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The article discusses advancements in lung cancer therapy in the U.S. Topics covered include the Food and Drug Administration-approved molecular target therapies for the treatment of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, the selective evaluation of targeted cancer genes, and next-generation sequencing.

B INTRODUCTION: b Broncho-pericardial fistula (BPF) is a rare condition most commonly caused by trauma or iatrogenic etiologies, less frequently by infections (2,4).While rare in the literature, it requires a prompt diagnosis as it may lead to lethal complications. B Reference #1: b Abhijeet B, Shelke, MD, Ramesh K, Sourabh G. A case of bronchopericardial fistula with tension pneumopericardium closed successfully by transpericardial intervention: A novel procedure. [Extracted from the article]

B INTRODUCTION: b Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the lung is a rare form of non-small-cell lung cancer. High-grade MEC can be difficult to distinguish from adenosquamous carcinoma although MEC generally lacks keratinization and does not express TTF-1 or surfactant which are commonly expressed in adenosquamous carcinoma. B CONCLUSIONS: b Mucoepidermoid tumor of the lung is a rare type of non-small cell lung cancer traditionally managed with surgical resection, although other treatment modalities may be warranted for patients who are poor surgical candidates or have high grade tumors. [Extracted from the article]

CT chest revealed large areas of bronchiectasis, large bulla bilaterally, and right-sided pneumothorax with fistulization to the right breast. Though bullae have been associated with cigarette smoking, primary lung disease, and IV drug users, SSP is rarely seen with septic emboli and bacteremia (2). [Extracted from the article]

Despite repeated intervention with stellate cuts via electrocautery followed by balloon dilatation in addition to cryotherapy and intraoperative IV corticosteroids followed by oral taper, he continued to have recurrent large areas of GT and fibrotic webs. Despite multiple studies showing effective and sustained response to cryotherapy, our patient exhibited continued formation of GT and fibrotic webs. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the case study of a 60-year-old man with pulmonary tuberculosis which can increase malignancy degeneration to bronchogenic carcinoma.

Chest CT revealed a large area of bronchiectasis and interstitial infiltrate in the medial right lower lung field, right hilar lymphadenopathy and a right hilar nodule measuring 2cm x2.3cm transversely, thought to represent a central malignancy. The retained FB can then cause symptoms that mimic chronic conditions such as COPD, recurrent pneumonia1 and possible malignancy. CXR will only identify FBs about 25% of the time, therefore chest CT is preferred.1 Chest CT often shows focal abnormalities such as: atelectasis, bronchiectasis, consolidation1 or findings suggestive of malignancy. [Extracted from the article]

A prior CT chest showed a mass-like consolidation in the right upper lobe (RUL) with surrounding areas of consolidation, there were also enlarged right hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Pathology of the endobronchial lesion was consistent with squamous papilloma, the fine needle aspirate from the lymph nodes showed no carcinoma. While awaiting pathology results the patient expectorated a foreign body which pathology felt was consistent with bone, mostly likely non-human in origin. [Extracted from the article]

B INTRODUCTION: b Atypical radiological manifestations occur in up to one-third of patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). B DISCUSSION: b Atypical radiographic manifestations of TB are seen in one-third of adult onset TB cases, more commonly in immunosuppressed patients. [Extracted from the article]

A CT scan of the chest revealed Left lower lobe mass and multiple bilateral small pulmonary nodules. Histological examination of the lung mass revealed papillary adenocarcinoma and the pulmonary nodules showed PLCH. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of a 40-year-old Hispanic woman with dyspepsia and nephrolithiasis who is diagnosed with bronchogenic cysts resulting from abnormal budding of the tracheobronchial tree.

An abstract of the article "Bronchial Lipoma," by Yuan Qing is presented.

The article presents a case study of a 45 year old male who presented with shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough and hypoxia on initial examination. He was diagnosed. He underwent surgical resection, right-sided robotic-assisted thymectomy, lymphadenectomy and pathological examination which revealed an intra-thymic bronchogenic cyst present in the right side of the thymus filled with serous fluid.

Background Bronchial intraepithelial lesions may be precursors of central airway lung carcinomas. Identification and early treatment of these preinvasive lesions might prevent progression to invasive carcinoma. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature to develop evidence-based recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of intraepithelial lesions. Results The risk and timeline for progression of bronchial intraepithelial lesions to carcinoma in situ (CIS) or invasive carcinoma are not well understood. Multiple studies show that autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) is more sensitive that white light bronchoscopy (WLB) to identify these lesions. In patients with severe dysplasia or CIS in sputum cytology who have chest imaging studies showing no localizing abnormality, we suggest use of WLB; AFB may be used as an adjunct when available. Patients with known severe dysplasia or CIS of central airways should be followed with WLB or AFB, when available. WLB or AFB is also suggested for patients with early lung cancer who will undergo resection for delineation of tumor margins and assessment of synchronous lesions. However, AFB is not recommended prior to endobronchial therapy for CIS or early central lung cancer. Several endobronchial techniques are recommended for the treatment of patients with superficial limited mucosal lung cancer who are not candidates for resection. Conclusion Additional information is needed about the natural history and rate of progression of preinvasive central airway lesions. Patients with severe dysplasia or CIS may be treated endobronchially; however, it remains unclear if these therapies are associated with improved patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the study "Bronchogenic Carcinoma at a University Hospital in Egypt: A Case Control Study," by Eman Mohammad et al. is prresened.

The article presents a case study of a 42-year-old female who has presented with anorexia and abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with poor metastatic papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary and undergone with bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound. Topics discussed about pleural and parenchymal lung metastases.