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Accumulating literature has found a close relation between early life adversity (ELA) and anxiety. However, previous studies did not rule out the high co-occurrence of different types of ELA when exploring the association of ELA and anxiety. In the present study, we carried out network analysis based on a cross-sectional sample and longitudinal sample to investigate the relationship between ELA and anxiety symptoms in non-clinical populations over time. Online advertisement was carried out to recruit participants. The cross-sectional sample included 871 Chinese participants (M age = 19.11, SD age = 1.57), and the longitudinal sample involved 440 Chinese participants (M age = 18.93, SD age = 0.75). Three dimensions of ELA were assessed. The Threat/Harm dimension was assessed by subscales of physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Deprivation dimension of ELA was measured by subscales of physical neglect, and emotional neglect of CTQ. The Unpredictability dimension of ELA was evaluated by the Childhood Unpredictability scale. Anxiety symptoms were captured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Regularized partial correlation networks were constructed, and the expected influence (EI) as well as predictability of each node were calculated. Stability within the network was tested and the network comparison test was conducted to examine the difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network. The cross-sectional network was relatively tight, and nodes within the dimension of ELA clustered together. Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse revealed stronger associations with anxiety symptoms than other ELAs. Emotional abuse showed the highest EI in the network. These findings were replicated in the longitudinal network. The network comparison test indicated no significant difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network. Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse were strong predictors of anxiety symptoms, and the prediction was reliable and persistent. Reduce the experience of childhood emotional abuse can serve as a target to prevent anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is closely related to childhood trauma, yet there is a dearth of studies that have explored the symptoms of CPTSD among children in adversity. The current study aimed to explore the structure of the CPTSD network and to identify central symptoms in a sample of de facto unattended children in China. In total, 244 children and adolescents were included in the analysis, ranging from 9 to 16 years old (11.72 ± 1.64), with 45.49 % girls and 53.67 % boys. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) was used to assess CPTSD symptoms. We used a regularized partial correlation network to identify which symptoms had a high level of strength centrality or bridge centrality, and a Bayesian network to identify the upstream symptoms. The results showed that avoidance and emotional numbing had the highest level of strength centrality. Exaggerated startle response and emotional numbing had the highest level of bridge centrality. Last, re-experiencing was identified as upstream in the Bayesian network. Developmental differences are observed in CPTSD symptom centrality compared to adult populations. These findings offer insight into key symptoms of CPTSD in vulnerable children and adolescents. We revealed that children and adolescents in adversity who exhibit avoidance, emotional numbing, and re-experiencing should be given more attention. • Avoidance symptoms were strongly connected to other CPTSD symptoms among de facto unattended children. • Emotional numbing links PTSD with DSO symptom cluster. • Re-experiencing symptoms were upstream in the Bayesian network. • This study enhances understanding of diagnosing of CPTSD among children and adolescents in adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, youth of color, youth with a trauma history, and youth with disabilities are suspended and expelled at higher rates than their white peers without disabilities and trauma. Few researchers examine how this gap intersects to impact exclusionary discipline. DisCrit guides the article because it explains the pathways that lead to the overrepresentation of disabled youth of color in school exclusionary discipline through public policy. The purpose is to analyze the Minnesota Student Survey (2019) to examine how the impact of trauma on exclusionary discipline varies by race and disability. The main goal of this study was to examine the impact of ACEs on exclusionary discipline outcomes for youth of color with mental disabilities (MD). In the Minnesota Student Survey (2019), we use a representative sample (N = 104,043) of students' self-reported data from all public school districts in Minnesota. We conducted a logistic regression analysis of students with ACEs on exclusionary discipline. ACEs (odds ratios [OR] = 1.91) and youth with MD (OR = 1.36) are strongly associated with exclusionary discipline among youth of color. Lastly, the odds of exclusionary discipline are higher for youth with ACEs and a known MD than those youth without an MD but with ACEs among youth of color (OR = 0.74) and white youth (OR = 0.75). The results confirmed youth of color with MD are at higher risk for exclusionary discipline with undersupported ACEs than their white peers without MD. Implications for social work collaboration are discussed for school mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are strong, preventable risk factors for emotion dysregulation in adolescence, but whether ACEs-emotion dysregulation associations differ by race/ethnicity or gender remains unclear. We examined (a) how race/ethnicity and gender jointly impact latent ACEs classes and emotion dysregulation phenotypes, and (b) how these ACEs classes in childhood (by age 9) transition to latent emotion dysregulation phenotypes in adolescence (at age 15). Participants were 3,273 children from two waves of data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a large, nationally representative cohort. The sample consisted of 26.6% non-Hispanic (NH) Black boys, 25.4% NH Black girls, 12.9% Hispanic boys, 12.6% Hispanic girls, 11.8% NH White boys, and 10.7% NH White girls. We estimated latent class models to identify ACEs patterns across ten indicators and dysregulation phenotypes across affective, attentional, and behavioral domains. Latent transition analysis was used to examine how ACEs classes transitioned into dysregulation phenotypes from childhood into adolescence. The findings revealed significant variation in the number and nature of latent classes of both ACEs and emotion dysregulation across the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender. NH Black and Hispanic children were more likely to be in the Poverty and Parental Separation class than NH White children. Hispanic boys had the highest prevalence of Severe Dysregulation (16%), whereas NH White boys had the highest prevalence of Low Symptoms (52%). Individuals in the Poverty and Parental Separation class had a higher probability of transitioning to the Low Symptoms class. In contrast, those in the Abuse and Family Dysfunction class were more likely to transition to the Severe Dysregulation class, with NH White girls showing the highest probability (.34), nearly twice that of NH Black girls (.19). These gender differences in these transition probabilities were observed for Whites but not Blacks. These findings thus highlight the need for adopting an intersectional, person-centered approach when studying the effects of ACEs on adolescent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown a correlation between childhood trauma and social anxiety. However, the underlying mechanism of this association is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents, and to explore the mediating role of self-compassion and loneliness. In total 1309 adolescents (531 of whom were female) were recruited, and their mean age was 15.4 ± 2.30 years. Participants completed the Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Self-Compassion Scale, and University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships among childhood trauma, self-compassion, loneliness, and social anxiety. The PROCESS Macro Model 80 was used for regression analysis to explore the mediating effects of self-compassion and loneliness on the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. After controlling for the influence of gender and parental marital status, self-compassion mediated the association between childhood trauma and social anxiety, in which positive self-compassion alleviated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety, while negative self-compassion aggravated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. Furthermore, self-compassion and loneliness chain-mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. These results offer theoretical support for the research and intervention of adolescents' social anxiety, and are crucial for developing adolescents' mental health education and promoting interpersonal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugee-background children face increased risks of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). However, their access to support services continues to pose significant challenges. A need exists to understand how families and child welfare services respond to ACEs to inform the design of culturally responsive interventions. Based on a broader qualitative study with parents and practitioners, this article shares the findings on the tensions and challenges of addressing ACEs in African-background refugee families in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The research employed a qualitative micro-ethnographic approach. The first author interviewed 12 parents and 12 clinical practitioners and conducted two focus group discussions with African community leaders: the first with six and the second with five participants. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three central themes reflected the tensions and challenges associated with responding to ACEs: reliance on informal support, the "messy" child protection services, and gaps in the child protection system. Parents responded to ACEs through various cultural and spiritual practices and by allocating most family resources to the needs of the children directly affected by ACEs. This came at the expense of resources available for the victim's siblings, who were also experiencing ACEs directly or vicariously. Professional responses were reactive, and the experiences taking place before resettlement were overlooked. Interactions between parents and child welfare services were particularly adversarial in the case of child removal from the family. Refugee-background families face unique challenges in accessing services, but they also have capacities that can be harnessed in collaborative interventions addressing ACEs. Culturally responsive and trauma-informed support models may assist in improving interventions addressing ACEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals have not been well documented. We aimed to examine the associations of ACEs and different multimorbidity measures among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. The study population included 6428 participants aged 45 years or older who were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multimorbidity was assessed by the number of self-reported physician diagnoses of 14 chronic diseases, the Chinese multimorbidity-weighted index (CMWI), multimorbidity trajectories and multimorbidity patterns. ACEs were measured retrospectively by whether the individuals having physical