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Objective This paper discusses the quality requirements of ethane for the production of ethylene to determine the different quality requirements of ethane for different utilization and transportation ways, and further discusses the detection methods of different quality indicators of ethane in order to provide technical support for the relevant industry producing ethane from natural gas.Methods This paper mainly refers to the quality requirements of ethane products in the American Gas Processing Engineering Data Manual (GPSA) and the PetroChina enterprise standard of Q/SY 01027-2019 Technical specification of ethane extracted from natural gas. Based on these two documents, the quality requirements and indexes of gaseous and liquid ethane products in China were studied and discussed intensively, respectively. Results The ethane products may be divided into three classes according to their gaseous and liquid characteristics. Ethane products come from natural gas, so it is appropriate to use natural gas sampling method for sampling and to use related analysis and test standards of natural gas for its main quality determination. Conclusions At present, there are no national or industrial standards for ethane products in China. It is suggested that the relevant departments should faciliate the development process of national or industrial standards for ethane products to uniformly regulate the quality indicators, classification, inspection rules and delivery acceptance of ethane products. And then it can provide technical support for the implementation of ethane recovery projects, as well as promote the establishment of China’s ethane market and production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim is to comprehensively understand the research status and application trends of oily drilling sludge at home and abroad. Methods Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, this paper searched literature relating to oily drilling sludge research from 2007 to 2021, and adopted bibliometric method in analysis from multiple perspectives. Results The number of papers published in Chinese and English was rising from 2007 to 2021 while the former was higher than the latter. The funded projects with the largest number of publications globally were the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The influential institutions at home and abroad were China University of Petroleum (East China) and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Mineral Resources in Saudi Arabia. Researchers from China were highly active in this field, while the United States still takes the international leading position. Domestic research focused on drilling technology and petroleum sludge treatment, while studies aboard paid more attention to drilling materials and polluted water treatment. We also concluded that the studies on resource utilization of drilling mud was inadequate. Conclusions The resource utilization of oily sludge has become a research hotspot currently. Further, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of oily sludge for greening planting soil could be regarded as an important research and development direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s marine environment has enormous volumes of oil and gas (O＆G) resources and immense “blue carbon” potential. In the 14th Five-Year Plan, developing the marine economy, using marine resources, and protecting the marine ecological environment are one of China’s important socioeconomic development goals. However, the relationship between the exploitation of offshore O＆G resources, the protection of the marine ecosystem, and the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality has not been fully elucidated. This study expounds on the importance and vulnerability of marine ecosystems. Then it combines the status of offshore O＆G exploration and exploitation to present a conceptual model of offshore O＆G-ecology carbon feedback cycle, the pathway of deep connection, and the necessity of synergic development in carbon neutrality process. This paper advocates strategies such as closer combination of marine protection with offshore O＆G design and development, evaluating the carbon budget in the regional ecological assessment and developing low-carbon green oilfield materials to improve the sustainable development and utilization scheme of marine resources. This study aims to provide scientific and theoretical support for relevant institutions and promote in-depth collaboration across marine departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous increase of shale gas production in China, the associated water production is also increasing, which is the mixture of the water used for hydraulic fracturing and the brine retained in shale formation. During the treatment of produced water, valuable elements such as lithium, potassium and bromine are further enriched and concentrated. especially lithium. resources, which has broad prospects for development and utilization, and can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of strategic resource lithium in China. In this paper, the shale gas resources in Sichuan are introduced and summarized mainly. And the ion content in the produced water of shale gas in Weiyuan and Changning areas in southern Sichuan is listed respectively. At present, the produced water volume of each well in Weiyuan and Changning is 19 800 m³ and 15 293 m³ respectively, and the lithium content in most of the produced water is 10, 62-58, 96 mg/L, which has high economic utilization value. The reserves and prospects of lithium resources in the produced water of shale gas are predicted. The applicability of extraction method, membrane separation method and adsorption method to the extraction of lithium in shale gas produced water are summarized, which provides the reference for the comprehensive utilization of lithium resources from shale gas formation in southern Sichuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural gas is a low-carbon and clean energy, and the demand is growing under the background of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in China. Natural gas purification is an important part of the development of conventional gas fields. The optimal operation of natural gas purification device, energy conservation and emission reduction, and green energy business expansion are of great significance for promoting natural gas production and green and low-carbon development of the industry. Taking the natural gas purification plants of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas field Company, which is the earliest in China, the largest in scale, advanced in process technology, fully equipped and highly automated, as an example, the operating status of the existing units and the challenges facing the difficult control of product gas quality indicators and rising operating costs were analyzed. In combination with the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, this paper gives the specific directions and suggestions on how to increase processing capacity, improve emerging technologies, continue energy conservation and emission reduction, innovate control systems and carry out carbon capture, utilization and storage and green energy business expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The object of natural gas energy measurement is the total heat quantity generated after complete combustion. The energy value of natural gas is usually determined by multiplying the measured value of volume by the volume calorific value, and the volume calorific value depends on the composition of natural gas, that is, the mole fraction of each component in natural gas. The composition of natural gas in multi-gas source pipeline network usually changes with space position and time, thus each metering station of the pipeline network needs to determine the volume calorific value of natured gas input or output from the station at different times. Class A metering stations of long-distance pipelines in China are equipped with on-line gas chromatograph to analysis the calorific value of natural gas, while class B and class C metering stations can use simulation method to assign value to the calorific value of natural gas, so as to reduce the investment, operation and maintenance cost of configuring gas chromatograph. Methods Based on the theoretical basis of pipeline network simulation for energy measurement, aiming at a multi-gas source annular pipeline network, this paper est,1blishes the operation simuh1tion model with the functions of natural gas component tracking and calorific value calculation by using TGNET and SPS simulation software. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation results, the gas transmission efficiency of pipe section, a key parameter in the simulation model, is calibrated based on historical operation dat a. Results TGNET and SPS models are respectively used to dynamically simulate the historical operation process of the pipeline network for 48 hours. The deviation between the calorific value simulation result of TGNET model and the historical value is within 0. 3%. Conclusions The energy measurement of multi-gas source annular pipeline network based on operation simulation is a feasible method. The research results provide an operable method for the implementation and popularization of natural g,1s energy measurement in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Solve the up-to-standard emission problems of SO2 in flue gas of sulfur recovery unit of domestic small and medium-sized natural gas purification plant, and the short-term excessive emission of high concentration SO2 during start-up and shutdown of sulfur removal unit under the condition of low load or low H2S content and pre-vulcanization of hydrogenation catalyst. Methods The sulfur recovery, tail gas treatment process and sulfur output of 28 natural gas purification plants in China were statistically studied, and the application of four treatment processes at the present stage in the natural gas industry was analyzed, this paper introduced the relevant situation of SO2 catalytic adsorption technology in Claus tail gas developed by Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology. Results Some suggestions on SO2 emission reduction technology of natural gas purification plant were put forward: (1) Pay full attention to the problems of low load and stable operation of the unit caused by the change of potential sulfur in the gas field. (2) When adding tail gas treatment unit to the existing unit, avoid changing the process of the original sulfur recovery unit, and select the process technology that is environmental friendly, free of secondary pollutants and can be connected with the intelligent construction of the plant. (3) SO2 emission reduction should solve problems from the source, focusing on the fine operation and management of sulfur recovery unit, the correct use of catalyst and performance tracking analysis, so as to improve the sulfur recovery rate and reduce the load of back-end treatment. Conclusions Using above research results, on the one hand, it can ensure the long-term and stable operation of sulfur recovery unit, on the other hand, it can further reduce sulfur dioxide emission on the basis of existing emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]