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Thiophenols are highly toxic industrial materials that, once released, will accumulate in the environment, and ultimately in human bodies, thereby causing serious health problems. To achieve their selective and sensitive detection, a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe ( CCP-1) from a focused library was developed for thiophenol species. Our studies show that CCP-1 displays a thiophenol-triggered 28-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement at 706 nm, with a detection limit of 34 n m observed. It is also able to differentiate thiophenols from various other thiol-containing analytes including hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen persulfide, and aliphatic thiols. In total, the desirable properties (e.g., excitation/emission in the NIR region, good cell-membrane permeability, intracellular stability, and low cytotoxicity) make CCP-1 a potential candidate for thiophenol detection both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CCP-1, for the first time, successfully visualized thiophenols in mice models of thiophenol inhalation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]