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Among the four new flavonoids, mortatarins A—D, mortatarin D (IV) exhibits a significant degree of inhibition against the α-glucosidase.

Involucratustones A-C (1-3), three cadinane dimers containing multiple contiguous quaternary carbons, were isolated from the rhizomes of Stahlianthus involucratus. Their structures were determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, chemical conversion, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are rearranged homodimers of cadinane sesquiterpene fused with a unique fully substituted 1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane core observed for the first time in natural products, and 3 is a novel 3',4'-seco-cadinane-dimer. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities, and 3 showed notable anti-inflammatory effect.

A new sesquiterpenoid (I) and three new diterpenoids (II), (III) are isolated along with five known compounds.

Nine new tirucallane-type triterpenoids, ficutirucins A—I, are isolated and evaluated for their cytotoxicity.

A pair of 2,3-seco cafestol-type diterpenoid epimers, frutilactones A (1) and B (2) were isolated from twigs of Tricalysia fruticosa. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensively employing spectroscopic methods (MS and 1D/2D NMR) and ECD. Their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages were evaluated, and a possible biogenetic pathway was also proposed.

Ten new calyxins such as (I), (II), and (III) are isolated from the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai.

by Jian-Guang Luo, Hong Yin, Bo-Yi Fan, and Ling-Yi Kong*State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry,China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China(phone/fax: þ86-25-83271405; e-mail: cpu_lykong@126.com)A rare labdane diterpene g-lactam, 1, and two new labdane diterpenoids, 2 and 3, along with twoknown diterpenes, 4 and 5, were isolated from the roots of Amomum maximum. Their structures wereestablished on the basis of spectroscopic data. All of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicactivities, and compound 3 was found to exhibit an inhibitory activity against MG-63 cell lines with anIC

Two new neo-clerodane diterpenoids, teucvisins A and B (1, 2), and three new 19-nor-neoclerodane diterpenoids, teucvisins C-E (3-5), together with ten known constituents (6-15) were isolated from the whole plants of Teucrium viscidum. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that compounds 11 and 15 showed moderate inhibition with an IC50 value of 21.9 and 22.4 µM, respectively.

The title compounds show significant inhibition on NO production on LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.

Five new β-carboline-type alkaloids, dichotomines F–J (1–5, resp.), along with nine known compounds, dichotomides I, III, V, and VII (6–9, resp.), stellarines A and C (10–11, resp.), dichotomine B (12), glucodichotomine B (13), and 1-acetyl-3-carboxy-β-carboline (14), were isolated from the roots of Chinese medicinal plant Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic means. Compounds 12 and 13 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity.

Isolation, structural elucidation and antiinflammatory activity of novel 16-norphragmalin-type limonoids, chuktabrins C-J [cf.

Dianthin G (I) and dianthin H (II) are isolated along with known dianthin E from the traditional Chinese medical plant Dianthus superbus.

A series of α-glucosidase inhibitors (I) with an oleanolic acid core and different cinnamic amide ligands are designed and synthesized.

Preliminary studies concerning cytotoxicity reveal moderate effects for aphapolynin A (I), whereas no activity is observed for aphapolynin B (II).

Two new norsesquiterpenoids, oxyphyllenotriol A (I) and oxyphyllone G (II), and two new sesquiterpenoids, oxyphyllols D (III) and E (IV), are isolated from title plant fruits.

Nine new phragmalin-type limonoid orthoesters, tabulalides F-N (I), (II) and (III), together with three known compounds are isolated from the stem bark of Chukrasia tabularis collected in China.

Three new 16-norphragmalin limonoids, chukvelutins A−C (1−3), were isolated from the stem bark of Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina, which possess unprecedented skeletons, featured with a characteristic ketal moiety between the phragmalin skeleton and a biosynthetically extended isobutyryl group at C-15. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic technologies.

Three monoterpene-chalcone conjugates, including two novel compounds isorubraine (2) and sumadain C (3), and a known compound rubraine (1) were isolated from the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai. Their structures and relative configurations were established by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated against cell lines HepG2, MCF-7 and MAD-MB-435, and compound 3 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity.

Chukvelutilides A–F (1-6), a new class of C-15-acyl phragmalin type limonoids, featuring a C-16/C-30 δ-lactone ring, were isolated from Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina. These compounds are suggested to possess a three- or four-carbon enolized acyl substituent at C-15 through a plausible biosynthetic origin. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic means, and that of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.