ DRIFTS and online MS. Herein, a series of Co/CoO x @CN nanocomposites with tunable synergistic interfacial structure were successfully obtained by a facile pyrolysis treatment. Among these nanocomposites, the nanocomposite pyrolyzed at 500 °C (denoted as Co/CoO x @CN-500) exhibited the best methanol photothermal catalytic activity (97% methanol conversion and 96% CO 2 yield) under simulated solar irradiation. Compared with Co nanoparticles and Co@CN, Co/CoO x @CN-500 showed higher methanol photothermal catalytic activity. Moreover, the Co/CoO x @CN-500 also displayed a good ability to degrade methanol under outdoor natural solar. Such excellent photothermal activity mainly benefited from the strong interaction between the metals Co, CoO x and graphitic-carbon, which enhanced the photothermal effect by inducing the high work temperature, and the surface adsorb oxygen species of Co/CoO x @CN-500. Besides, the promotion effect of methanol on toluene oxidation was observed over Co/CoO x @CN-500 for the photothermal catalytic oxidation of the methanol and toluene mixture relative to their individual component. Water molecules did not affect the promotion effect of methanol on the photothermal catalytic oxidation of toluene. Reaction mechanism studies showed that 2-methylbenzaldehyde, the key intermediate formed by the reaction of formaldehyde generated by methanol oxidation and toluene, is the main reason for the improvement of the oxidation activity of toluene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• K.S Bfr can store Cd2+ in protein cavities in vitro. • The engineering bacteria with K.S Bfr can enhance the removal of Cd2+ from water. • Bacterioferritin up-regulates the ribosomal metabolic pathway. Cadmium can enter water through various industrial pollutants, posing serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. This study unveiled an effective method for removing Cd2+ from water by introducing bacterioferritin, known as Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis (K.S Bfr), into engineering bacteria (EB) to facilitate metal ion removal via K.S Bfr storage. Additionally, the paper explores the mechanism behind Cd2+ removal by EB using K.S Bfr. The binding kinetics revealed that EB's Cd2+ binding capacity was significantly higher than that of wild bacteria, and Cd2+ was found to enter the protein cavity of K.S Bfr in vitro. When exposed to Cd2+ concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.5 mM, EB demonstrated a survival rate above 70 %, whereas wild bacteria's survival rate remained below 50 %. The superior Cd2+ removal capacity of EB can be attributed to the intracellular storage capacity of K.S Bfr. Tandem Mass Tags quantitative proteomics analysis showed that EB mitigated cytotoxicity mainly by up-regulating the expression of binding, homeostasis, efflux, and ribosome-related proteins. K.S Bfr was identified as a major pathway for bacteria to remove Cd2+ since it provided independent storage space for Cd2+ and ensured intracellular metal ion homeostasis. This study presents an effective strategy for treating metal wastewater, offering promising new applications for bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart wound dressings aim to enable early diagnosis and treatment of wound infections to accelerate wound healing. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of smart wound dressings, including smart dressings for monitoring different parameters of wounds, smart dressings that can realize wound management, and advanced smart wound dressings that integrate monitoring and treatment into one, and systematically discusses and analyzes them. [Display omitted] • A comprehensive review of the latest developments in intelligent wound dressings. • Explored various wound dressing design concepts and developed applications. • Discussed the future prospects and challenges of intelligent wound dressings. Wound management has long been a significant concern within the healthcare industry. However, conventional passive wound dressings often fail to meet the requirements for effective wound management. As a result, there is a growing emergence of intelligent wound dressings that aim to address this issue. These smart wound dressings incorporate one or more electrochemical or optical sensors, enabling real-time monitoring of wound conditions. Furthermore, they also integrate various stimulation techniques, including photostimulation, electrostimulation, and pharmacological stimulation, in order to facilitate accelerated wound healing. This integration of sensing and stimulation capabilities holds immense potential for personalized wound care. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of wearable, novel dressings designed for the purpose of chronic wound monitoring and management. It examines various design concepts and applications that have been developed. Additionally, the paper discusses the future prospects and challenges associated with wearable bioelectronics in wound care, as well as their potential for clinical utilization. Furthermore, it explores the areas in which further development and research are needed, with a focus on establishing the priorities for the next generation of wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nanozyme is possessed of SOD-like and CAT-like activity. • CeMn-zyme can ease the intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury. • DFT and transcriptome data can further identify the remarkable enzyme-like activity. Chasing redox nanozymes with recover cellular homeostasis provide potentials towards intestine reperfusion injury, but remained a challenge goal. Herein, for the first time, we constructed an efficient redox nanozyme by constructing enzyme mimicking active center and investigated its formation and enzyme-like mechanism thoroughly. Specifically, the partial Mn substitution in CeO 2 (donated as CeMn-zyme) demonstrated to alter electronic structure with abundant defect site generation, including Mn substitution and oxygen vacancy (Ov) defects which significantly enable the SOD-like and CAT-like activity of CeMn-zyme in a synergetic manner, which can protect intestinal cells from intestine reperfusion injury, further recovering cellular homeostasis. More intriguingly, both Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation and transcriptome data can further identify the remarkable enzyme-like activity and the specific factor alternations. Taken together, this CeMn-zyme has promising application potential for intestine-reperfusion injury, paving the way for the clinical translation from bench to bedside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The side-chains were modified to construct D-A COFs to photocatalytic U(VI) reduction. • The exciton dissociation energy and carrier lifetimes were applied to analysis carrier behavior. • TpBD-(OH) 2 and TpBD-(NO 2) 2 exhibited the strongest photocatalytic performance. • Multi-coordination sites and built-in electric field promoted electron-transfer. • The generation of H 2 O 2 during the photocatalytic process facilitated the U-extraction. Photoreduction of uranium(U) is recognized as an effective U-enrichment method that converts soluble U(VI) into insoluble U(IV). However, deficient exciton dissociation and low charge mobility in COFs limit their photocatalytic activity. Excitonic dissociation and charge transfer in COFs could be regulated by grafting different polar functional