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Prolonged treatment of menth-4-en-3-yl sulfides with H2O2 in acidic medium leads to saturated menthan-3-yl sulfones, the same products having been obtained from menth-4-en-3-yl sulfoxides in acidic medium in the absence of H2O2. The mechanism was evaluated by quantum chemical calculations.

Rb4[Na(H2O)6] [HV10O28]·4H2O is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Rb3PO4, Na2CO3, Al(OH)3, and V2O5 in the presence of a small amount of B2O3 (5 wt%) as mineralizer (autoclave, 7 MPa, 553 K, 20 d).

Research from the last 20 years on the use of ozonolysis of cyclic and acyclic mono- and dienes and aromatic compounds in various steps of the total synthesis of insect pheromones and juvenoids was reviewed.

Examples of thiylation of natural mono- and bicyclic and variously functionalized monoterpenoids (alkenes, ketones, epoxides, alcohols) and the latest transformation pathways of the newly formed sulfur-containing derivatives were reviewed.

Reduction of 1-(2-nitro-4-R-phenyl)-1 H -benzimidazoles with tin(II) chloride in an acidic water–alcohol medium is accompanied by unusual recyclization of 1-(2-amino-4-R-phenyl)-1 H -benzimidazoles formed at the first stage into isomeric 1-(2-aminophenyl) - 5-R-1 H -benzimidazoles.

The title compound is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of MnCl2, K2CO3, and V2O5 (equimolar mixture, 280°C, 70 bar, 18 d).

This review considers the synthetic possibilities of monoterpene ketones, such as (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-pulegones, (-)-menthone, (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-carvones, (2R,5S)-dihydrocarvone, (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-camphors, (R)-(-)-nopinone, (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-verbenones by the examples of synthesis of optically pure and enantiomerically enriched insect pheromones.

Methylidenetriphenylphosphorane can act as reducing agent in reactions with seven-membered lactols or their aluminates furnishing diols such as (II).

O-isobutyl derivatives (III) and (V) are obtained by low temperature treatment of corresponding lactones (I) and (IV) with iBu2AlH.

Treatment of iron complex (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 CH 2 C CPh 1 with nitrogen-containing 1,3-dipolar reagents (nitrile oxides and azomethine ylide) yields six-membered σ-heterocyclic iron complexes, due to cycloaddition and subsequent 1,2-migration of the (η 5 –C 5 H 5 ) 2 Fe (CO) group.

We suggest a convenient method to obtain N-methyiphthalimide with a high yield in the reaction of phthalic anhydride with aqueous methylamine.

A method for the direct reduction of peroxide products of ozonolysis of 1-alkylcycloalkenes (with Δ3-carene and α-pinene as examples) to the corresponding ketols with NaBH(OAc)3 was proposed.

The title compound, cadmium bismuth dioxide chloride, CdBiO2Cl, was obtained as a white powder by reaction of solid BiOCl with CdO at 973 K. Ab initio crystal structure determination was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction techniques, including direct methods for atom location and Rietveld fitting for the final refinement. Being monoclinic, the crystal structure can be related to tetragonal Sillen layered phases. The main structural elements present are CdBiO2+ pleated metal–oxy­gen layers alternating with Cl layers along the c axis, whereas along the b axis, all atoms are on mirror planes. The formation of a strong Cd—Cl bond draws the layers together, causing layer deformation and a monoclinic distortion in the layer arrangement.

This review focuses on providing insights into the structural basis and clinical relevance of LFA-1 and VLA-4 inhibition by peptides and small molecules as adhesion-based therapeutic strategies for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interactions of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) play central roles in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. Leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1, alpha(L)beta(2), and CD11a/CD18) and very late antigen (VLA-4, alpha(4)beta(1), and CD49d/CD29) are members of integrin-type CAM that are predominantly involved in leukocyte trafficking and extravasation. LFA-1 is exclusively expressed on leukocytes and interacts with its ligands ICAM-1, -2, and -3 to promote a variety of homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion events required for normal and pathologic functions of the immune systems. VLA-4 is expressed mainly on lymphocyte, monocytes, and eosinophils, but is not found on neutrophils. VLA-4 interacts with its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin (FN) CS1 during chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, transplant-rejection, and allergy. Blockade of LFA-1 and VLA-4 interactions with their ligands is a potential target for immunosuppression. LFA-1 and VLA-4 antagonists (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) are being developed for controlling inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The therapeutic intervention of mostly mAb-based has been extensively studied. However, due to the challenging relative efficacy/safety ratio of mAb-based therapy application, especially in terms of systemic administration and immunogenic potential, strategic alternatives in the forms of peptide, peptide mimetic inhibitors, and small molecule non-peptide antagonists are being sought. Linear and cyclic peptides derived from the sequences of LFA-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, VCAM-1, and FN C1 have been shown to have inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. Finally, understanding the mechanism of LFA-1 and VLA-4 binding to their ligands has become a fundamental basis in developing therapeutic agents for inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Iodination of 5-amino- and 6-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones with I2 and HIO3 in aqueous dioxane occurs only at the benzoid ring. Depending on the reaction conditions, either aminoiodo- or aminodiiodonaphthoquinones are produced. Diazotization of these compounds followed by reduction or replacement of the diazo group with iodine affords mono- or polyiodo derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone.

2,4-Dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5yl methacrylates were synthesized for the first time by reaction of 5-hydroxyuracil derivatives with methacrylic anhydride. 5-Hydroxyuracil derivatives are involved in this reaction in the dioxo form.