abuse, emotional neglect, household substance abuse, household mental illness, domestic violence, incarcerated household member, parental separation or divorce, unsafe neighborhood, bullying, parental death, sibling death, and parental disability or not, which were characterized by the binarized presence or absence of any ACE. We estimated the associations between ACEs and multimorbidity using a mixed-effects model. Latent growth curve modelling was used to investigate the trajectory of multimorbidity by ACEs. Both models Adjusted for sociodemographic and other health risk factors. Patterns of multimorbidity by ACEs were explored using hierarchical cluster analysis. Of the 6428 individuals included (mean [SD] age, 56.67 [8.00] years; 6181 [45.29 %] were females), 81.16 % had experienced ACEs at baseline. ACEs were associated with an increased number of chronic diseases (β = 0.30; 95 % CI, 0.21 to 0.40) and the lower CMWI (β = −0.49; 95 % CI, −0.64 to −0.33). ACEs were associated with an increased number of chronic diseases at the baseline (intercept: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.20 to 0.36) and a more rapid increase in the number of chronic diseases over 7 years (intercept: 0.03, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.05). The results of continuous variables (the number of ACEs) were consistent with those of binary variables (ACEs). ACEs were associated with lower scores at the baseline (intercept: -0.46, 95%CI: −0.60 to −0.33) but weren't related to a faster decrease (intercept: -0.04, 95%CI: −0.07 to 0.00). The number of ACEs was associated with the lower scores of CMWI at baseline and the faster the decrease in CMWI scores (intercept: -0.17, 95%CI: −0.21 to −0.14; slope: -0.03, 95%CI: −0.04 to −0.02). The above results varied among different types of ACEs. The binary multimorbidity pattern (arthritis and stomach/digestive disease) had the highest prevalence (15.50 %) in the participants with ACEs. There were differences in multimorbidity patterns between individuals exposed to ACE or not. The liver-kidney cluster more likely clustered with the arthritis-stomach cluster in individuals without ACE, but with the cancer-psych cluster in counterparts with ACEs. There was an association between ACEs and multimorbidity with its trajectories and patterns after age 45. This study encourages a comprehensive life-course perspective to better understand and potentially prevent multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are widespread in East Asia, heightening the susceptibility to psychological and behavioral complications in adulthood. To identify polyvictimization patterns among Chinese college students and investigate the associations between diverse patterns and symptoms of depression, short-form video addiction (SVA), and life satisfaction. This study encompassed 13,307 college students from four urban centers in China (M age = 20.2; 46.4 % female). Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to discern patterns of ACEs among college students. The three-step method (R3step) was utilized to explore the influence of demographic characteristics on the distribution of latent classes. Additionally, the automatic Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars (BCH) Method was deployed to investigate the latent classes effect on distal outcomes. Left-behind experience was the most common ACE among Chinese college students. Four ACEs patterns were identified: 1) No/Very Low ACEs class (N = 8936, 67.2 %); 2) Parental Absence class (N = 430, 3.2 %); 3) Low/Moderate ACEs class (N = 3565, 26.8 %); and 4) High Violence and Left-behind class (N = 376, 2.8 %). The findings revealed a progressive escalation in healthy outcomes associated with the four ACEs patterns. Specifically, from the first class to the fourth, the severity of associated consequences (depression, life satisfaction and SVA) intensified. Distinct ACEs patterns correlate with varying degrees of mental health issues. Compared to participants solely separated from parents, those exposed to abuse and neglect demonstrate more pronounced mental health challenges and addiction susceptibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detrimental impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health have been extensively studied, mainly focusing on the effects of ACEs on adults. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring their influences on adolescents. This study aims to investigate the associations between ACEs and psychological distress among Swedish adolescents. At the end of 2020, 1561 Swedish adolescents (15–19-years-old) participated in an electronic survey. The survey encompassed questions about alcohol and drug use problems within the students' families, questions about the students' experiences of physical and psychological abuse, and the administration of the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess their mental health. Descriptive and comparative non-parametric statistics were applied. Nearly half of the study population reported experiencing one or more ACEs. Exposure to any ACE was significantly associated with a higher level of psychological distress. Of the ACEs examined, the experience of psychological abuse was the most substantial risk factor for psychological distress (with medium effect sizes of ε2 between 0.07 and 0.12 on each domain and a large effect size of ε2 = 0.14 on the General Severity Index scale). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.36) between the number of ACEs experienced and worsened mental health. The significant impacts of any ACE, the cumulative number of ACEs, and, particularly, psychological abuse on adolescent mental health are discussed. To further enhance the understanding of these associations and identify effective interventions to prevent and mitigate the negative impact of ACEs on mental health, additional research is warranted. • High prevalence of ACEs among today's adolescents highlighted. • Exposure to any ACE linked to increased psychological distress. • Psychological abuse identified as the most significant risk factor. • Positive correlation found between number of ACEs and worsened mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive dysfunction imposes a heavy economic burden on families and society. Depression and deprivation-related adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are important factors that contribute to cognitive dysfunction. However, few studies have explored these complex interactions. This study aimed to elucidate the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between deprivation-related ACEs and cognitive function in older adults. This national, cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. Information regarding depression, ACEs, and cognitive function was collected from individuals aged 60 years and older. A structural equation model was used to examine the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between deprivation-related ACEs and cognitive function. A total of 9828 participants were included in this study. Their mean total cognitive function score was 13.488 ± 3.006. The results showed that sex, age, educational level, marital status, body mass index, registered residence, chronic disease situation, health, smoking, living alone, life satisfaction, social security, and internet use were all related to cognitive function (P < 0.05). Deprivation-related ACEs were negatively correlated with cognitive function (r = −0.132, P < 0.01). And depression symptoms were negatively correlated with cognitive function (r = −0.158, P < 0.01). The mediating effect analysis indicated that depression symptoms had a significant mediating effect between the 3 dimensions of deprivation-related ACEs and cognitive function. This study highlighted that improvement of deprivation-related ACEs was indirectly related to a reduced likelihood of cognitive dysfunction through depression in older adults. With the limitations of cross-sectional studies, validation through longitudinal design studies is deemed necessary. Future interventions should focus on alleviating depression symptoms to prevent cognitive decline and impairment in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research indicates that prospective and retrospective measures of maltreatment often identify different groups of individuals, yet the reasons for these discrepancies remain understudied. This study explores potential sources of disagreement between prospective and retrospective measures of maltreatment, utilising qualitative data from interviewers' notes. The Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study includes 2232 children followed from ages 5–18. Prospective measures relied on caregiver interviews and researcher observations from ages 5–12, while retrospective measures involved self-reports via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire at age 18. We purposively sampled written interviewer notes from 36 participants who reported more types of maltreatment retrospectively than prospectively ('new reports' group) and 31 participants who reported fewer types retrospectively than prospectively ('omitted reports' group). We conducted a framework analysis of the notes, comparing between the two groups to explore explanations for measurement disagreement. Three categories of themes emerged related to measurement discrepancies: challenges with prospective measures, highlighting reasons given by the 'new reports' group for why maltreatment went undetected or was not adequately responded to prospectively; challenges with retrospective measures that highlight difficulties with openness and accuracy of self-reports; and differences in appraisals of violence or distressing childhood experiences between the two groups that might lead to new or omitted retrospective reports. Our findings underscore potential mechanisms underlying the disagreement between prospective and retrospective measures, contributing to better understanding of these different constructs and more balanced interpretation of related findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissociative symptoms are often conceptualized as a response to childhood trauma. However, most previous studies did not consider dissociation as a multidimensional phenomenon and only focused on English-speaking samples. To establish the cross-cultural validity of dissociation and examine the relationship of childhood trauma with different specific dissociative symptoms across two different samples. Data from two surveys were analyzed (N = 781 Chinese-speaking adults and N = 468 English-speaking adults). Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Subsection of the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey and the Multiscale Dissociation Inventory (MDI) in their respective languages. We first established the measurement invariance of the MDI across the samples. Then, we examined the correlations between childhood trauma and different dimensions of dissociation. The six-factor structure of MDI achieved configural, metric and scalar invariance across the samples. In both samples, childhood trauma was significantly correlated with all facets of dissociation (rs = 0.227 to 0.450, p <.001), after controlling for age and gender. While depersonalization (r = 0.450) had the strongest correlation with childhood trauma in the Chinese-speaking sample, memory disturbance (r = 0.333) had the strongest correlation with childhood trauma in the English-speaking sample. Dissociation is a valid, multidimensional construct associated with childhood trauma across cultures. Yet, social and cultural factors might influence this relationship. Further studies on the complex relationship between childhood trauma and different specific dissociative symptoms, as well as possible moderators, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family-centered substance use treatment (FCSUT) may have benefits for parents, children, and their families, and have the potential to decrease adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Few treatment programs use FCSUT, even those that aim to serve pregnant and postpartum people. To understand how families are integrated into FCSUT services for pregnant and postpartum people, explore the perceived benefits of FCSUT for families and parents, and identify challenges to implementing FCSUT. Interviews with 26 administrators and providers working at FCSUT facilities and 27 pregnant and postpartum people who were currently receiving or had previously received services in the last two years from FCSUT facilities. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using data from semi-structured in-depth interviews. The analysis revealed four themes: (1) the importance of families in treatment and recovery; (2) benefits of FCSUT for parents; (3) benefits of FCSUT for families; and (4) additional areas for FCSUT program growth. Despite reported benefits (e.g., improving parenting and communication skills; promoting healthy relationships with children, partners, and other family members; and facilitating a support system for long-term recovery), facilities and families face challenges integrating whole family units into treatment. FCSUT may offer a range of benefits to pregnant and postpartum people and their families. Addressing challenges, such as fully integrating all family members into treatment, may improve FCSUT programs. Meeting the needs of all family members during treatment supports safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and environments for children that may decrease ACEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to offspring adversity and poor health outcomes, but little is known about whether and to what extent parental positive childhood experiences (PCEs) influence offspring positive experiences and well-being. To investigate the association between parent and child ACEs and PCEs and their impact on child well-being and psychopathology. A national sample of n = 1016 US parents of 1–5-year-olds completed online surveys in September 2019. Mediation analysis in a path modeling framework was used with stratified probability weights for generalizability to the US population. Each additional parent PCE equated to 0.32 (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.45) increase in child PCEs and each additional parent ACE equated to 0.18 (95 % CI: 0.06, 0.31) increase in child PCEs and 0.13 (95 % CI: 0.08, 0.18) increase in child ACEs. In turn, an increase in 1 child PCE was associated with 0.10–0.16 SD increase in well-being and 0.06–0.10 decrease in psychopathology, and each additional child ACE equated to 0.10–0.18 SD increase in psychopathology. Results support the intergenerational transmission of PCEs and ACEs, advancing understanding of the role that parent PCEs play in promoting child PCEs and fostering child well-being. Findings underscore the importance of extending clinical surveillance of ACEs to include PCEs in pediatric and adult healthcare settings. Dual-generation programs that address the negative consequences of parental ACEs may be able to increase their impact by adding a parallel emphasis on PCEs and providing parents with tools to foster PCEs in their children. • Results support the intergenerational transmission of PCEs and ACEs. • Parent PCEs promote child PCEs and, in turn, child well-being, even amidst adversity. • More child PCEs are associated with higher well-being and lower psychopathology. • PCEs-focused dual-generation programs may help foster child PCEs and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-documented that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have a negative impact on mental health outcomes across the lifespan, while Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) act as a protective factor. Less is known about the relative impact of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcome for adolescents. The present study sought to identify the relative impact of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcomes for youth. Data were drawn from a state-wide, cross-sectional health survey of 12–17 year-olds (n = 1169) conducted on a continuous basis throughout 2021, following the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents completed ACEs and PCEs screeners and the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale to assess current mental health symptoms. A multiple regression analysis controlling for age, gender, and poverty level, was conducted to examine the relative impacts of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcomes. Male gender, younger age, lower family poverty level (e.g., more financial hardship), absence of ACEs, and experiencing more PCEs were significantly associated with better mental health outcomes for adolescents [ F (5, 1163) = 104.48, p <.001]. Notably, ACEs were found to account for only 9 % of variance in mental health outcomes (Δ R 2 = 0.09), while PCEs accounted for 18 % of variance (Δ R 2 = 0.18). PCEs explained approximately double the variance in mental health outcomes for adolescents compared to ACEs. Results indicate promoting youths' exposure to PCEs in childhood and adolescence may offer a meaningful pathway for supporting adaptive mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among adolescents. However, knowledge about the possible factors that might precede and influence its development remains scarce. Our goal is to examine the impact of adverse childhood events, and more specifically of different types of childhood maltreatment (CM) in adolescent NSSI. This involves performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the