groups, but the relevant studies are still insufficient. In this work, we constructed a series of donor–acceptor (D-A) COFs (TpBD-X, X = –OH, NH 2 , –OCH 3 , –NO 2 , -SO 3 H) materials with electric built-in fields by different functional groups for U(VI) adsorption-photoreduction. The research results showed that, due to the introduction of functional groups, the exciton dissociation energy was decreased to 22.91 m·eV, the carrier lifetime was prolonged to 3.109 ns, light-absorption capacity was significantly improved, the forbidden bandwidth was reduced and the carrier transfer impedance was lowered. Thereby, the U(VI) reduction efficiency was enhanced from TpBD (33.34 %) to TpBD-(NO 2) 2 (73.11 %), and the corresponding reduction reaction rate constants were 1.40–5.58 times higher than that of TpBD, among which TpBD-(OH) 2 and TpBD-(NO 2) 2 exhibited the strongest photocatalytic performance. In addition, DFT calculations revealed that the calculated E ads of TpBD-X was much lower than that of TpBD, and the chelating sites were increased from the single benzidine cluster to multi-coordination sites (internal H-bonds, keto-O, and bridged-N), which improved the adsorption affinity for UO 2 2+ and stabilized the adsorption conformation, as well as these sites were platforms for electron-transfer contributing to the U(VI) reduction. More importantly, the generation of H 2 O 2 during the photocatalytic process facilitated the U-extraction (in the form of UO 2 and (UO 2)O 2 ·2H 2 O) from water, wherein TpBD-(OH) 2 and TpBD-(NO 2) 2 exhibited the strongest H 2 O 2 generating capacity of 166.14 and 223.31 mM, respectively. This study provided a valuable example of rationally designed and constructed COFs photocatalysts for light-assisted U-extraction with the purpose of regulating carrier behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarized the decomposition and energy release mechanisms of three categories of energetic materials, and compared their differences in decomposition and energy, based on which their practical application value is evaluated. [Display omitted] • Decomposition and energy release mechanisms of novel EMs were summarized. • Levels of energy release of various EMs were compared. • Levels of stability of various EMs were compared. • Future destiny (application value) of novel EMs was evaluated. Nowadays, some new materials with high-energy as well as a certain stability are emerging as the novel energetic materials (EMs), such as all-nitrogen energetic ionic compounds (EICs), high-pressure EMs, and special-structure EMs. These novel EMs differ much from traditional EMs in their intrinsic structure, and exhibit different decomposition and energy release mechanisms, which are attracting increasing attention. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms. In view of this, this paper reviews for the first time the research progress of representative novel EMs in terms of the decomposition and energy release mechanisms, including the decomposition reaction path, energy barrier, reaction rate and reaction products, as well as the magnitude and speed of energy release, and compares them with traditional EMs. Finally, the existing issues and application potential in current novel EMs are proposed to guide future research directions. This paper will clarify the similarities and differences in decomposition and energy release mechanisms between novel and traditional EMs, and provide beneficial inspiration for the continuous innovation and application of EMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ce-doped high entropy oxides catalysts were prepared and used for the selective solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol. • Ce was found to be an active promotor for this oxidation reaction. • Abundant oxygen vacancies were formed with the doping of Ce in the catalyst. • Various characterizations and DFT calculations were used to explore the role of Ce. It is desired but challenging to develop a non-noble metal catalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol with O 2 under solvent-free conditions. Herein, a series of Ce-doped high entropy oxides (Ce/HEOs) were prepared via co-precipitation and subsequent thermal treatment method. It was found that, the doping of Ce could remarkably promote the catalytic activity for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. The improved activity was ascribed to the good distribution of active Ce species, the increased oxygen vacancies, and the synergistic effect between CeO 2 and high entropy oxides (HEOs). In addition, the surface oxygen of Ce/HEOs towards Ce displayed stronger reducibility compared to that of bare CeO 2 , endowing it stronger deprotonation ability towards benzyl alcohol during the reaction. The prepared catalyst exhibited satisfactory reusability and stability owing to the entropy-stabilized effect of HEOs and the interaction between CeO 2 and HEOs, and negligible loss in catalytic activity was observed after seven runs. Besides, DFT calculations disclosed that, with the doping of Ce, the Ce/HEOs catalyst possessed stronger adsorption ability towards benzyl alcohol, and lower free energy was required for the rate-determining step during the whole oxidative reaction. This work gave some insights into the promotional effect of Ce doped into high entropy oxides for the solvent-free catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel mode for ultra-low-pressure semi-continuous preparation of TPU foams. • TPU foams prepared via microwave feature uniform cells and high expansion ratio. • N 2 -assisted gas exchange is utilized to achieve anti-shrinkage of elastomer foam. • TPU foams exhibit excellent resilience and compression properties. • The strategy suits most elasticities and poised for industrial production. The production of elastomer foam commonly faces challenges like low production efficiency, limited controllability, uneven foaming, and inherent shrinkage characteristics, especially in manufacturing thick foam sheets. Addressing these, this study introduces innovative "semi-continuous foaming with ultra-low-pressure" (SFU) strategy that integrates low-temperature gas-locking, conduction-microwave heating, and N 2 -assisted gas-exchange, aimed at optimizing the entire process of TPU foam production, from manufacturing and storage to post-processing. The low-temperature gas-locking scheme realizes semi-continuous preparation of elastomer foam; the conduction-microwave heating scheme significantly improves the heating speed and uniformity; and the N 2 -assisted gas exchange scheme prevents elastomer foam shrinkage, facilitating the creation of high expansion ratio foam. This process offers the flexibility to adjust initial cell sizes (5–30 μm after shrinkage) and expansion ratios (1–24 times) by manipulating parameters such as microwave radiation time, power, and saturation time. Furthermore, the foam was prepared under ultra-low pressure (<7 MPa), resulting in a final expansion exceeding 14.2 times TPU thick sheet (5 mm thickness before foaming) foam with excellent resilience (energy loss coefficient ∼ 10 % and ball resilience ∼ 68.8 %). This study explores the mechanism by which TPU can self-absorb during microwave heating and extends this process to TPU materials with varying thicknesses (16.5 mm thickness before foaming) and chain compositions, as well as different types of elastomeric materials or materials with elastomer-like properties (e.g., PBAT, etc.). The SFU strategy not only significantly reduces energy and gas consumption but also steers the technological advancement of foam production towards a greener and more sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Organic cations intercalated MnPS 3 is prepared via a liquid-phase reaction. • The conductivity of Mn 1− x PS 3 (Me 4 N+) 2 x is hundreds of times that of MnPS 3. • Mn 1− x PS 3 (Me 4 N+) 2 x delivers much higher capacity and longer cycling life. • The detailed reaction mechanism is clarified by ex-situ XRD analysis. Two-dimensional ternary metal phosphorus trisulfides have emerged as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries owing to their intriguing layered structure, flexible composition and high surface activity. However, these materials still suffer from low rate capability and poor cycling performance due to pulverization during the de/sodiation processes. Herein, two-dimensional intercalated Mn 1− x PS 3 (Me 4 N+) 2 x with vacancy defects and expanded interlamellar spacing is prepared through a mild liquid-phase reaction using MnPS 3 powder grown by chemical vapor deposition as the precursor. The vacancy defect regulates the electronic structure and improves the electrical conductivity, while the expanded interlayer space accelerates ion diffusion, providing spacious storage space for Na+ ions and alleviating volume expansion. These synergistic effects collectively enhance the capacity and stability of MnPS 3. The prepared Mn 1− x PS 3 (Me 4 N+) 2 x electrode affords high capacities of 890 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g and 615 mAh/g at 5 A/g, along with an ultralong cycle life of 700 cycles at 1 A/g with a capacity retention of 94 %. These results hold significant implications in advancing the electrochemical performance of MPS 3 -based sodium-ion batteries by employing intercalation and defect engineering strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Overview of hydrogel biosensors in the field of medical electronics. • The summary of the characteristics of non-implantable and implantable hydrogel biosensors. • Review of the design methodologies and application scenarios for integrated multifunctional hydrogel biosensors. • Prospects for the future development of more biocompatible hydrogel bioelectronics. Hydrogels and their sensors are emerging as key players in biomedical electronics, offering flexible, programmable structures and functions. Hydrogel-based sensors with stress–strain and electrophysiological sensing capabilities have consistently attracted interest. However, non-implantable hydrogel sensors often face challenges such as low sensitivity and slow response times, hindering their ability to detect subtle movements and causing delays in signal transmission. On the other hand, implantable hydrogel sensors, known for their biocompatibility and ionic conductivity, are better suited for long-term in vivo monitoring. Yet, their interface with biological tissues can lead to high impedance, adversely affecting signal quality and reducing sensor effectiveness. Furthermore, certain implantable hydrogel sensors may have limitations in light transmission properties, posing challenges in co-transmitting photoelectric signals for various applications. To address these challenges, researchers have been focusing on optimizing the mechanical and electrical properties of hydrogels. This involves modifications in precursor materials and structural designs, leading to the integration of multiple functionalities and significant performance improvements in hydrogel sensors. This systematic review covers existing studies on hydrogel sensors for biomedical electronics, from basic functionalities to more complex ones, and includes both non-implantable and implantable devices. Additionally, it provides insights into the future design principles and potential application scenarios for the next generation of multifunctional hydrogel sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mechanism of VOC adsorption in the PCO process. • Prediction of adsorption kinetics of VOCs on TiO 2 filters. • Impact of operational conditions on VOC adsorption performance. • Adsorption kinetics of by-products formed during PCO degradation. Adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) onto the surface of a TiO 2 filter is essential for initiating photocatalytic oxidation (PCO). This study investigated the adsorption coefficients (K) of 14 VOCs under different relative humidities (RH) and explored the influence of different air velocities on the adsorption of Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Consequently, a polyparameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) model was established to predict ln K at 35 % RH (ln K 35 % ). Moreover, the study found that ln K has a linear relationship with RH, represented as ln K = α R H + β. The parameters ′ α ′ and ′ β ′ can be accurately predicted using the Henry's Law constant (K° OH) and ln K 35 % , respectively. By combining the pp-LFER model with regression equations for ′ α ′ and ′ β ′ , it is possible to predict ln K for VOCs across various RH levels. The study also revealed that the adsorption coefficient of increases with escalating air velocities (0.04 – 0.34 m/s), primarily due to mass transfer. The observed low adsorption performance for aldehydes, commonly seen as by-products in the PCO process, suggests cautious usage of the PCO filtration system in practice before the by-products are eliminated downstream. This study offers valuable insights for the practical application of PCO technologies in the comprehensive removal of indoor VOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Efficient molecule enrichment across a dynamic water-water interface. • Robust hydrogel polymeric backbone allows for efficient pollutant arrestment. • Magnetically actuated spinning concentrates pollutants rapidly by ≥300-fold. • Ultrasensitive colorimetric monitoring for reliable water chemistry analysis. • Energy and time-efficient while preserving innate chemical properties of pollutants. The efficient accumulation of molecules from dilute solutions is crucial for facilitating pollutant decontamination, trace analyte detection, and chemical reactions. However, current methods to concentrate molecules are limited by prolonged processing times, high energy consumption, and a narrow range of applicable molecules. Herein, we introduce a magnetic-responsive spinnable hydrogel marble (SHM) as a miniature molecule concentrator for efficient water decontamination and sensing applications. The spinning motion of SHM creates a dynamic water-water interface within an aqueous environment, generating a vortex-like hydrodynamic flow that actively delivers molecules into the embedded hydrogel microdroplet. Notably, the SHM achieves a remarkable ∼95 % decontamination efficiency for cationic organic water pollutants in just 15 min while simultaneously concentrating molecules within SHM by ≥300-fold, a feat that remains challenging with conventional non-dynamic liquid interface. Moreover, the SHM also doubles as a versatile concentrator-cum-detection platform for ultrasensitive colorimetric sensing of organic pollutants in real wastewater at >99 % accuracy, thereby allowing the on-site readout of water chemistry using naked eyes or smartphone for prompt intervention. By enabling the efficient and swift concentration of molecules in an