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Paper manufacturers have long used silicone as the coating agent for release liners. However, silicone‐based release paper is very difficult to recycle due to covalent bonds between silicone and fibers. The most suitable solution to overcome this problem is to use alternative coating materials with adequate release properties, provided that they can be easily repulped in typical paper recycling facilities. We proposed a coating agent composed of phosphate esters and dimethylacetamide in order to manufacture a recyclable and efficient release paper. Analyses carried out on coated sheets showed that phosphate esters allowed the formation of a surface with adequate release properties (low peeling force and surface free energy). In addition, the residual adhesion values obtained with phosphate esters confirmed that they are well anchored on the backing paper surface, thus limiting the mass transfer to the adhesive tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic document examination has been considered one of the most important fields in the forensic science. For this, a quick, effective, and cheap techniques for evaluation of forensic evidence is highly required. This study explores the comparison of A4 document paper by chemical and physical analysis. 16 of white A4 paper from different brands were analyzed by FTIR for investigation of structural characteristics. Video Spectral Comparator 8000 has been used to compare the A4 papers under different light source. The inorganic filler composition in the paper is also explored by ICP‐OES. The calcium carbonate content in document papers play a discriminant role which found to be between 16.02 % and 35.54 %. Also, water contact angle has been utilized in order to examine the surface of paper which is generally related to the inorganic filler and other additives. The WCA results ranged between 83° and 111° that enable quick and easy way to compare A4 document papers. The experimental results have demonstrated that besides FTIR methods, other methods such as ICP‐OES for elemental composition, WCA for wetting test, VSC for visualization under different light of source could have been applied for comparison of document papers in case of criminal cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible graphene‐based paper electrodes (FGPEs) are a new class of study and the research on this electrode material has been carried out for approximately ten years. FGPEs have many advantages compared to classical solid electrodes such as being flexible, foldable, adaptable to flexible electronics, being cut, easily shaped, and effective and adjustable modification. In this work, the applicability of FGPEs modified with polyindole (PIN) thin films and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) to energy‐storage systems as a supercapattery design is presented, and especially the limitations of ZnO‐NPs for energy‐storage applications are revealed to inform researchers working for a similar purpose. Capacitance calculations have been performed using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) experiments. It was observed that the rGO/PIN paper demonstrated almost 30 times more energy‐storage capacity than that of the rGO/PIN/ZnO paper due to the electrochemical instability of ZnO‐NPs on the flexible electrode platform at the applied potential region in 1.0 M HClO4 solution. The rGO/PIN paper with a highly flexible property exhibited an energy density of 74.5 W h cm−2 and a power density of 2258 W cm−2 at a current density of 2.2 mA cm−2, revealing hopeful results for future modular and flexible approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two imidazole‐based color‐changing fluorescent probes 4‐(4,5‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐N, N‐diphenylaniline (CIN) and 4‐(4,5‐di(furan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐N, N‐diphenylaniline (FIN) were synthesized and characterized. The new probes CIN and FIN exhibit excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ with relatively low detection limits (0.26 μM and 0.10 μM) and strong anti‐interference properties. Both the probes CIN and FIN complex 1 : 1 with Fe3+ ion, and the complexation constants were 1.165×105 M−1 (CIN) and 1.899×105 M−1 (FIN), respectively. Moreover, CIN and FIN could be recycled by EDTA and could effectively monitor Fe3+ ions at pH 4–10, which ensures the sensor's potential for detecting Fe3+ in actual aqueous solutions. The probes were further applied to the detection of Fe3+ in the actual reaction of Fe2+ oxidation, and the filter paper and the probe solution are combined to make an indicator to detect Fe3+ more conveniently and quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates our effort to develop stimuli responsive cellulose films for the detection of dimethyl amines, a biogenic amine, released during food decomposition. Herein, we demonstrate that thin layer deposition of polydiacetylene‐zinc oxide nanosheets (PDA‐ZnO) on cellulose (CE) paper yields a stimuli responsive strip exhibiting strong thermochromism and solvatochromism against dimethyl amine. The incorporation of Zn nanoclusters within the composite plays an essential role in achieving reversible thermochromism while strong intermolecular interactions promote adsorption of PDA‐ZnO on cellulose paper. X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy reveal that the Zn2+ ions intercalate with PDA bilayer and strongly interact with the carboxylate headgroup of PDA. Furthermore, the reversible thermochromism persist when the nanosheets are deposited on cellulose (CE) paper when assembling PDA‐ZnO−CE paper. In addition, PDA‐ZnO−CE displayed selective solvatochromism allowing the utilization of the paper in the detection of dimethyl amine as it displayed a distinct and remarkable purple to orange colour transition. In particular, the response of the PDA‐ZnO−CE paper in several other organic solvents was poor as no transitions were observed hence its selectivity towards dimethylamine. In conclusion, the incorporation of PDA‐ZnO on cellulose paper is a step forward towards designing of a stimuli responsive packaging material that can detect biogenic amines released during food decomposition thereby preventing food poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidic based sensors are one of the emerging alternatives for bringing solutions studies on paper platforms. Microfluidic paper assisted platform was developed over here through a simple, easy, cost effective and instrument free process. The self‐same method of waxing through crayoning, was estimated thoroughly on different paper platforms. Varied parameter including type of crayoning, way of patterning, color effect, wicking rate and channel optimization was performed on paper milieus. Optimized time of baking for obtaining controlled penetration ranges from 2 min to 8 min depending on the type of paper used. Wax crayoning was preferred over oil pasteling for making hydrophobic barriers uniformly, solid as well fully penetrated within paper inner layers. Fabrication through this easy cost‐effective route allows a formation of hydrophilic reaction or sensing zone of 0.25 cm2 with sufficient reactive area. Further sensing of dopamine on paper platform was carried using paper chip adsorbed with