different CM subtypes (physical and emotional neglect, physical and emotional abuse, sexual abuse) in clinical and non-clinical samples of adolescents with NSSI. A digital search of the PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science platforms for articles published up to June 2022 was performed. The search terms were "self harm", "non-suicidal self-injury", "childhood maltreatment" and "adolescents". Forty-six articles that fit the research objectives were included in the study, which covered a total of 1,505,430 adolescents, of whom 560,337 belonged to the NSSI group, while 945,093 were in the control group. The results describe strong positive associations between all CM subtypes and NSSI, especially with emotional abuse (odds ratio [OR] 2.91, 95 % CI 2.37–3.56) and sexual abuse (OR 2.72, 95 % CI 2.12–3.48), in clinical and non-clinical samples of adolescents. The experience of CM, and especially emotional and/or sexual abuse, seems to be associated with a greater risk of developing NSSI in adolescence. Therefore, early identification and detection of children who have suffered or are suffering these forms of CM are of vital importance for instigating psychotherapeutic treatments that can minimize the risk of developing NSSI in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous scholarship has illustrated the pernicious role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in self-reported mental health, namely depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. Given these insights, highlighting protective factors that may diminish the magnitude of this relationship is important. The present study explored the moderating role of perceived control on the relationship between ACEs and depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Participants consisted of a US-based non-clinical sample of 567 undergraduate students who completed a battery of surveys related to psychological wellbeing and individual differences. A series of hierarchical linear regression analyses were utilized for hypothesis testing. Consistent with our main hypotheses, perceived control moderated the relationship between ACEs and both anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Namely, at low levels of perceived control, ACEs were associated with significantly greater levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. However, for those reporting high levels of perceived control, we found no association between ACEs and self-reported symptoms. We offer evidence that perceived control may serve as a protective factor for mental health and wellbeing against the influence of adverse childhood experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect up to half the general population, they are known to co-occur, and are particularly common among those experiencing poverty. Yet, there are limited studies examining specific patterns of ACE co-occurrence considering their developmental timing. To examine the longitudinal co-occurrence patterns of ACEs across childhood and adolescence, and to examine the role of poverty in predicting these. The sample was 8859 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a longitudinal prospective population-based UK birth cohort. Repeated measures of ten ACEs were available, occurring in early childhood (birth-5 years), mid-childhood (6–10 years), and adolescence (11–16 years). Latent class analysis was used to identify groups of children with similar developmental patterns of ACEs. Multinomial regression was used to examine the association between poverty during pregnancy and ACE classes. Sixteen percent of parents experienced poverty. A five-class latent model was selected: "Low ACEs" (72·0 %), "Early and mid-childhood household disharmony" (10·6 %), "Persistent parental mental health problems" (9·7 %), "Early childhood abuse and parental mental health problems" (5·0 %), and "Mid-childhood and adolescence ACEs" (2·6 %). Poverty was associated with a higher likelihood of being in each of the ACE classes compared to the low ACEs reference class. The largest effect size was seen for the "Early and mid-childhood household disharmony" class (OR 4·70, 95 % CI 3·68–6·00). A multifactorial approach to preventing ACEs is needed – including support for parents facing financial and material hardship, at-risk families, and timely interventions for those experiencing ACEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unresolved/disorganized (U/d) attachment states of mind are associated with poor outcomes across numerous domains of functioning. However, the validity of existing self-report instruments measuring this construct remains questionable. The aim of the current study was to validate the DRS-8, an alternative version of the Disorganized Response Scale (DRS), by assessing its construct validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity with the U/d attachment scales on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Date were collected from 222 expectant parents (78 % women) at T1 and from 67 of them at 12 months postpartum (T2). Participants completed the DRS-8 and questionnaires assessing childhood trauma, romantic attachment, and psychological symptoms during pregnancy (T1). Seventy-four of them participated in the AAI at T1. At T2, parents completed a questionnaire assessing their infants' social-emotional development. The DRS-8 has two highly correlated dimensions, i.e., lapses in the monitoring of reasoning (four items) and discourse (four items). A confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactor structure of the instrument, showing good fit indices and internal consistency (ω = 0.87). The DRS-8 was significantly correlated with U/d states of mind on the AAI, r (72) = 0.28, p =.016, and demonstrated excellent construct validity. Significant indirect effects of the DRS-8 were found in the associations between childhood trauma and