energy-efficient manner, our unique design effectively addresses the drawbacks of traditional approaches and creates enormous opportunities for diverse analytical, environmental, and chemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An NH 4 CF 3 SO 3 -TEP organic electrolyte is developed to stabilize WO 3 electrochromic films. • Hydrogen bonds between NH 4 + and WO 3 lattice suppress "ion trapping" effect and structural degradation. • The bulky CF 3 SO 3 − anions and large TEP solvent molecules also contribute to the prolonged lifespan. • WO 3 films achieve improved electrochromic activity and cycling stability in this electrolyte. As the best-known and extensively-studied electrochromic material, tungsten trioxide (WO 3) has drawn tremendous interest due to its low material cost, environmental benignity, dual band regulation, high optical modulation, and high chemical stability. However, these films always suffer from ion-trapping-induced degradation in electrochromic performance when cycled in alkali cation (such as Li+, Na+, K+, etc.) electrolytes. Herein, we report a stable WO 3 electrochromic system enabled by a NH 4 CF 3 SO 3 -TEP (Triethyl phosphate) organic electrolyte. Based on comparative experiments and systematic characterizations, the prolonged cycling stability is mainly attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the NH 4 + ions and the WO 3 lattice, which are much weaker than metallic coordination bonds. Furthermore, the bulky CF 3 SO 3 − anion and large TEP solvent molecule are also favorable to stabilize WO 3 , since they are more resistive to be co-inserted into the WO 3 lattice along with the shuttling NH 4 + cations. Thanks to these merits, this NH 4 CF 3 SO 3 -TEP electrolyte simultaneously enables great electrochromic activity (76.1 % transmittance modulating ability at 633 nm) and impressive cyclic color-switching stability (1000 times color change without any detectable electrochromic performance or mechanical degradation), overwhelmingly outperforming the conventional Li+/K+ electrolytes. Furthermore, as a demonstration of its application, a WO 3 /Zn electrochromic device is fabricated based on a NH 4 +/Zn2+-CF 3 SO 3 dual-cation TEP electrolyte. These findings may shed light on the in-depth understanding of WO 3 ′s "ion trapping" effect, as well as the electrolyte design of high-performance WO 3 -based electrochromic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Photocatalytic performance of plasma-treated Au catalyst depends on oxide supports. • Plasma-treatment leads to distinct interactions between oxide supports and Au. • Strong interaction between CeO 2 and Au enables high intrinsic activity of Au/CeO 2. • Moderate interaction between TiO 2 and Au favors forming Au-TiO 2 interfacial sites. • Au-TiO 2 interface exhibits low Schottky barrier height for hot-electron transfer. Supported Au nanocatalysts are highly attractive plasmonic nanostructures for visible light (VL) photocatalysis due to their significant promise in direct conversion of solar to chemical energy. A promising strategy to prepare high-performance supported plasmonic Au nanocatalysts is treating the catalysts with plasma, where the support holds the key to constructing active Au-support interfaces by interacting with Au nanoparticles. Herein the role of oxide supports in constructing plasma-treated plasmonic Au nanocatalysts for VL photocatalytic oxidation of CO is studied by comparing effect of plasma treatment on typical oxides of TiO 2 , CeO 2 and Al 2 O 3 supported Au nanocatalysts. After O 2 plasma treatment, CeO 2 supported Au nanocatalyst obtains the highest intrinsic catalytic activity due to its high dispersion of Au nanoparticles induced by strong interaction between CeO 2 and Au and strong oxygen activation ability. The O 2 plasma treatment enables TiO 2 supported Au nanocatalyst to exhibit the largest enhancement in catalytic activity under VL irradiation, which originates from the favorable hot-electron transfer process. This process is not only attributed to the strong surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles and large numbers of Au-TiO 2 interfacial sites that result from moderate interaction between TiO 2 and Au, but also depends on the low Schottky barrier height at Au-TiO 2 interface due to the small work function difference between TiO 2 and metallic Au. This investigation deepens the understanding of the role of oxide supports in constructing plasma-treated supported Au nanocatalysts, and can be instructive for the design and optimization of plasmonic Au nanocatalysts for VL photocatalytic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, by combining conformational isomeric moiety to MR-emitting core, we propose a new pathway to reduce the concentration sensitivity without compromising color purity of MR-TADF emitters. [Display omitted] • Two novel MR-TADF emitters with conformational isomerism were designed. • Conformational isomerism is introduced to deal with poor concentration dependence. • Concentration quenching can be suppressed with barely harming color purity. • BNCz-aDMAC-based OLEDs achieve superior performance with low concentration dependence. Electroluminescent performance of multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is highly dependent to the doping concentration due to the flat molecular structures, which is a major issue toward practical applications. Herein, an effective approach reducing the concentration dependence is proposed by introducing conformational isomerism for MR-TADF emitters. Two novel MR-TADF emitters were designed by decorating 10H-spiro[acridine-9,2′-adamantane] (a-DMAc) as a dual-conformational moiety onto the MR-core BNCz with different connection methods, which could induce different conformational distributions. In particular, the conformational isomerism of BNCz-aDMAC leads to a lower fraction of QE forms compared to the QE-dominant BNCz-PDMAC in amorphous doped film states with identical doping weights, thus enabling effective suppression of concentration quenching with barely harming color purity. Therefore, BNCz-aDMAC-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) demonstrate consistent and high efficiency over a wide doping range, maintaining a maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.8 % and a full width at half maximum of 31 nm even at a high doping ratio of 30 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ZnCrO x spinel is prepared and mixed with SAPO-34 for syngas conversion. • Concentration of precipitant influences oxygen vacancy concentration. • Hydrogen calcination contributes to generate more oxygen vacancies. • More oxygen vacancies promote the chemisorption and conversion of CO. • A CO conversion of 43 % and a C 2 =-C 4 = selectivity of 86 % are achieved. Metal oxides play a crucial role in catalytic activity of bifunctional catalyst for directly converting syngas into light olefins. A series of ZnCr oxides were synthesized with varying concentrations of precipitant and different atmospheres of precipitate treatment via co-precipitation method. The characterization results indicate that suitable concentration of precipitant and hydrogen calcination contribute to the generation of more oxygen vacancies that can promote the chemical adsorption of CO. Density function theory calculations confirmed that the adsorption energy of CO could be decreased with increasing concentration of oxygen vacancies, and that