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Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a currently intensively used brominated flame retardant (BFR), is employed primarily as a reactive flame retardant in printed circuit boards but also has additive applications in several types of polymers. TBBPA is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that is observed in both abiotic and biotic matrices. This paper summarizes and critically reviews the published scientific data concerning the current pollution status of TBBPA in China. To provide an indication of the seriousness of the pollution levels of TBBPA in China, the data are compared with available existing data from other countries of the world. According to the available data, the sources of TBBPA in China are mainly derived from the primitive e-waste dismantling, TBBPA manufacturing and processing of TBBPA-based materials. The most serious cases of TBBPA pollution in China are in Guiyu, Guangdong (primitive e-waste dismantling site) with concentrations of TBBPA reaching 66,010–95,040 pg m −3 in air, Shouguang, Shandong (TBBPA manufacturing site) with concentrations of TBBPA reaching 1.64–7758 ng g −1 dry weight in soil, and Chaohu Lake, Anhui (industry concentration site) with concentrations of TBBPA reaching 850–4870 ng L −1 in water. In general, China is the most polluted region as affected by TBBPA compared with other countries. The present review preliminarily reveals the research status of TBBPA in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the amount of phosphogypsum (PG) has exceeded 250 million tons with more than 55 million tons of growth rates each year. As the micro constituent, fluorine and phosphorus restrict the resourceful disposal of PG. This paper focused on chemical looping gasification (CLG) which used PG as an oxygen carrier, systematically investigated the gasification performance and chemical behavior of fluorine and phosphorus contained in PG during CLG process. Main conclusions are as follows. The main pollutant of chemical looping gasification process was HF, which was transformed from NaF. Phosphorus transformed from water-soluble phosphorus (Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2 , Ca(HPO 4)) into insoluble Ca 3 (PO 4) 2.20 reducing-oxidizing cycles were investigated, and a less and less fluorine content in oxygen carrier was found because its phase transformation from solid NaF to gaseous HF, and the phosphorus content in oxygen carrier changed slightly under the current conditions. The Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 particle layers existed in both the middle of the reduced solid particles and the middle of the cycled oxygen carrier particles, confirmed to actually act as a glue between the particles. Furthermore, transformation routes of fluorine and phosphorus during the CLG process were discussed and the generation of syngas in CLG process needed to be purified. Image 1 • Evaluate the gasification performance and fluorine and phosphorus chemical behavior in CLG using PG as an oxygen carrier. • The main pollutant was gaseous HF in CLG, which was transformed from NaF. • The Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 particle layer existed in the middle of the solid particles, acting as a glue between the particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]