psychological symptoms, and between parental trauma and infant social-emotional development. The DRS-8 appears to be a promising self-report measure of U/d states of mind showing criterion validity with the AAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 60 % of U.S. adults report adverse childhood experience (ACE), which correlate with risky health behaviors and lower utilization of healthcare preventive measures, potentially leading to chronic diseases in later life. This study investigates the relationship between ACEs and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in a national U.S. adult sample. We used data from selected states from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected in years 2019 (Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee), 2020 (Georgia, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Carolina), 2021 (Mississippi), and 2022 (Arkansas) (N = 3578, 4392, 904, and 810, respectively). We conducted descriptive, univariate, and multivariable regression analysis using SAS 9.4. Independent and dependent variables were ACEs and HPV vaccination, respectively. Individuals with ≥4 ACEs, versus no ACEs, were significantly more likely to report HPV vaccination in 2019, 2020, and 2021 (OR = 1.40, 1.77, 2.80, all p < 0.05 respectively), except in 2022 (OR = 1.54, p = 0.165). In 2019, specific ACE types, emotional abuse, and household mental illness were associated with HPV vaccination, whereas in 2021, emotional abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household member, and substance abuse in household, and in 2022, emotional abuse was associated with HPV vaccination. We found mostly positive association between ACEs and HPV vaccination, particularly in initial three years. However, findings in 2022 were not significant, except for emotional abuse. Diverse patterns in relationship between ACEs and HPV vaccination was observed overtime, highlighting the need for consistency in ACEs and HPV vaccination data collection, including vaccination timing, to better understand the underlying mechanisms and plan for interventions to prevent HPV-related cancers among these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although maternal childhood maltreatment has been associated with offspring externalizing symptoms, little is known about the potential mechanisms that contribute to breaking the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment. The current study aimed to (a) investigate the intergenerational effect between maternal childhood maltreatment and offspring externalizing symptoms in the Chinese family; (b) examine maternal supportive and harsh parenting as potential mediators of this intergenerational effect; and (c) explore the moderating roles of paternal support parenting, as well as paternal harsh parenting, in this mediation process of maternal supportive and harsh parenting. The sample consisted of 1111 mother-father-child triads from Beijing, recruited when the children were one and three years old. Mothers completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and both parents completed the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment and Comprehensive Early Childhood Parenting Scale. Our results showed that maternal childhood maltreatment was a risk factor for offspring externalizing symptoms at T2 (β = 0.24, t = 6.51, p <.001), and this effect was mediated by maternal supportive (indirect effect = 0.03, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.05]) and harsh parenting (indirect effect = 0.03, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.07]) at T1. Furthermore, paternal harsh parenting moderated the indirect effect of maternal childhood maltreatment on child externalizing symptoms through maternal supportive parenting. These findings contribute to our understanding and provide valuable information for disrupting the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is one type of childhood trauma that has long-term effects on physical and mental health, predisposing to social anxiety. This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of different subgroups of social anxiety among youths with CSA experiences. 83,219 participants were recruited in a cross-sectional study from 63 colleges and universities in Jilin Province, China. The main variables were measured by a series of self-report questionnaires. Latent profile analysis was used to classify different subgroups of social anxiety, and multiple logistic regression was employed to investigate factors influencing transitions between different subgroups. 3022 (3.63 %) youths who suffered from CSA (46.8 % were male, M age = 19.57, SD = 1.76) could be divided into four subgroups of social anxiety: low-risk social anxiety (16.4 %), medium-risk social anxiety with high public speaking anxiety (30.3 %), medium-risk social anxiety with no prominent characteristics (22.9 %), and high-risk social anxiety (30.4 %). Shy bladder and bowel and virtual life orientation increased the level of social anxiety from low to medium and high risk. Smoking and drinking were more prevalent in the low- and medium-risk subgroups than in the high-risk subgroup. There was heterogeneity in different subgroups of social anxiety among youths with CSA experiences. Potential targeted prevention and intervention suggestions could be beneficial in mitigating the risk of social anxiety and further preventing the aggravation of risk between subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may lead to increased problematic media use (PMU). However, whether parental adverse childhood experiences predict offspring PMU, and the mediating roles of psychological distress and harsh discipline, two common mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of parental ACEs, in this relationship have not been examined in Chinese samples. This study examined the serial mediating effects