fluorescent modified graphene quantum dots as sensing material. The patterned paper showed advantage as only few microliter (5 μl to 10 μl) range of sample volume was required for testing. Fluorescence quenching with increase of concentration was witnessed where around 25–75 μM dopamine concentration was positively tested through naked eye; which for the first time was demonstrated here via robust wax crayoning method for developing paper based biosensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon paper has been synthesized by paper making process followed by composite formation, and further chemically oxidized by immersing into a mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate to be used as an electrode for supercapacitor applications. XRD and Raman spectra were used to analyze the structure, and the defects in the samples respectively, in due course of oxidation. FESEM images revealed the morphology of oxidized samples to be rougher, which contributes towards increased active sites for reaction. The sample (COCP‐60) optimized via electrochemical studies, was further tested in various electrolytes to study the electrode/electrolyte interaction. It delivered a highest areal capacitance of 6.02 F/cm2 (231.5 F/g) in acidic electrolyte at a current density of 5 mA/cm2 (0.19 A/g). This findings were further corroborated by surface and diffusion contribution studies wherein it was found that diffusion is more profound with acidic electrolyte. The supercapacitor device fabricated with COCP‐60 electrode delivered an energy density of 0.41 Wh/cm2 at 2.83 W/cm2 power density with coulombic efficiency of 98 %, and cyclic stability of ∼90 % for over 5000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new efficient approach to the synthesis of intensely colored 2‐(2‐oxo‐3H‐pyrrol‐3‐ylidene)malononitrile (OP) was developed. Using the reaction of OP with amines, a series of previously unknown colorless organic salts – dicyano(2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)methanides were synthesized, bearing in the structure two fragments of same or diverse amines of different nature (covalent and ionic). TGA‐DTA study of the synthesized salts showed a thermal reversibility of their formation. The introduction of violet OP into paper followed by treatment with amine vapors revealed prospects of using such a system for naked‐eye detection of volatile amines. It was also shown that OP‐based rewritable paper can be created, to which a data can be applied by local heating and erased by the action of amine or temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidic fuel cells (MFCs) are potential micro power sources for portable electronics. MFCs utilize the co‐laminar flowing of the solutions in the microchannel and remove the membranes in the traditional fuel cells. Flow‐through electrodes exploit the internal electrode surfaces and improve the MFC performance. Carbon paper (CP) has been widely used as a flow‐through electrode with a limited specific surface area. We have also used graphite felt (GF) with a high specific surface area as the electrode and then compared the performance of the MFCs with the CP and GF as the electrodes, respectively. Firstly, we showed the SEM surface morphologies of the two electrodes with or without the Pd catalysts. Secondly, we compared the electrochemical activities of the two electrodes in the solutions, respectively. The GF electrode always showed higher electrochemical activities than the CP electrode, since the GF electrode owned its larger accessible electrochemical surface area and less electrode resistance than the CP electrode. Thirdly, we compared the performance of the MFCs with the two electrodes. The results showed that the performance of the MFC with the GF electrodes electrodes was optimum, with the peak power density of 175.60 mW cm−2 and limiting current density of 616.53 mA cm−2. Finally, we conducted the discharge performance of the MFCs with the two electrodes. There existed a minor variation in the discharge current densities of the MFCs with the CP cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halochromic azo dyes have versatile applications, including sensing and anti‐counterfeiting, due to their reversible color‐changing properties. In this work we investigated the structure‐dependent halochromism of azo compound (E)‐4‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonamide (HDBS) and explore its potential applications using experimental and theoretical approaches. Different spectroscopic techniques confirm the structural change in the dye as a consequence of tautomerism reaction upon changing pH (7 to 13). The stable form of hydrazone is isolated and characterized. Based on the spectroscopic characterization, it is concluded that the azo form exists at pH ≤ 9, whereas the hydrazone form at highly alkaline pH. To understand the origin of the absorption peaks, the stability, and tautomerism in water, DFT and TD‐DFT calculations are performed. A reasonable agreement between the theoretical and experimental observations enabled us to unravel the structure‐dependent halochromism. Further, we have shown that HDBS‐coated paper can be a real‐time visual sensor to monitor fish freshness and for anti‐counterfeiting ink. It changes colors with pH shifts, alerts consumers about the status of food. Additionally, erasable paper strip reduces paper waste and chemical pollution. The findings presented in this work provide a promising avenue for the development of halochromic azo compounds with potential applications in sensing and anti‐counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional Al‐air batteries are not suitable as portable power devices due to their complicated water management and bulky system. To resolve this issue, the fiber paper‐ and cotton cloth‐based Al‐air batteries were proposed, which exploited the capillary force from the paper (FP) and cotton cloth (CC) to deliver the solutions and eliminated the external pump. The physical features of the FP and CC were gained including the surface morphologies, surface elementary analysis, liquid absorption and flow rates. CC owned larger liquid absorption and faster flow rate due to its hierarchically woven‐spun fiber structure, compared to the randomly oriented fibers of the FP, although the surface of the CC demonstrated lower O/C ratio than that of the FP. So, the performance of the CC‐based Al‐air battery was largely higher than that of the FP‐based battery. The performance of the CC‐based Al‐air battery was optimal at 1.0 M NaOH electrolyte and the anode‐to‐cathode surface area ratio of 1 : 4, with the peak power density of 14.95±0.28 mW cm−2, and the maximum current density of 36.61±0.54 mA cm−2. To apply the CC‐based Al‐air battery, the two‐battery pack connected in series was assembled to drive a timer and light 9 LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/gold nanoparticles (AuNP) nanocomposites modified cellulose fiber paper‐based electrochemical biosensor for procalcitonin (PCT) biomarker detection. PCT is a biomarker specific for bacterial infection (BI) detection and has gained much attention as a potential solution to the problems associated with determining appropriate antibiotic use. In sepsis and other severe infections, serum PCT levels increase to values above 100 ng mL−1 in response to pro‐inflammatory stimulation. The structural and morphological characterization of the rGO‐AuNP composite are investigated using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Monoclonal antibodies specific to PCT were covalently immobilized onto the rGO‐AuNP nanocomposite modified paper to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor. The fabricated biosensor exhibits linearity in the PCT concentration range 10 −15×103 pg mL−1, with a low detection limit 10 pg mL−1. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor also exhibited good selectivity and could detect PCT biomarkers even in the presence of other interfering electroactive species such as glucose, oxalic acid, and urea. The proposed CF‐based biosensor has been proven as an accelerated simple point‐of‐care (POC) exploratory approach for early PCT diagnosis in inadequate areas with limited production facilities, computational techniques, and highly skilled experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed an inexpensive and easy‐to‐use milk freshness indicator (H‐Paper) by rub‐coating hibiscus flowers onto paper. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a food quality indicator prepared by direct hand‐rubbing of a natural halochromic material onto paper substrates. Unlike the previously reported colorimetric indicators from natural sources, our indicator does not require the extraction of anthocyanins from the natural product. The H‐Paper undergoes a quantifiable color change from green to purple to pink corresponding to fresh, spoiling, and spoiled milk samples. Digital photographs of H‐Paper treated with milk samples were acquired using a smartphone, and RGB indices were analyzed using a free application. The red chromatic shift was used as a parameter to quantify color change of H‐Paper to follow the spoilage of milk. Anthocyanins present in the hibiscus flowers are responsible for this colorimetric response. This work demonstrates a proof‐of‐concept for directly rub‐coating halochromic materials onto a substrate to fabricate food freshness indicators. The H‐Paper indicator has advantages of naked‐eye analysis, consumer‐friendliness, and instrument‐free operation. This requires neither any laboratory accessories nor the expertise of a trained analyst for its preparation and operation, which is appropriate for use in resource‐limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we prepared a bisuppport‐based bimetallic nanoparticle composite AuFe/ZIF‐8‐graphene. It exhibited high peroxidase activity compared to those hybrids without graphene support, which demonstrated the regulatory effect of graphene on the catalytic activity. SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT‐IR and XPS characterization showed that Au and Fe3O4 NPs were successfully immobilized on ZIF‐8‐rGO carriers. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the fabricated composites showed better Km and Vmax for H2O2 than HRP and some other reported peroxidase mimics. Under the optimal conditions, a sensing assay for H2O2 determination was constructed with a linear detection range of 0.01–2.5 mM and a detection limit of 0.63 μM. On this basis, a colorimetric test paper with its standard card was prepared for rapid visualization detection. It realized H2O2 detection in the range of 0.01‐500 mM and was further successfully applicated in the semi‐quantitative detection of H2O2 in actual spiked water samples. This achievement was expected to encourage the development of rapid visual detection for other pollutants in environmental and medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon paper‐supported graphene aerogels are examined as anode electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries, employing a hydrothermal process and a freeze‐drying step. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) and o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) prove to promote graphene aerogel formation and its chemical bonding onto the surface of carbon paper. The electrochemical results demonstrate that the electrode treated with the former diamine has a remarkable rate capability with higher capacities as compared with the electrode treated with the latter diamine and better stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new tricyanofuranhydrazone‐based colorimetric chemosensor (TCFH) was synthesized and immobilized onto paper strips for selective detection of Cu2+ in aqueous environments. The synthesis strategy of TCFH involved an azo‐coupling process between the diazonium salt of 8‐aminoquinoline and an active methyl‐bearing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocyclic moiety. Due to intramolecular charge transfer, TCFH chromophore demonstrated pronounced solvatochromism depending on the solvent polarity. Changes in both color and UV‐Vis absorption spectra demonstrated by the developed chemosensor proved that TCFH can be utilized to detect Cu2+ in the presence of other competing metallic cations and anions. The synthesized TCFH probe, which contains a hydrazone recognition moiety, demonstrates dramatic solvatochromic activity and high selectivity at the microlevel of copper ions with a color shift from yellow to purple. Moreover, test strips of TCFH were successfully developed and applied for the detection of copper ions at different concentrations in aqueous media. The colorimetric properties of the prepared TCFH‐immobilized paper strips were investigated by CIE Lab chromogenic parameters, colorimetric strength (K/S) and UV‐Vis absorbance spectra. The best detection of Cu2+ was achieved in the pH range of 6.6–7.4 demonstrating an immediate color switch relying on the total content of Cu2+. SEM was applied to characterize the deposition of tricyanofuranhydrazone onto the surface of the paper strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supported metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have recently become a promising candidate for the degradation of environmental pollutants. In this work, we report the fabrication of highly catalytically active, surfactant‐free interconnected Au nanostructures directly on filter paper. The width of nanostructures is only a few nanometers and they contain high concentration of low‐coordination atoms. Our approach involves the immersion and evaporation of Au precursor solution on the filter paper and its subsequent reduction. This approach generates filter paper‐based gold substrates (FPGS) not only in a simple and straightforward fashion that can be executed in a matter of minutes but can also be easily scaled up for large‐scale production. Owing to their surfactant‐free nature, FPGS are well suited for the degradation of both cationic and anionic dyes by providing large unhindered surface for dye adsorption. The FPGS were able to completely degrade methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes and also showed excellent reusability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical literature describes a plethora of devices for various applications. Design and development of such paper‐based analytical device(PAD) for sensing applications is paramount of interest. In this work, a PAD was developed using common office‐hold items like paper, pencil, crayons and scotch tape. On a paper, a three‐electrode system was developed by simple drawing with pencils, and the