1. The solubility of sulfur in hydrous basaltic melts
- Author
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Priscille Lesne, Michel Pichavant, Bruno Scaillet, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Italian Civil Defense INGV-DPC projects, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 282759,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,VUELCO(2011), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Analytical chemistry ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mineralogy ,Electron microprobe ,engineering.material ,Basaltic melts ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology ,Fugacity ,Solubility ,Pyrrhotite ,Dissolution ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Geology ,Sulfur ,Silicate ,chemistry ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,13. Climate action ,engineering ,Experiments ,Saturation (chemistry) - Abstract
Experiments were performed to determine the sulfur solubilities of hydrous basalts from Vesuvius, Etna and Stromboli (Italy). The melts were equilibrated at 1050 and 1200 °C with H 2 O and sulfur (added as pyrrhotite), and at pressures ranging from 250 to 2000 bar. Most experiments were performed under oxidising conditions (NNO + 2), and a few under reducing conditions (NNO − 1), with melt water contents of 0.5–3.5 wt.%. Sulfur contents in glasses were determined by electron microprobe and range from 860 up to 6700 ppm. No compositional effect is found between the three alkali basaltic melts. The fugacities of S-bearing species were derived using an MRK equation of state applied to an O–H–S fluid, knowing H 2 and H 2 O fugacities, and range from 50 up to 3000 bar. A thermodynamic species-based model is derived from our results along with available data in the literature, assuming that sulfur dissolution results from the additive contributions of both H 2 S and SO 2 dissolution reactions. Compared to similar models developed for silicic melts, basalt compositions requires the incorporation of an Fe term, which accounts for the strong association between Fe and S in silicate melts, and considers the elevated Fe content of mafic melts. The model shows that, at any fixed f S 2 , the sulfur solubility in hydrous basalt displays a pronounced minimum around NNO, the position of which depends on temperature. The minimum in sulfur solubility coincides with the redox range were the abundance of S 2 in the fluid reaches its maximum compared to either H 2 S or SO 2 species. Such a minimum in solubility is in agreement with experimental constraints at 1 bar under carefully controlled f O 2 and f S 2 . Calculated proportions of dissolved species in the melt depend on the prevailing f S 2 and f O 2 , being in general agreement with available spectroscopic models. Calculations of gas saturation pressures, which classically consider only H 2 O and CO 2 dissolved volatiles, are strongly affected by S-bearing species. At f O 2 close to, or higher than, NNO + 1, omission of sulfur species may result in underestimates of gas saturation pressures of 1 kbar or more. The same happens at f O 2 below NNO − 1.
- Published
- 2015