1. Selective determination of sartan drugs in environmental water samples by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- Author
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Maria Ramil, R. Cela, Isaac Rodríguez, G. Castro, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Investigación e Análises Alimentarias
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Tetrazoles ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Water Purification ,Tap water ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Sample preparation ,Solid phase extraction ,Antihypertensive Agents ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mixed-mode solid-phase extraction ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Elution ,Biphenyl Compounds ,Solid Phase Extraction ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Water analysis ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ,Sartans ,Valsartan acid ,Valsartan ,Benzimidazoles ,Water treatment ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
This is the accepted manuscript of the following article: Castro, G., Rodríguez, I., Ramil, M., & Cela, R. (2019). Selective determination of sartan drugs in environmental water samples by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere, 224, 562-571. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.137 Herein, a method for the simultaneous determination of the currently prescribed sartan drugs (eprosartan, EPR; olmesartan, OLM; losartan, LOS; candesartan, CAN; telmisartan, TEL; irbesartan, IRB; and valsartan, VAL), and the biodegradation product valsartan acid (VALA), in water samples (raw and treated wastewater, river and tap water) was developed. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were employed as concentration and determination techniques, respectively. Different sorbents and elution solvents were tested for sample preparation. Under optimized conditions, samples at neutral pH (6–8 units) were concentrated using mixed-mode (reversed-phase and anionic exchange) cartridges. Thereafter, the sorbent was washed with 5 mL of a methanol: water (1:1) solution, dried under a nitrogen stream and compounds were eluted with 2 mL of methanol: NH3 (98:2). The accuracy of the method (accounting for SPE efficiency and matrix effects during electrospray ionization) was investigated using solvent-based calibration standards. Global recoveries, obtained for different water matrices (tap, river, treated and raw wastewater), ranged from 82% to 134%, with standard deviations between 2 and 18%. LOQs varied from 2 to 50 ng L−1. Analysis of un-spiked samples confirmed: (1) the incomplete removal of sartans at sewage treatment plants (STPs), (2) the formation of VALA during municipal water treatment, and (3) the presence of VALA in the processed tap water samples. Additional findings of the current study are the detection of hydroxylated derivatives of the sartan drugs IRB and LOS in wastewater, and the E-Z isomerization of EPR in environmental water samples This study was supported by Xunta de Galicia (grant GRC-ED431C 2017/36), and the Spanish Government (grant CTQ2015-68660-P) SI
- Published
- 2019
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