1. Excited‐State Topology Modifications of the Dihydroazulene Photoswitch Through Aromaticity
- Author
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Luigi Nucci, Pavel Chábera, Nicolai Ree, Theis I. Sølling, Anders S. Gertsen, Kurt V. Mikkelsen, Mogens Nielsen, Thorsten Hansen, Anders B. Skov, Tõnu Pullerits, Jens Uhlig, and Jonas Sandby Lissau
- Subjects
Materials science ,potential energy surfaces ,Photoisomerization ,Topology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Energy storage ,Analytical Chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,excited state aromaticity ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,molecular switches ,Topology (chemistry) ,Physics ,Molecular switch ,010304 chemical physics ,Photoswitch ,energy storage ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Aromaticity ,aromaticity ,0104 chemical sciences ,Front cover ,Chemical physics ,Excited state ,Potential energy surface ,Density functional theory ,Ground state - Abstract
The gain and loss of aromaticity plays a key role in organic chemistry and in the prediction of rate-determining steps. Herein, we explore the concept of aromaticity in photoisomerization reactions. Benzannulated derivatives of the dihydroazulene-vinylheptafulvene (DHA-VHF) photoswitch were investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory to elucidate the effect of built-in aromaticity on the switching properties. We found that benzannulation hampered the switching ability by enhancing an already existing barrier on the excited state surface. This enhancement was found to arise from a significant loss of aromaticity in the DHA-to-VHF transition state on the excited state potential energy surface. The VHF was found to be highly aromatic on the excited state surface, showing a reversal of aromaticity compared to the ground state. The barrier was found to be dependent on the position of benzannulation, since one derivative was found to switch as fast as the non-benzannulated molecule although with lower efficiency, whereas another derivative completely lost the ability to undergo reversible photoswitching. The findings herein provide novel principles for the design of molecular photoswitches, shedding new light on excited state aromaticity, as previous discussions have mainly considered excited state aromaticity to be beneficial to switching. Our findings show that this view must be reconsidered.
- Published
- 2019
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