accessible area was confined by creating a hydrophobic barrier using color crayons. The newly developed PAD can hold a low‐dead volume of 25 μL for the analysis and is sealed at the bottom using scotch tape. In our preliminary approach, uric acid (UA), a critical biomarker, was demonstrated as a model analyte for the application of the developed PAD as an electrochemical sensor. The sensor exhibited better analytical performance for UA sensing in a wide range (0.1–1 mM) with appreciable reproducibility, sensitivity (0.3×10−3 A M−1) and selectivity over common interferents (ascorbic acid, urea and glucose). Furthermore, the developed electroanalytical approach was validated by testing the UA in non‐invasive bio‐sample (human urine). Such a cheap, portable, disposable, biocompatible, eco‐friendly and fully‐drawn PAD paves the way for the development of affordable 'lab on paper' devices for a wide range of bioanalytical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium nanoparticles decorated on polyaniline coated carbon fiber paper electrode (Pd‐PANI/CFP) was employed for TEMPO ((2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl) mediated electrocatalytic oxidation of pyridyl methanol to pyridyl carboxaldehyde using cyclic voltammetry in aqueous acidic media using a surfactant. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Optical profilometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Pd‐PANI/CFP electrode has exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards TEMPO mediated oxidation of pyridyl methanol owing to higher electrochemically active surface area of the modified electrode. CV studies suggested higher electrochemical activity for Pd‐PANI/CFP electrode when compared to PANI/CFP and bare CFP electrodes towards TEMPO mediated oxidation of pyridyl methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexible electrodes are the crucial components for fabricating wearable supercapacitors. In this study, we present a quick and convenient method to prepare graphene paper (GP) as a flexible current collector on a large scale by an easy one‐step method. The composite electrode integrated with GP and MnO2 as a flexible supercapacitor was obtained by an electrochemical deposition method without using binder or conductive agent. The substrate (GP) of electrode not only provides mechanical strength, but also contributes energy storage capacity. The MnO2 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of GP further improved the electrochemical performance of composite. The neat GP can give a specific capacitance of 184 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. At a current density of 1 A/g, the specific capacitance of the GP/MnO2 composite with a deposition time of 30 s is as high as 410 F/g. The method presented here shows great potential for the development of flexible electrode materials in practical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bifunctional fluorescence probe (PCT) based on 2‐Hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide was developed. The probe PCT can selectively detect Ag+ and Al3+ with two clear fluorescence color changes from colorless to yellow and blue violet, respectively. According to the Job's plots and mass spectrum, the binding stoichiometry of the probe PCT with Ag+ and Al3+ was 1 : 1, respectively. Moreover, the detection limit values of PCT for Ag+ and Al3+ in neutral solutions were 1.97 and 1.63 nM and these values were remarkably lower than allowed Ag+ and Al3+ concentrations in potable water determined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The distinct different binding mode were elucidated in this paper. Finally, the probe PCT has been used successfully for the detection of Ag+ and Al3+ in real water samples, logic gate and test paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence properties of paper as the ionic conductor has driven the new development in energy generators mainly micro‐nano scale energy. Instead of the flow channels in conventional fuel cells, the capillary action of the paper controls the flow of the electrolytes. Paper based biofuel cells and electrochemical fuel cells are recent trends in micro‐nano power generation to support the biosensors. In this study, zinc fuel and VO2+ oxidant were used to form a membraneless fuel cell. Instead of membrane, Whatmann® 2 filter paper was used as the separator cum autonomous microfluidic pumping system. When 6 M KOH and 1.5 M VO2+ in 2.5 M H2SO4 were supplied on the anode and cathode respectively, a peak power density of 9.4 mW cm−2 at 1.21 V and open circuit voltage of ∼ 2.5 V were realized. Due to the low cost and high power associated with this system, it can be used to power the Lab‐on‐Chip devices employed for single use point‐of‐care applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to build and test an amperometric biosensor to determine oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The biosensor is based on glutathione reductase (GR), which was immobilized onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified with cobalt sulfide (CoS2). CoS2 nanostructures on the composite paper surface are active centers for immobilizing the GR enzyme. The conversion of GSSG into reduced glutathione was monitored with voltammetry in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) on the GR‐CoS2/rGO immobilized electrode surface. The biosensor's cyclic volt response is linearly correlated with GSSG concentrations of 0.01–500 μM in a 0.1 M pH 7.4 phosphate‐buffer solution (PBS). The performance of the sensor was high, with a detection limit of 0.48 μM and a sensitivity of 0.6 mA μM cm−2. Four human blood samples were tested for GSSG with both the biosensor and Ellman's assay, which showed nearly identical results, confirming the biosensor's reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A probe based on merocyanine dye was synthesized as a salt of p‐toluenesulfonate. Owing to the high solubility of merocyanine dye in water and H‐bonding ability, it was investigated for anion‐induced aggregation properties in the buffered medium [CH3CN: water (1 : 1/v: v)]. The probe recognized the existence of cyanide ion by forming an H‐bond and displacing the p‐toluenesulfonate group. The probe displayed a bluish‐purple color in response to cyanide ion addition, which was initially light pink. The complex formation and aggregation properties of the probe were investigated using techniques like naked eye detection, digital colorimetry, UV‐Visible, 1H‐NMR, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Paper and solution‐based techniques aided by a smartphone were also used successfully in the determination process. An excellent limit of detection value (LOD) was witnessed in all the techniques exploited for sensing cyanide ions. Methods based on density functional theory (DFT) were also used to investigate the complex formation and observed a good correlation in experimental and theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple fluorescent probe, (E)‐N‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)methanimine (L), was synthesized via Schiff base condensation reaction between quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde and 3‐methoxy‐4‐methylaniline. L can be used as a ′turn‐on′ fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive detection of Zn2+ ions in a CH3OH/HEPES medium. The detection limit was 1.04×10−7 M. Job plot analysis shows that the binding stoichiometry of L and Zn2+ is 1 : 1, further verified by the single crystal structure. The fluorescence‐enhanced response of L towards Zn2+ ions may be related to the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) supported by theoretical calculations. By adding EDTA, the reversibility of the probe binding to Zn2+ ions is demonstrated, enabling the construction of a functional molecular logic circuit. In addition, probe L was successfully incorporated into test strips for the quantitative detection of Zn2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A turn on fluorescence probe was designed cleverly and synthesized simply through the condensation reaction between coumarin derivative and barbiturate, for sensitively specific recognition of hypochlorite ion (ClO−). This probe displayed a transient monitor process (about 5 min) to ClO− in a wide range of pH values (3‐10), and the monitor limit could be estimated as low as 0.73μM. What's more, this probe could perform fluorescence imaging of ClO− in living cells, and make ClO− in aqueous solution appear on the convenient test strip visually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexible, free‐standing and durable highly rough nickel metal‐organic framework/reduced graphene oxide (NiMOF/rGO) composite paper electrode was prepared with a simple electrochemical deposition of NiMOF structures on the surface of the rGO paper electrode. NiMOF/rGO composite paper electrode was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. As‐prepared NiMOF/rGO composite paper was used in the electrochemical detection of catechol (CC). The rough and flower‐like three‐dimensional (3D) NiMOF nanostructures on the rGO paper electrode surface greatly increased the catalytic performance of the paper electrode by providing a large active surface area. CC was detected on NiMOF/rGO composite paper in a very wide linear range from 0.02 to 760 μM, a low detection limit of 1.8 nM (S/N=3), with a high sensitivity of 0.158 mA μM cm−2 and very high selectivity, especially in the presence of phenol‐derived materials. Furthermore, it was determined that NiMOF/rGO composite paper also had high stability, flexibility, and durability, which may enable this material to be used in‐vivo applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved D−A‐D typed π‐conjugated optical chromophore (PBHPI) with multi‐activated recognition sites and its functionalized testing‐paper strips were constructed and developed, for the first time, based on B3LYP/6‐31G level of theory in Gaussian 03 suite. After its UV‐vis spectral property was investigated in detail, it was noted to find that the target PBHPI and its functionalized paper strips could conclusively react with F− with obvious color change from light yellow to dark red. Under the optimized experimental conditions, both PBHPI and its functionalized paper‐strips could selectively recognize F− with a double‐wavelength colorimetric response to realize a wide linear range from 5.0 ×10–6 mol/L to 1.4 ×10–4 mol/L. The present sensing systems were successfully applied for visually on‐site monitoring F− in some commercial organic and toothpaste samples simply and conveniently. The recognition mechanism was confirmed to be the deprotonating mechanism to form multiple hydrogen bonds as what we expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a single‐inlet paper‐pencil based microfluidic fuel cell which works on the capillary driven fluid flow of a mixture of fuel (formic acid) and electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid) solutions as a single entity. Different types of pencils are used to prepare the graphite electrodes to observe their effect on the fuel cell performance. The graphite electrodes are porous and act as a gas diffusion electrode which breaths in oxygen directly from the quiescent air and out CO2 from the cell. The paper fuel cell also fabricated in different dimensions and connected as cell‐stacks to enhance its performance. The paper‐pencil device generates maximum open circuit potential of ∼2.5 V in series combination and maximum current density of ∼ 82 mA cm−2 and power density of ∼ 100 mW cm−2 in parallel combination. Later, rGO−Cu/CuO nanocomposite embedded electrodes are used to observe their effect on the device performance. A single‐inlet paper‐based microfluidic fuel cell demonstrated which works on capillary action of a fluid that consists of a mixture of fuel (formic acid) and electrolyte (diluted sulfuric acid) solutions. Different grades of pencils are used to fabricate the graphite electrodes to study the performance of the fuel cell. Finally, the miniaturized fuel cells stacked to draw more energy for potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free standing electrodes have grabbed attention among the researchers around the globe due to its ease of fabrication, scale‐up and flexibility for stack development. In the present communication, we have described a novel approach to improve the areal capacitance of graphite fiber paper (GP) from 4.5 ×10−3 F cm−2 to 0.677 F cm−2 by surface modification. Surface functionalised graphite paper (Oxd‐GP) and its chemically reduced counterpart (Red‐GP) are explored as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The materials synthesized are structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDAX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The electrochemical performance of the electrodes is assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GC) analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) where both Oxd‐GP and Red‐GP exhibit appreciable areal capacitance while Red‐GP shows excellent cycle life over 2600 cycles. Red‐GP showed an increment in capacitance over 1000 cycles while attaining stability. This work suggests that modified graphite paper can be a low‐cost and free‐standing electrode for high performance energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two novel fluorogenic probes (HGMem‐2 and −3) for detecting Hg2+ were designed, synthesized and characterized. Probes based on a commercially available fluorophore (fluorescein) with high brightness were equipped with/without a photolabile group (2‐nitrobenzyl group), a membrane‐anchoring unit (cholesterol) and a Hg2+‐reactive moiety. Taking advantage of the hydrophobicity of the cholesterol group in the probe, a paper‐based device spotted with HGMem‐2 was developed as a Hg2+ paper indicators, and showed feasibility in complex cell lysate. Only upon UV photolysis, HGMem‐3 displayed more than 1900‐fold fluorescence enhancement with the addition of Hg2+. Furthermore, they exhibited pronounced Hg2+‐selective fluorogenic signalling behavior over other 45 analytes. Importantly, HGMem‐3 was utilized to specifically visualize Hg2+ near cell membrane in live HepG2 cells with high spatiotemporal resolution, avoiding the influence of reactive species outside cells successfully. Hence, our newly developed membrane‐anchored Hg2+ sensors provide useful tools for versatile applications in biological and environmental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting different metal ions, two novel complexes {[Zn(BCbpy)(m‐BDC)(H2O)] ⋅ 2H2O}n (1) and [Co(H2O)6]0.5[Co0.5(BCbpy)(H2O)2](m‐BDC) ⋅ 3H2O ⋅ DMF (2) have been prepared and structurally characterized in the presence of the viologen ligand 1‐(4‐carboxybenzyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (BCbpy) and 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylic acid (m‐H2BDC). The crystal structures and photochromic properties of two complexes have been investigated in this article. 