1. Phytochemical Analysis, Biological Activity, and Secretory Structures ofStachys annua(L.) L. subsp.annua(Lamiaceae) from Central Italy
- Author
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Laura Bini, Fabrizio Papa, Sauro Vittori, Domenico Lucarini, Silvia Damiano, Armandodoriano Bianco, Filippo Maggi, Alessandro Venditti, Giulio Lupidi, Massimo Bramucci, Luana Quassinti, and Claudia Giuliani
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,DPPH ,Bioengineering ,Flowers ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phytol ,food ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Botany ,Oils, Volatile ,Humans ,Plant Oils ,Molecular Biology ,ABTS ,biology ,Trichomes ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Stachys ,biology.organism_classification ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,Trichome ,Italy ,chemistry ,Phytochemical ,Herb ,Molecular Medicine ,Lamiaceae ,Sesquiterpenes - Abstract
Stachys annua subsp. annua, well-known in central Italy as 'stregona annuale', is an annual, small, slightly-scented herb, commonly found in fields and uncultivated areas in almost all regions of Italy. In folk medicine, its aerial parts were used as anti-catarrhal, febrifuge, tonic, and vulnerary. In the present work, the chemical composition of the flowering aerial parts was studied. The hydrodistilled volatile oil, analysed by GC/MS, showed sesquiterpenoids as the major fraction (42.5%); phytol (9.8%), germacrene D (9.2%), and spathulenol (8.5%) were the most abundant constituents. The volatile oil was assayed for antioxidant and cytotoxic activity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and MTT methods. The cytotoxicity results against HCT116, A375, and MDA-MB 231 human tumor cell lines were significant, with IC50 values of 23.5, 37.2, and 41.5 μg/ml, respectively, whereas the antioxidant power was negligible. The EtOH extract was composed mainly of three glycosidic flavonoids, namely 7-{[2-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy}-5,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (1), 7-{[6-O-acetyl-2-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy}-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2), and 7-{[6-O-acetyl-2-O-(β-D-allopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy}-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (3). On the contrary, iridoids, considered chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Stachys, were absent in this species. Finally, the morphological and histochemical survey showed that glandular trichomes were composed of two main types, i.e. peltate type A and capitate types B and C giving positive response for both lipids and polyphenols.
- Published
- 2015