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The analogous imino-variant of the Nazarov reaction suffers from unfavorable energetics associated with the ring closure process, thereby limiting the utility of this class of reactions. In this report, the realization of the first intermolecular interrupted imino-Nazarov reaction utilizing silylated pyrimidine derivatives as nucleophilic trapping partners culminated in an expedient synthetic route to carbocyclic nucleoside analogues. The potential application of silylated nucleobases to intercept the oxyallyl cation in other variants of the Nazarov reaction provides vast opportunities to develop new strategies for the formation of carbocyclic nucleoside analogues.

Polysubstituted indolizine derivatives are constructed via intramolecular CN bond formation/CH bond cleavage under metal-free conditions. These methods offer straightforward pathways to transform pyridyl chalcones into a variety of indolizines.

An efficient synthesis for an oxidative coupling of aromatic compounds with carboxylic acids via Pd-catalyzed C–H bond activation and C–O bond formation has been developed. This catalytic system works in a simple and efficient manner, by simply using aromatic compounds and carboxylic acids as coupling partners for C–O bond formation to synthesize esters with good to excellent yields.

The developed method allows for the α- or β-selective preparation of a range of N-heterocyclic glycosyl compounds.

C-aryl glycosides are formed by palladium-catalyzed carbon-Ferrier-type coupling with high regio- and stereoselectivity.

The method is applied to the preparation of compound (XIII), an intermediate in the synthesis of the drug tipifarnib (XIV).

An efficient and concise method for the construction of various O-glycosidic bonds by a palladium-catalyzed reaction with a 3-O-picoloyl glucal is developed.

Starting from glucal derived carbonate (I), various O-glycosides are stereoselectively formed trough Pd-catalyzed tandem decarboxylation, proton abstraction, and nucleophilic addition.

An Ag-catalyzed addition of THF radicals to title compounds (I) in the presence of air is described.

The Lewis acid catalyzed condensations of aldehyde (I) with secondary aniline derivatives involve the formation of an oxyallyl intermediate which undergoes intramolecular arene trapping to form tricyclic indoline-fused cyclopentanones (VI) and (VII).

The first example of intermolecular regio- and stereoselective C-glycosylation of glycals with a range of easily prepared β-keto acids to form structurally diverse ketone functionalized C-glycosides with moderate to good yields is developed.

An efficient coupling reaction of allyl acetate with (O-azaaryl)carboxaldehyde by Pd-NHC dual catalysis has been developed. This reaction proceeds via direct coordination between the ortho nitrogen atom in the heterocycle and Pd(0). This dual catalysis is achieved under mild conditions to give 1,4-diones as products with up to 90% yield.

Tri-substituted pyrrole derivatives were successfully synthesized from aminoaldehyde and α-diazocarbonyl, using a TiCl4 catalyst. The reactions proceeded via 1,2-migration and condensation, leading to the corresponding pyrroles in moderate to excellent yields. Reaction susceptibility was subsequently demonstrated by the variation in substrates.

A broad range of aromatic and aliphatic O- and S-glycosides is accessible from easily prepared protected glycals by employing the described procedure.

A facile methodology for the stereoselective construction of biologically significant 4-aminocyclopentenones from readily available glycals and secondary arylamines is developed.

Depending on the C3 stereochemistry of the glycal substrate this method yields either diastereomerically pure products or mixtures of diastereomers.

The selective transalkylation of N -methyl tertiary amines with 3,4-dibromobutenolides is described. The N -methyl group of the parent tertiary amines was replaced by alkenyl units of the butenolides; and a series of butenolide-containing tertiary enamines were obtained in moderate to good yields. Interestingly, the product 2b has shown a promising anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines (IC 50 = 0.19 μmol/L).

3-Amino- and 3-nitro-2,3-dideoxy sugars, which are structurally diverse and uncommon sugars bearing an amino substitution on a sugar scaffold, have been shown to play crucial roles in the biological activities of aminoglycoside antibiotics and aminoglycoside containing natural products. Over the past few decades, there have been continuing efforts on the convenient synthesis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides containing 3-amino- and 3-nitro-2,3-dideoxysugar motifs, beginning from either carbohydrate or non-carbohydrate precursors. This review article is intended to provide an updated overview of the most striking contributions in this field, based on the various strategies to construct the 3-amino sugar ring.

The title reaction employs catalytic amounts of N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and transforms a broad range of nitroalkenes, such as nitrodienes, nitroenynes, and nitrostyrenes, through reaction with a broad range of enals, into δ-nitroesters.

The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity and imidazoisoquinolines are also available.

A new simple and mild protocol for excellent regioselective direct catalytic allylic alkylation of acetates is presented by using a simple, cheap, and easily accessible catalyst.