1 possesses a two‐dimensional (2D) layered structure, while the structure of 2 is zero‐dimensional (0D). As expected, 1 and 2 were discovered to be photochromic accompanying electron transfer (ET). Interestingly, 1 can be dissolved in ethanol solution and deposited on filter paper, applied to a printing medium without ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) nanoparticles have garnered considerable attention for their effectiveness in water treatment. This paper reviews recent studies on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol using Fe(OH)3, detailing the synthesis procedure, photocatalytic reaction conditions under UV‐C and catalyst amount optimization. Iron hydroxide was synthesized using a facile precipitation method, and the produced catalyst was thoroughly characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV‐DRS, DTA/TGA and SEM. Characterization results indicated that the catalyst exhibited very low crystallinity, a 1.84 eV band gap, and very small particle sizes. The study investigated the degradation performance of phenol for different amounts of iron hydroxide, ranging from 0.1 g to 1 g, and determined the optimum catalyst amount to be 0.7 g. The catalyst demonstrated a degradation efficiency for phenol exceeding 90 % at the end of a 180 minute photocatalytic reaction. The paper offers a comprehensive analysis of Fe(OH)3 as a photocatalyst for phenol degradation, highlighting its potential for future applications in water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining soil ecosystem health. Their metabolic processes are directly impacted by various environmental stresses caused by the increasing release of chemical pollutants and changes in the physical environment due to rapid societal development. This paper aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the changes in soil microbial stress responses under various external environmental stresses. The impact of pollutants on soil ecological structure was analyzed by summarizing the stress response patterns of soil microorganisms to inorganic pollutants, organic pollutants, and extreme physical environmental factors. Additionally, the migration and transformation behaviors of various complex pollutants, facilitated by the involvement of soil microorganisms, were investigated. Moreover, a novel approach was proposed for pollutant control, suggesting that manipulating the external physical field of a certain intensity could guide microbial communities and their functions towards controllable evolution within the soil environment. Therefore, this paper was essential for exploring the diversity of soil microbial stress responses, strategically regulating contaminant transport, mitigating risks associated with soil complexity, and ultimately reshaping soil ecological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible Platinum Nanoleaves (PtNLs) deposited molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite paper was successfully prepared for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Synthesis of composite paper was achieved through vacuum filtration of homogeneous dispersions, consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphene oxide (GO). After chemical reduction of MoS2/GO paper with HI, it transformed to MoS2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper and used as the working electrode in a three‐electrode cell to deposit PtNLs by electroreduction method. The as‐prepared PtNLs‐MoS2/rGO paper was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. When PtNLs‐MoS2/rGO paper rolled up, it can be used directly as a catalyst with the enhanced surface area in a small space and exhibit high‐performance HER activity with a small onset overpotential of 62 mV and a low Tafel slope of 60 mV/dec as well as excellent electrocatalytic stability. The present work provides a potential way to design catalyst for HER through controlling the shape. The rolled‐shaped, flexible and free‐standing PtNLs‐MoS2/rGO paper catalyst was successfully prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic methods. It has been determined that sharp‐edged PtNLs having a 3D structure on the surface of the PtNLs‐MoS2/rGO paper catalyst significantly increase HER performance. The fact that rolled PtNLs‐MoS2/rGO paper has an effective catalytic performance for HER indicates that this material will be a promising catalyst candidate for various potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel free‐standing three‐dimensional MoS2/rGO/Cu2O ternary composite grown on etched carbon paper is successfully synthesized by simple hydrothermal method and demonstrated for very fast photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and binary mixture MB‐RhB under natural sunlight irradiation. Interestingly, the ternary film exhibits fast dyes degradation of ∼98 % within 45 min of irradiation indicating its excellent photocatalytic activity owing to efficient absorption in broad range of spectrum and the combined synergistic effects of the nanostructures. In addition, the stable photocatalyst film is reused six times without any major loss in efficiency thus making it suitable for real time applications for sustainable environment. The as‐prepared free‐standing, reusable and stable film demonstrates a wide potential in environmental monitoring applications such as removal of organic pollutants and wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A portable, low‐cost, flexible, sensitive and selective paper‐based sensor was proposed for nitroaromatic explosive detection in water samples. The sensor was designed to achieve π‐π stacking formation between emaraldine base polyaniline (PANI) and pyrene (Py) molecules. This π‐π stacking formation enables a sensitive turn‐off fluorescence quenching under the principle of photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. PANI−Py absorbed paper strips were immersed into the aqueous mediums of analytes and the fluorescence quenching was observed under a simple UV lamp by naked‐eye. Paper strips exhibited∼ 96 % quenching efficiency and the limit of detection was calculated about 9.59 ng/ml. Self‐quenching efficiency test showed that the sensor can be used for several weeks under the adequate storing conditions. In addition, experimental findings revealed that the paper‐based PANI−Py strips work with high precision in real‐samples such as tap water with∼ 85 % quenching efficiency. Moreover the reusability investigations showed that PANI−Py paper‐based sensor can be reused 5 times with 54 % sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel emissive Schiff‐base (3)has been synthesized through single‐step condensation of sulfanilamide and fluorogenic 3‐formylchromone. Compound (3) senses Fe3+ ion in semi‐aqueous media. Both fluorogenic and colorimetrical changes were observed in the presence of Fe3+ ions. Interestingly, on introduction of EDTA into the putative complex, [(3)+Fe3+], the spectroscopic