the formation energy of oxygen vacancies was lower under the hydrogen atmosphere as compared to the oxygen atmosphere. The catalytic activity demonstrated that more oxygen vacancies promoted the chemisorption and conversion of CO. The ZnCr oxide obtained through hydrogen calcination exhibited the highest concentration of oxygen vacancy and achieved a C 2 =-C 4 = selectivity of 86 % and a CO conversion of 43 % at 4 MPa and 5400 mL g−1h−1 combined with SAPO-34 zeolite. These findings suggest that increasing oxygen vacancy concentration on the surface of metal oxides is an effective approach for designing high-performance catalysts for directly converting syngas into light olefins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Constructing dendritic antibacterial nanocomposite loaded lyotropic liquid crystal. • Multimodal antimicrobial mechanisms driven enhanced bacterial elimination effect. • Excellent wound healing in a surgical incision infection model was achieved. Superficial incisional surgical site infections (SISSIs) were a serious challenge leading to delayed wound healing and even systemic diseases. The high incidence of antibiotic resistance and unprotected wound lesions severely hindered the current therapeutical efficiency. In this study, an antibacterial nanocomposite PAMAM-PLL@AuNPs was designed to avoid antibiotic resistance, and a lyotropic liquid crystal system was used for local drug delivery and protecting lesions. The PAMAM-PLL was constructed with polyamide amine (PAMAM) as the core and polylysine (PLL) as the branch chain, which increased the antibacterial activity by 4 times. After being connected to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a further 2 times antibacterial activity improvement was achieved. PAMAM-PLL@AuNPs could eliminate bacteria by multimodal mechanisms, including causing leakage of intracellular substances, inducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and inhibiting bacterial metabolism. Thanks to their spontaneous phase transition and the mechanical response characteristics of the lattice structure, lyotropic liquid crystal with self-healing characteristics was employed to load PAMAM-PLL@AuNPs. The unique structure facilitated buffering external forces and accelerated wound healing. The excellent antibacterial and wound healing properties of the lyotropic liquid crystal drug delivery system were confirmed by a surgical incision infection model. This study is expected to provide a robust strategy for the treatment of SISSIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A Pickering interfacial catalyst featuring dual-response and B&di-L acid was innovatively prepared. • An intelligent Pickering emulsion was initially employed in the glucose to HMF. • The intelligent Pickering emulsion allowed for the simultaneous achievement of two objectives. • The intelligent Pickering emulsion exhibited promising potential for industrial applications. The efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a critical process for maximizing the value of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the existing systems of binary solvent and ionic liquids (ILs) commonly employed for this conversion often encounter significant interphase mass transfer resistance and exhibit lower utilization efficiency of ILs. Herein, the study presents the precise fabrication of a novel Pickering interfacial catalyst, P(0.8[CL 8 ]-[ILs] 2 -[SP])@SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 with immobilized magneto-optical bi-sensitizer and Brønsted&di-superimposed-Lewis acid functionalized ILs (B-L-ILs), realized through surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The construction of an intelligent Pickering emulsion with dual-stimuli-responsive properties was effectively accomplished by accurate manipulation under Vis-light radiation, utilizing P(0.8[CL 8 ]-[ILs] 2 -[SP])@SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4. The presence of this emulsion significantly enhances interphase mass transfer in a binary solvent system, while the incorporation of B-L-ILs at interphase interfaces in Pickering emulsion greatly facilitates the efficient conversion of glucose to HMF. The Pickering interfacial catalyst demonstrates exceptional and unprecedented performance, as evidenced by its ability to achieve a glucose conversion rate of 96.3% and HMF yield of 86.7%. Various characterizations, experimental analyses, and kinetic studies synergistically confirm the efficient conversion of glucose to HMF in the Pickering emulsion. The effective control of Pickering demulsification can be intelligently achieved by simultaneously applying magnetic stimulation and UV-light irradiation, while its catalytic activity remains unaltered even after undergoing five consecutive cycles. This study presents a novel approach to enhance the efficiency of HMF production by combining a cutting-edge Pickering emulsion with B-L-ILs, thereby accomplishing two objectives simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • AuNC-based dynamic multicolor luminescent nanoparticles were prepared. • FRET between AuNCs and spiropyran enables dynamic fluorescence response. • AuNC-based photoswitches exhibit reversible and dynamic fluorescence change. • Dynamic multicolor luminescent film shows great potential for anti-counterfeiting. Multicolor luminescent materials with time-dependent optical responses are attractive for developing advanced anti-counterfeiting techniques, but it still remains challenging to rationally design and fabricate these emerging materials. Herein, we report the design of novel dynamic luminescent materials based on spiropyran-engineered gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) for anti-counterfeiting applications. Encapsulating fluorescent AuNCs with spiropyran-labeled bovine serum albumin enables the construction of dynamic multicolor luminescent nanoparticles (DML NPs) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. These AuNCs-based DML NPs exhibit photochromism and dynamic fluorescence color change from green to yellow to orange-red with the extension of UV irradiation time. Moreover, the photochromism and dynamic fluorescent behavior is highly reversible when exposed to the irradiation of visible light. By taking advantage of photochromic and time-dependent dynamic fluorescence, potential application in optical information storage, dynamic anti-counterfeiting authentication and multi-mode anti-counterfeiting are successfully demonstrated based on DML NPs-deposited polyvinyl alcohol film. This study provides a new strategy of designing novel dynamic multicolor luminescent materials with promising optical properties, which can further advance the practical application of AuNCs-based luminescent materials in the field of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The impact of H 2 and ZVI on in-situ biogas upgrading was thoroughly assessed. • The combined hydrogen addition's effect is less pronounced than that of single one. • Exogenous H 2 supply was found to enhance the collaborative interaction among microbes. • The quantity of hydrogen has varying effects on methane yield and biogas upgrading. In-situ biogas upgrading is a promising approach for enhancing carbon dioxide capture and efficient resource use. Recent investigations have highlighted that exogenous hydrogen can be used to purify biogas. However, the effects of exogenous hydrogen supply on in-situ biogas upgrading remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of direct and indirect hydrogen supply on in-situ biogas upgrading and elucidated potential underlying mechanisms. Significant enhancements were observed in methane production efficiency and biogas upgrading using an exogenous hydrogen supply. Batch tests showed that adding 10 g/L coarse zero valent iron (cZVI) resulted in a high cumulative methane yield of 286.4 mL/g-volatile solids (VS) and methane content of 95.5%, representing a 2.2-fold and 1.5-fold increase, respectively, compared to results in the absence of cZVI. In semi-continuous tests, the use of hollow fibers to enhance hydrogen diffusion led to an increased methane production rate (52.0 mL/g-VS·d), while less hydrogen was more favorable for biogas purification (92.0% methane). Further analysis revealed that an exogenous hydrogen supply enhances cooperative interactions between hydrolysis microbes, acetogenesis microbes, and methanogens to promote methane production and biogas upgrading. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of exogenous hydrogen supply on in-situ biogas upgrading during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, informing future development of strategies for enhancing methane production and biogas upgrading from waste sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kind of highly efficient and stable OER electrocatalyst, stoichiometric iron vanadium sulfides, is elaborately proposed and fabricated on nickel foam (NF). Due to the unique electronic structure, Fe 1.94 V 1.06 S 4 /NF electrode exhibits an electrocatalytic OER performance superior to the state-of-art NiFe-based ones for water splitting. It requires low overpotentials of 471 ± 13 and 567 ± 11 mV (without iR compensation) to deliver ultrahigh current densities of 1000 and 1500 mA cm−2 during 150 h continuous galvanostatic electrolysis, respectively. [Display omitted] • Stoichiometric iron vanadium sulfides were synthesized on nickel foam (NF). • Fe 1.94 V 1.06 S 4 /NF delivers large current densities at low overpotentials for OER. • The OER performance of Fe 1.94 V 1.06 S 4 /NF is superior to most of the previous electrocatalysts. • Electronic interactions between V2+ and Fe3+ cations in Fe 1.94 V 1.06 S 4 enhance its OER activity. Rational design of inexpensive electrocatalysts with high activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) consisting of a complex four-electron process is of great importance for developing renewable energies in the form of hydrogen fuel from water electrolysis. Herein, we develop an exceptionally active and stable OER electrocatalyst, stoichiometric iron vanadium sulfide (Fe 1.94 V 1.06 S 4) grown on nickel foam (NF). This electrocatalyst affords current densities of 100 and 1500 mA cm−2 at low overpotentials of 193 and 253 mV, respectively, and has stable operation time of exceeding 150 h in alkaline electrolyte, which dramatically outperforms most of the recently reported electrocatalysts (typically, the state-of-the-art NiFe-based electrocatalysts). Systematic investigations on the effects of vanadium and its valence state demonstrate that Fe3+ coupled with V2+ in Fe 1.94 V 1.06 S 4 endows a larger benefit on the OER than the counterparts in FeV 2 S 4 and vanadium-doped pyrrhotite (Fe 7− x V x S 8). Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal the highly conductive stoichiometric iron vanadium sulfides and favored binding energetics of the OER intermediates on them with a derived amorphous Fe–V oxyhydroxide overlayer due to the synergistically optimized the electronic structure. Thus, a novel bimetallic system containing low-valent vanadium is anticipated to work effectively to enable the communities to scrutinize and exploit new electrocatalysts for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Discarded bamboo chips were used as the raw material. • PAB is prepared by mid-high temperature activation and low-temperature air oxidation. • Air oxidation markedly increases oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. • Air oxidation leads to a larger mesoporous volume and higher mesoporous ratio. • Oxidized porous activated biochar shows dramatic increases in specific capacitance. Activated biochar prepared by a single pyrolysis process often has poor pore structure and insufficient surface oxygen-containing groups, which severely inhibit its application in supercapacitors. Herein, we synthesized bamboo-based porous activated biochar (PAB) via coordinated regulation including carbonization at 450 °C, ZnCl 2 activation at 400 ∼ 800 °C, and air oxidation at 200 ∼ 350 °C. The results showed that the coordinated regulation could efficiently improve the physicochemical structure and electrochemical properties of PAB. Air oxidation exhibited an obvious improving effect on the activated carbon prepared with mid-temperature activation (optimal at 600 °C), which was strengthened with increasing oxidation temperature from 200 °C to 350 °C. Air oxidation following 600 °C activation could improve the mesoporous rate by etching the pore, and simultaneously introduce more oxygen-containing groups such as carbonyl (C=O) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups, which could enhance the wettability of PAB. The optimal synergistic temperature of ZnCl 2 activation and air oxidation was 600 °C and 350 °C (PAB-600-350), respectively. PAB-600-350 is a wonderful supercapacitor electrode material with a higher surface oxygen content (20.74%) and a superior mesoporous rate (35%). At 1 A/g, PAB-600-350 showed the highest capacitance of 256 F/g, which was 2-fold that of PAB-600 (128 F/g). PAB-600-350 capacitors also supplied an excellent energy density of 12.54 Wh/kg at the power density of 225 W/kg in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. Furthermore, a density functional theory (DFT) analysis was performed to investigate the interaction between PAB and electrolyte ions. The results showed that oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface can increase the dipole moment of the material and enhance the adsorption of PAB for electrolyte ions (K+). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • BiO x -[Pt-TiO 2 - T ] catalysts are assembled by a dual modification strategy. • Pt-O/Pt active sites can be remarkably enhanced by TiO 2 - T and BiO x. • Relationship between Pt-O/Pt sites and electrocatalytic activity is demonstrated. • BiO x -[Pt-TiO 2 -950] shows outstanding anti-deactivation and long-term durability. • Complete oxidation mechanism of methanol is proposed on BiO x -[Pt-TiO 2 - T ]. Understanding the details of how Pt-O/Pt active sites are boosted is essential for many catalytic reactions. Herein, different anatase/rutile (A/R) phase ratios of TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by controlling calcination temperature (T), and irreversibly adsorbed Bi(III) are employed to dually improve the Pt-O/Pt active sites and their electrocatalytic activities. It is found that a T -dependent concave improvement trend is obtained on Pt/TiO 2 - T for the Pt-O/Pt active sites and electrocatalytic methanol oxidation rate. In the simultaneous presence of TiO 2 - T and BiO x , the electron-rich R(1 1 0) facet of TiO 2 -950 can promote the formation of bimetallic Bi-Pt sites, and the oxygen-acceptable Bi(III) is favorite for the electrochemical assembly of {Bi-O x -Pt} active sites on the R(1 1 0) facet, further achieving a