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The title compounds are prepared by three-component cyclocondensation of phtalhydrazide, benzaldehydes, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate under environmentally friendly conditions.

Three new dehydroshogaols have been isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and synthesis.

Seven denitroaristolochic acids, incuding four new compounds, sodium aristofolin-A, aristofolin-B-D and three known compounds, aristofolin-A, aristolic acid and methyl aristolate were isolated from the leaves of Aristolochia cucurbitifolia. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods.

Two new phenanthrene derivatives, aristoliukine-A, -B, and a benzenoid, sodium (2R)-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-lactate, together with thirty-three known compounds were isolated from the fresh leaves of Aristolochia kaempferi. Structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Among the new compounds, sodium (2R)-(p-hydroxyphenyl)lactate was determined to be in the salt form by IR and 1 H-NMR methods.

A denitro-aristolochic acid derivative, aristofolin-A, together with ten known compounds, were isolated from the fresh flowers of Aristolochia kaempferi. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectral analysis.

Four new compounds, three phenanthrene derivatives, aristolochic acid-III methyl ester (1), cepharanone C (2), and sodium 7-hydroxyl-8-methoxyaristolate (3), and the benzoate derivative, sodium 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate (4), together with 53 known compounds were isolated and characterized from the fresh root and stem of Aristolochia cucurbitifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses and chemical transformations. The cytotoxicity and antiplatelet activity of the isolated compounds are also discussed.