changes were reversed. The ligand detects Fe3+ ions sensitively as the limit of detection for Fe3+ ion was 9.3×10−7 M. The probe performs molecular logic operation (INHIBIT) as well as function of a three‐input keypad lock. Further, the ligand (3)was successfully incorporated into Whatman filter paper as the test strips and aluminium coated silica gel plates, which showed a great selectivity for Fe3+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cationic porphyrin, 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridinio)porphyrin tetraiodide (TMPyP) was reported herein to exert selective, turn‐off fluorescence when complexed with Cu2+ ion. Although discernible spectroscopic changes of charged porphyrins with various metal ions were previously utilized as colorimetric sensors, the application of fluorescence quenching of charged porphyrins with Cu2+ ion has never been investigated in much detail before. Coupled with the ease of synthesis, the finding led to a construction of a simple paper‐based sensor for Cu2+ with good selectivity and sensitivity, with a limit of detection at 0.16 ppm, which is below the recommended amount in drinking water. Notably, this performance could be achieved with the need of only a handheld UV lamp and a smartphone or a compact camera, both of which are now considered to be highly accessible. Thanks to the simplicity of all involved processes, this study highlights a unique way in creating a new practical and economical sensor for Cu2+ ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical porous carbon exhibits enormous application potential in the field of energy storage. In this paper, we develop a facile method to prepare hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) derived from wood powder and using KMnO4 as the activator. The optimized HPC‐600 samples possess the large specific surface area with hierarchical porous structure and massive oxygen–containing functional groups. The HPC‐600 electrode shows a specific capacitance of 362.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a capacitance retention of 101.5 % after 10, 000 cycles. In addition, the assembled HPC‐600//HPC‐600 symmetric supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 18.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 600 W kg−1. This paper provides a new and convenient method for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two fluorescent probes IM‐MN and IM‐ECA based on D‐π‐A system were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their photophysical properties. The probes were found to exhibit solvatochromic properties showing the range of fluorescence color in different polar solvents. The solvatochromism of the probes was further employed for DCNP detection. Both the probes showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards DCNP with fluorescence quenching response in the presence of DCNP, under UV lamp (365 nm). The probe IM‐ECA was found more sensitive in comparison to IM‐MN for detecting the presence of DCNP even at the nanomolar range. The SEM analysis has revealed the phenomenon of aggregation upon interaction of probe with DCNP that led to fluorescence quenching further, blue shift of the absorption band in UV spectra indicated formation of H‐ aggregates. Also, probes IM‐MN and IM‐ECA were fabricated into portable paper strips for real‐time detection that also resembles the response obtained in the solution phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ratiometric highly fluorescent small molecular probe (L), 1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yliminomethyl‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐methylpyridin‐3‐ol, was designed for detecting Na(I) ions in DMF:water (1 : 9, v/v) medium. The chemical structure of Na(I) complex of probe was confirmed by single crystal XRD. The fluorescence detection of Na+ ion has been executed in both solid and solution medium. The observations suggest the same chemical structure in solution state as well. The detailed photochemical studies showed that highly selective sensing of Na+ ions even in the presence of common interfering K+ ions. The fluorescence decay studies showed that the lifetime of NaL is lesser than L. The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism and the nature of electronic transitions were examined by quantum chemical studies. The electrochemical behaviour was studied by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectra. It has also been shown that the probe can be applied to paper based sensing and imaging of Na+ ions in U87 cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of 10‐(4‐butoxyphenyl)‐10H‐phenothiazine (PTZ), a phenothiazine‐based molecule, for detecting chloroform and other chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). Upon exposure to these compounds to the phenothiazine‐dervitive in presence light, a significant change in emission occurs, enabling naked‐eye detection. The visual detection range of this phenothiazine derivative extends down to concentrations as low as 5 ppm. We demonstrate the one‐time use of thin‐layer chromatography paper (TLC) sensors and glass‐based sensors for on‐site detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons using a light source such as sunlight, UV‐lamp, or a solar box. Our findings suggest that this phenothiazine‐derivative has potential as a simple, low‐cost, and effective sensing platform for chlorinated solvents, with practical applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety. Furthermore, our results provide insights into the development of molecular sensors for detecting chlorinated hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel naphthalimide based fluorescent dye NI‐1 possess (i) high quantum yield, (ii) blue emission (λem=450 nm), (iii) CIE coordinate (x=0.21, y=0.35) with 39 % blue colour purity in solid state, (iv) photochemical and thermal stability up to 200 oC and (v) low cytotoxicity to normal cells L929. NI‐1 was doped in nano porous silica and used as fluorescent powder for imaging of latent fingerprints (LFPs) on coloured surfaces, barcode, wood, brick, leaf and engraved steel beside other common household porous and nonporous surfaces. We demonstrated visibility of levels 1–3 on ceramic tile, glass, paper, steel, iron and compact disc using NI‐1 doped fluorescent silica powder. Furthermore, LFPs developed with NI‐1 were successfully lifted from different surfaces using adhesive tape for documentation and archiving purposes. To mimic the automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS), we manually screened fingerprints from 16 subjects to identify the unknown subject. The unique minutiae points such as long hook, opposite bifurcation, crossbar, cross over, dock, triple bifurcation, lake and spikes were observed beside other 16 minutiae points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, firstly, a new organic material 9 containing triphenylamine (TPA) unit as an electron donor and diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) unit as an electron acceptor and thiophene scaffold as a π‐linker bridge was designed for diode applications according to D‐π‐A architecture. The organic material 9 was synthesized in four reaction steps with excellent yield (94 %), and fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS spectra. The