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Myrioneuron alkaloids are a class of fast growing natural products elaborated by plants of the genus Myrioneuron. Three new alkaloids secomyrionamide (1), isomyrionine (2), and 12-oxomyriberine A (3) were isolated from Myrioneuron faberi. 1 and 2 presenting the simplest two members of alkaloids derived from M. faberi, and possessing tricyclic C-15 carbon framework, which might furnish precursors for myrionamide and bring new insight into biosynthesis pathway of myrionamide. Structures of 1-3 were elucidated on basis of NMR and MS spectra. Compounds 2 and 3 were tested for inhibitory activity to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and showed weak activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Covering: up to November 2009 This review describes a wide panel of alkaloids isolated from plants of the Nitraria genus, focusing on their biosynthesis and discussing the resulting biomimetic chemistry in relevant cases. The scope is purposely limited to alkaloids derived at least to some extent from L-lysine, considering that most of these molecules have unique structures and are specific to the genus. Some of the biosynthetic pathways described are taken from the literature, but others are proposed here for the first time. The latter are mostly hypotheses justified by the fact that they are based on metabolic routes frequently encountered for other Nitraria alkaloids, and thus permit unification of the biosynthesis around common pivotal biosynthetic intermediates. Myrioneuron alkaloids are also presented as a newly discovered class with striking similarities to Nitraria alkaloids.