remarkable increase of 19.7-fold and 4.5-fold for the Pt-O/Pt active sites and electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation compared with the case of bare Pt electrodes, respectively. The relationship between the Pt-O/Pt active sites and electrocatalytic properties is demonstrated, and the complete oxidation mechanism of methanol is proposed on BiO x -[Pt-TiO 2 -950] with reliable long-term durability. This study shows a new dually tuning strategy to maximize the utilization efficiency and anti-deactivated ability of Pt-based catalysts by TiO 2 - T and BiO x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The ternary CeO 2 @CNTs/CdSe photocatalyst was successfully synthesized. • The photocatalyst exhibited good photocatalytic degradation for Congo red. • The adsorbed Cr(VI) was completely reduced to Cr(III). • The photocatalytic degradation and reduction mechanisms were analyzed. Constructing heterogeneous catalyst with different bandgaps is a prospect way to realize efficient charge transfer of catalytic redox reaction. Semiconductor-based catalyst as a prospective material can effectively solve sewage issues under light irradiation, but the efficiency is greatly influenced by the recombination rate of photoelectrons and holes. In this work, cerium dioxide (CeO 2) nanoparticles (NPs) were grown in-situ on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which can maintain the pollutant removal efficiency of pure CeO 2 NPs and enhance the adsorption intensity under visible light for CeO 2 @CNTs composite. Furthermore, the introduction of cadmium selenide (CdSe) was conducive to establish built-in electronic field in the ternary CeO 2 @CNTs/CdSe catalyst, which effectively enhanced the catalytic activity of CeO 2 @CNTs/CdSe. In comparison to CNTs, CdSe, CeO 2 and CeO 2 @CNTs composite, the ternary CeO 2 @CNTs/CdSe catalyst exhibited higher photocurrent intensity, lower recombination of photoelectrons and holes (e-/h+) pairs, indicating much better photocatalytic activity. CeO 2 @CNTs/CdSe as photocatalyst displayed excellent adsorption ability for Congo red (CR), which contributed to increase the transparency of reaction solution and improve the utilization rate to light, the evaluated degradation efficiency of CR achieved 83.58 % and the reduction ratio of Cr(VI) was nearly 100 %. This work confirms that CeO 2 @CNTs/CdSe composite with excellent adsorption and photocatalytic ability is a promising photocatalyst material in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel crosslinker of spermidine and terephthalaldehyde is used in biomaterials. • An in situ comparison between spermidine (SPD) and diethylenetriamine is conducted. • SPD-empowered hydrogels/films favor M2 macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. • SPD-functionalized films reduce inflammation by down-regulating AMPK/NFκB signaling. • SPD-functionalized biomaterials accelerate wound healing by metabolic reprogramming. Medical implants often induce foreign body reaction (FBR) from the host immune system, which may cause implant failure. Spermidine is a natural polyamine with various important functions, especially in immunomodulation. Herein, two types of spermidine-functionalized biomaterials have been fabricated: one is hydrogels from natural biopolymers and the other is composite films based on synthetic polymers. Both spermidine-functionalized hydrogels and films can inhibit inflammatory responses of macrophages and favor the polarization toward M2 phenotype in vitro. More importantly, both spermidine-functionalized biomaterials downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats and accelerate the transition from M1 macrophage-dominated phase to M2 macrophage-dominated phase, leading to faster and more natural wound healing. An "operando" proteomic analysis has yielded interesting hits that suggest possible mechanisms to explain our in vivo observations and the recent reports about spermidine. Hence, the local administration of spermidine in medical implants may afford a more natural and elegant way to mitigate implant-induced inflammation and foreign body reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Key processes and governing mechanisms of Cr removal by biochars are digested. • Targeted synthesis of biochar is proposed to improve the performance of Cr removal. • Influencing factors of Cr removal are analyzed with a focus on their corresponding effect. • Applications in treating Cr-contaminated wastewater and advantages of biochar are discussed. Biochar has caught much attention owing to its excellent characteristics and prominent performance in the treatment of various contaminants. Many studies have demonstrated that biochar displays brilliant capacity for Chromium (Cr) removal and holds great promise for practical applications. There is a critical need to summarize recent developments in the preparations and applications of biochars especially engineered ones in removing Cr from water. To satisfy this need, this critical review first digests the key processes and governing mechanisms that control the removal of Cr by biochars. It then summarizes various novel preparation and modification techniques designed based on the mechanisms for maximizing biochar performance. In addition, the review also evaluates the influencing factors with a focus on their corresponding effect on Cr removal by biochar, thereby providing insights into optimal operation conditions. Most importantly, it innovatively outlines several practical applications cases of biochars in treating Cr contaminated wastewater to demonstrate their robust performs even under harsh conditions. At the end, the review outlines final conclusions and future research directions to further promote the application of biochar in the remediation of Cr in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of MA-salts are adopted for synergistic effects on perovskite in MGR-SGG. • The released MA gas promotes grain growth while the backbones passivate surface. • The synergistic effects are tuned according to the decomposition rates of MA-salts. • OPEM-treated PSC achieves higher PCE (22.4%) and stability than the untreated PSC. The effectiveness of post-treatment on formamide (FA)-based perovskites by applying methylammonium (MA) has not been reported so far, due to the formation of fatal δ-phase. Herein, we select a series of carboxyl compounds to form their MA salts, utilizing the volatile nature of MA+, so as to control the release of MA gas via an MA-gas-releasing secondary grain growth (MGR-SGG) technique, stabilizing FA-based perovskite while inhibiting the formation of photo-inactive δ-phase. After such a treatment, perovskite grains fuse into larger ones, forming perovskites with better crystallinity, while the remaining compounds, including the carboxyl molecules and the undecomposed MA salts left on the perovskite surface, present passivation effect. The synergetic effects are tuned by varying the carboxyl acid backbones, and the moderate OPEM exhibits suitable MA gas release rate and strong interaction with perovskite, therefore sufficiently diminish defect density, contributing to increased open-circuit voltages by more than 20 mV, and enhanced maximum power conversion efficiency from 21.3% (untreated cells) to 22.4% (MGR-SGG treated cells), along with promoted device stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gradient bimetallic ratio of alloyed metal thiophosphate