Two dimensional nanoarchitectures are of great interest in lithium storage for energy-storage devices, in particular lithium-ion batteries, due to its shortened paths for fast lithium ion diffusion and large exposed surface offering more lithium-insertion channels. Their competitive lithium-storage features provide huge potentials to develop next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries. This review is devoted to the recent progress in the fabrication of innovative 2D structures with various synthetic strategies and their applications for lithium storage in lithium-ion batteries. These 2D architectures are categorized into six styles, i.e., nanoporous nanosheets, ultrathin nanosheets, flower-like structures assembled by nanosheets, sandwich-like nanosheets, corrugated nanosheets, and nanosheets with specific facets. Based on the lithium-storage manner, we further summerized their electrochemical performance for lithium storage with four classified themes including surface Li storage, zero or low-strain Li storage, volume-variation Li storage and synergic-effect Li storage. Finally, the outlook and perspective on 2D lithium-storage materials is concisely provided.

Controlled by the conditions, either β-selective acylation or acylation with concomitant elimination of the nitro group takes place.

A novel method for the preparation of substituted pyrroles (IV) is elaborated using a silver-catalyzed three-component reaction of imidazole aldehyde (I), secondary amines (II) and alkynes (III).

An efficient palladium catalyzed C-glycosylation of glycals with enol triflates has been established. The coupling reactions took place on the anomeric carbon, and the coupling products gave exclusively α isomers. The flexibility of the reaction was exemplified by the broad spectra of substrate scope, constituted of glycals protected with good leaving groups as well as an assortment of enol triflates.

The reaction of benzoic acids substituted with strong electron-donating groups at the 2,4- or 2,6- position succeeds with high yields in a short times.

The procedure provides an efficient access to 2-alkenylated glycals as exclusive (E) isomers and subunits of various pyran-containing natural substances.

Carbohydrate-integrated isoxazolines were synthesized from 2-nitroglycals and sulfur ylides, with the aid of 1-phenylthiourea catalyst. The reactions proceeded via [4+1] annulations and upon subsequent rearrangement, afforded the corresponding isoxazolines in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 95% de).

A simple, efficient, and highly stereoselective method to prepare a wide range of biologically interesting 3-amino-2,3-dideoxysugars is reported.

The carbene generated from BIM efficiently promotes the esterification of aromatic and conjugated aldehydes with cinnamyl and benzyl bromides.

An efficient and atom economic protocol for the glycosylation of unprotected, unactivated glycosyl donors as well as glycosyl trichloroacetimidate is presented.

Intramolecular Stetter-type hydroacylation of o-(propargyloxy)benzaldehydes, e.g. (I), (III), (V) or (VII), is efficiently catalyzed by a commercially available thiazolium-based carbene catalyst to give chromones in good yields.

Pyrrolidine derivatives were prepared in high diastereoselectivities and good yields via a [3 + 2] cycloaddition of a tert-butyldimethylsilyl protected carbohydrate-based allene with a diverse range of imines. The subsequent removal of the carbohydrate auxiliary afforded a variety of pyrrolidines with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Selective reduction of the pyrrolidines further demonstrated the potential of this strategy.

The target compounds are prepared via Paal—Knorr reaction and their photophysical and electrochemical properties are studied.

The synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones via a clean multi-component Biginelli reaction under microwave irradiation is reported. The copper-catalyzed process proved to be simple, efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly.

A library of hexahydroquinolines of type (IV) is prepared from cyclohexadiones, a wide variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic aldehydes, keto esters, and ammonium acetate in the presence of only 2 mol% of cupric triflate (48 examples).

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted tremendous attention in biomedical applications due to their molecular size and unique properties. This tutorial review summarizes the strategies to functionalize CNTs with bioactive carbohydrates, which improve their solubility, biocompatibility and biofunctionalities while preserving their desired properties. In addition, studies on the usage of carbohydrate functionalized CNTs to detect bacteria, to bind to specific lectins, to deliver glycomimetic drug molecules into cells and to probe cellular activities as biosensors are reviewed. Improvement in biocompatibility and introduction of bio-functionalities by integration of carbohydrate with CNTs are paving the way to glyconanotechnology and may provide new tools for glycobiological studies.

An improved method for the Ferrier sulfonamidoglycosylation of tri-O-acetyl- d -glucal with different N-nucleophiles has been developed. ZnCl2 impregnated on activated alumina acts as an excellent reagent system for the conversion of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl- d -glucal into 2,3-unsaturated-N-pseudoglycals with good yields and preferential α-anomeric selectivity.

An immense effort has been made to develop an efficient strategy for the carbon−carbon bond formation between aldehyde and nitrile intramolecularly using an N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst to derive 3-aminochromone derivatives in good to excellent yields (80−95%).