diode performance properties of the obtained organic material were examined in detail. Current‐voltage (I–V) and capacitance‐voltage (C–V) measurements of this diode were carried out. As a result of the analysis of these measurements, the effect of the organic material used as the interface material on the electrical properties of the diode was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imidazolidinone derivatives have emerged as promising anticancer agents, captivating the attention of researchers in medicinal chemistry. Imidazolidinones, characterized by their unique chemical structure, have demonstrated versatility in synthetic methodologies. Researchers have developed a variety of derivatives, each with distinct modifications, allowing for fine‐tuning of pharmacological properties. This review explores the journey of imidazolidinone compounds, from synthesis to structure‐activity exploration, and investigates their anticancer mechanistic pathways. The synthesis methodologies, including diverse approaches and reaction conditions, were examined. Structural modifications are discussed, showing the versatility sof imidazolidinone scaffolds. Mechanistic insights into their anticancer mechanisms, in vitro, ex‐vivo and in vivo activities, with their challenges in development are critically analyzed. This paper concludes by emphasizing the potential of imidazolidinone derivatives and suggesting future research directions in the pursuit of novel and effective anticancer therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) materials can be used as flame‐retardants and smoke suppressants for polymers. As a MOF material, UIO‐66(Zr) possesses higher thermal stability and controllable pore size. In this paper, UIO‐66(Zr), NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr), and SiO2, MWCNT, and GO functionalized NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr) was fabricated to improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression performance of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The experimental results show that compared with neat TPU (LOI value 19.1 %), 2 % usage of UIO‐66(Zr) and NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr) can endow TPU with 26 % LOI value and vertical combustion rating of V‐1. Moreover, SiO2, MWCNT, and GO functionalized NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr) provide TPU with above 27.8 % LOI value and vertical combustion rating of V‐0. Meanwhile, the CCT results showed that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of TPU‐U5 (added 2 % GO‐modified NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr)) are 299.52 Kw ⋅ m−2 and 68.21 MJ m−2, much lower than that of neat TPU, which are 1180.05 Kw ⋅ m−2and 104.87 MJ m−2, respectively. The TGA, char residue EDS and XRD analysis show that SiO2, MWCNT, and GO functionalized NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr) could generate zirconium metal oxide during the combustion process, which acts as a physical barrier to prevent the TPU matrix by promoting the generation of carbonization layer. The zirconium metal oxide and carbonization layer also can confine flammable gases, which can delay the ignition time and hinder the overflow of gas. In addition, NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr) could generate non‐flammable N2 diluting the concentration of flammable gases. The mechanical properties of TPU composites can maintain more than 87 % of the neat TPU after the addition of 2 % SiO2, MWCNT, and GO functionalized NH2‐UIO‐66(Zr). These results indicate that functionalized Zr‐MOFs composites could act as excellent flame‐retardants in TPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a mesoporous bismuth nanopowders (Bi‐NPWs) were synthesized by chemical method and used as photosbilizer agent. The formation and stability of Bi in the solution was monitored by UV‐Vis analysis, the results shows a strong plasmonic band near 270 nm, which confirms the reduction of bismuth ions to Bi0 in the aqueous phase.Also, after the precipitating process, the optical properties of Bi‐NPWs were measured with UV‐Vis spectroscopy, which showed an absorption peak around 290 and 470 nm, characteristic of the plasmonic response of Bi nanoparticles (Bi‐NPs). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis have revealed a rhombohedral polycrystalline structure with a preferential orientation along the (012) plane for the Bi‐NPs. The surface states of the Bi‐NPs were evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The plasmonic properties the Bi‐NPWs was evaluated and exploited to photo‐stabilization of 2‐Aminophenol (2AP) in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation (365 nm). It was found that the Bi‐NPWs exhibited a remarkablephoto‐stabilization performance depending on the active surface.In the absence of Bi‐NPWs, a significant variation which increases to about (0.42 %) after 9 h of UV irradiation was noticed, with the presence of 6 m2g-1 ${{{\rm m}}^{2}{{\rm g}}^{-1}}$ and 45 m2g-1 ${{{\rm m}}^{2}{{\rm g}}^{-1}}$ Bi‐NPs the relative variation decreases to about (0.12 %) and to about 0.2 % respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic oxide catalysts derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have good catalytic oxidation activity, but their application is limited because the powder is not conducive to industrial production. In this study, CoCeOx/cordierite monolithic catalysts derived from ZIFs were prepared by a simple impregnation method. Firstly, a phase transition of Co‐ZIF was induced in ethanol solution by adding excessive Ce(NO3)3. Subsequently, tannic acid (TA) was used to chelate excess metal on the surface to expose more active sites. Meanwhile, TA staying on the surface of the precursor could also prevent the accumulation of Ce at high temperatures. After the activity test, CoCeOx/cordierite showed excellent activity for the catalytic oxidation of o‐xylene with a T90 of 295 °C. The mechanical stability of the catalyst was also tested by ultrasonic vibration method. In addition, we investigated the influence of factors such as impregnation cycles and TA treatment time on the physical and chemical properties. This paper provides a new idea for preparing monolithic catalysts derived from ZIFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important research components of photocatalytic research is the development of new photocatalysts, and recent studies have shown the rise of borate‐type photocatalysts. This paper focuses on the photoreduction of potassium dichromate and the photodegradation of rhodamine B by two borate composites under simulated sunlight. A coral‐like borate was obtained by sol‐gel preparation and then assembled by photodeposition with Pt nanoparticles dots or CuO particles to obtain the new composites with excellent performance. The kinetic constants of photocatalytic properties of 2 %Pt/Gd0.85Ce0.15B5O9 and 2.5 %CuO/Gd0.90Ce0.10B5O9 samples in the reduction and degradation reactions are 0.0050 min−1 and 0.0150 min−1, which are 25 and 4.2 times of the intrinsic GdB5O9 sample respectively. The results of the study indicate the research promise of developing new visible photocatalysts based on borates, especially for photocatalytic applications for pollutant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]