enhanced the Li+ diffusion and electron transfer rate. • The in-situ X-ray diffraction technique was applied to confirm the phase evolution process of FCPS-5/NC anode. • Theoretical calculations clarified the promotion of ion/electronic conductivity. • Full cells with FCPS-5/NC anode showed superior lithium storage performance. Metal phosphorous trisulfide (MPS 3) is considered to be the promising anode material for LIBs owing to the advantage of its high capacity and layered structure. Nevertheless, the inferior reaction kinetics resulting from its low electron conductivity hinder its further practical application. Herein, bimetallic alloy Fe x Co 1- x PS 3 with gradient Fe: Co coated by a nitrogen-doped carbon layer is designed to accelerate the electron transfer and Li-ion diffusion rate. The in-situ X-ray diffraction technique is applied to precisely confirm the phase evolution of the Fe 0.63 Co 0.37 PS 3 coated by N-doped carbon layer (FCPS-5/NC) anode upon the (de)lithiation process. Theoretical calculations confirm that alloying with Co can reduce the bandgap and decrease the energy barrier of Li ion diffusion. In addition, the conductive carbon layer can improve the electric conductivity of the whole electrode. As an anode for LIBs, the FCPS-5/NC electrode reveals a high rate capacity of 554 mA h g−1 at 3.0 A/g and thus achieves a comparable lithium storage performance among the reported MPS 3 -based anodes. Meanwhile, the Li-ion full cell assembled with FCPS-5/NC anode also exhibited excellent cycling performance, confirming its value for practical application. This work demonstrates a brand-new strategy to prepare advanced MPS 3 -based materials for superior LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bulky TPA is favorable for photochromism in the crystalline state. • Bulky TPA can help to form amorphous materials during fast precipitation procedure. • Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer is inhibited in the amorphous state for inactive photochromism. • Distinguished photochromism is utilized for bimodal encryption-decryption. Multimodal encryption-decryption with photochromism has been proved to ensure information security with great feasibility and operability. However, most of the photochromic materials are applied in single-mode encryption-decryption and highly dependent on crystallization, requiring long manufacturing time and lacking of controllability. Hence, amorphous materials with simple preparation and bimodal encryption-decryption are of good alternates. Herein, we have succeeded in developing an aggregation-induced emission-active and photochromic ATPA-SAB with crystalline form via introduction of the propeller-like and bulky triphenylamine (TPA). Expectedly, the amorphous materials can be obtained by fast precipitation. Examining its amorphous structures, the intramolecular N‧‧‧H distances of around 4.000 Å is largely over the normal intramolecular hydrogen bond of circa 1.800 Å, impeding the intrinsic excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process (ESIPT) for the first time, hence prohibiting photochromism. This work not only provides a strategy to construct amorphous materials and inhibit ESIPT process with TPA, but also applies both crystalline and amorphous materials for bimodal encryption-decryption to upgrade information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A coprecipitation method was applied to fabricate BiOBr/MIL-53(Fe) novel photocatalyst. • The MIL-53(Fe) doping endowed BiOBr with the stronger adsorption ability and higher utilization efficiency of visible light. • The heterojunction can be formed between MIL-53(Fe) and BiOBr to enhance the photocatalytic degradation performance. • The degradation pathway of carbamazepine was put forward based on the experimental results. In this work, a series of BiOBr/MIL-53(Fe) hybrid photocatalysts have prepared by a facile co-precipitation method. Rhodamine B (RhB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) were selected as the targets to evaluate the visible-light photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples. All of the hybrids exhibited better catalytic performance compared to the pristine BiOBr, and the performance of BiOBr/MIL-53 (with 20 wt% of MIL-53) was the most efficient. The excellent performance can be contributed to the incorporation of MIL-53(Fe) which not only form the heterojunction with BiOBr to inhibit the recombination of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs, but also utilize the visible light more effectively. The photocatalytic mechanism was studied, it shows that OH and h+ were both the main active species for the degradation of contaminants. Moreover, the degradation pathways of CBZ via the photocatalysis over BiOBr/MIL-53(Fe) hybrid were presented based on the determination of LC–MS/MS and the results of catalytic mechanisms. With the recent increase in reported MOFs materials, we believe a new class of hybrid catalytic materials is possible. This result is conceptually interesting as it opens the door to various MOF-based BiOBr materials for environmental purification and restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A relationship exists between biosorption and bioflocculation in MBFs application. • Heavy metal removal depends on the adsorption but also on the separation of MBFs. • Zeta potential presents a similar profile in the heavy metal hydroxide precipitation. • Three-phase division of zeta potential guides the addition of MBFGA1. • Insufficient precipitation favors the simultaneous biosorption and bioflocculation. The microbial flocculants (MBFs) hold the potential of biosorption to removal the heavy metals. However, it remains unclear what the relationship between biosorption and bioflocculation. Here, during the hydroxide precipitation of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, besides the commonly used pH, a three-phase division of zeta potential curves provided an orientation for the addition of MBFs. The plateau phase of zeta potential, indicating an insufficient hydroxide precipitation, was appropriate for introducing MBFGA1, a polysaccharide-based MBF. Its removal capacities on Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd reached the highest of 250 mg/g, 96.7 mg/g, 551.1 mg/g and 233.3 mg/g, respectively. A sufficiently suspended hydroxide precipitates of Pb could receive a higher dosage of MBFGA1, ensure their thorough separation, and finally improve the removal efficiency. In order to further control the residual risk of MBFGA1, the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize this process. The compromised results improved the Pb removal rate to 98% in a weak acidic solution at pH 6.2. The precipitates composition and crystallinity, the functional groups and the molecular morphology were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform-infrared spectra (FTIRs) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The results indicated that the negatively-charged hydroxyl, carbonyl, amino and phosphoryl played the significant roles on fixing the molecular of MBFGA1 on the precipitates, providing the points for the aggregation of flocs, and capturing the residual Pb ions. The insufficient hydroxide precipitation laid the foundation for these multiple functions of MBFGA1, and promoted the synergistic effects between biosorption and bioflocculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]