of psychological distress and harsh discipline on the association between parental ACEs and children's PMU. Participants were 617 three-year-old children and their parents (mean age of 33.24 years, SD = 4.01) from Wuhu, China. Parents completed online questionnaires measuring ACEs, psychological distress, and demographic information in September 2022 (Time 1). Parents completed online questionnaires measuring harsh discipline and offspring PMU in September 2023 (Time 2). Macro Process 6 was used to test two serial mediating effects of psychological distress and corporal punishment, as well as psychological distress and psychological aggression. A total of 5000 bootstrap samples were used to estimate the 95 % confidence intervals. A significant effect was indicated by a 95 % confidence interval that did not include zero. The findings suggest that parental ACEs directly and positively predict offspring PMU. Psychological distress and harsh discipline mediate the association between maternal ACEs and offspring PMU parallelly and sequentially. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological distress and harsh discipline when designing interventions targeting Chinese parents exposed to ACEs and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relatively understudied but growing body of research indicates that individuals with a history of childhood trauma exhibit altered reward processing in adulthood. Research to date has focused on adversity broadly, with studies typically finding evidence of blunted response to rewards in adults with a history of childhood trauma. Given the role of reward processing in risk for psychopathology and the particularly pathogenic nature of sexual abuse (SA), the present study sought to assess whether adults with a history of severe childhood SA exhibit altered neurophysiological response to rewards. Female adults (N = 105) were included from two study sites that used the same measures of childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ), reward processing (Doors Task), and psychopathology (SCID). Based on participants' CTQ and SCID responses, three groups were created: Severe SA (n = 36), Clinical Match (with comparable lifetime psychopathology but no-to-minimal SA history; n = 35), and Healthy Controls (n = 34). Group differences in RewP amplitude were assessed. The Severe SA group exhibited larger reward positivity (RewP) amplitude to monetary rewards than the Clinical Match and Healthy Control groups (partial ƞ2 = 0.06, p =.047). This effect remained after covarying for severity of other forms of childhood trauma. Our study found that severe SA in childhood was related to a heightened response to reward in adulthood. Furthermore, this was not attributable to the severity of other forms of early trauma or comorbid psychopathology. Future studies are needed to identify how heightened reward processing following severe childhood SA may be implicated in the onset and course of psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that maternal ACEs have intergenerational consequences for offspring mental health. However, very few studies have investigated moderators of this association. The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine whether child resilience factors moderated the association between maternal ACEs prior to age 18, and child-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, and inattention. The current study used data from 910 mother-child dyads. Participants were recruited in pregnancy from 2008 to 2010 as part of a longitudinal cohort study. Mothers had previously completed an ACEs questionnaire and reported on their child's resilience factors at child age 8-years. Children completed questionnaires about their mental health problems (symptoms of anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, and attention problems) at ages 10 and 10.5 years. Four moderation models were performed in total. Results revealed that maternal ACEs predicted child-reported symptoms of anxiety (β = 0.174, p =.02) and depression (β = 0.37, p =.004). However, both these associations were moderated by higher levels of perceived child resilience factors (β = −0.29, p =.02, β = −0.33, p =.008, respectively). Specifically, there was no association between maternal ACEs and child mental health problems in the context of moderate and high levels of child resilience factors. Children who have the ability to solicit support from internal and external sources (e.g., being creative, setting realistic goals, making friends easily) may be buffered against the consequences of maternal ACEs on anxiety and depression. Thus, the effects of maternal ACEs on child mental health problems are not deterministic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a significant impact on a person's psychological development and predispose them to various harmful consequences in adulthood, such as different forms of aggression. Contrarily, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) operate as protective factors, buffering against the adverse effects of ACEs and promoting adaptive behaviors and psychological well-being. However, the role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression remains relatively unexplored. To explore the moderation role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression and its different components across sexes in a community sample. A sample of 1541 Portuguese adults answered an online protocol with a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, the Childhood History Questionnaire, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. ACEs were positively correlated with aggression, including physical and verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, with women reporting a higher prevalence of ACEs and higher levels of anger. Men revealed higher scores in physical and verbal aggression. Furthermore, moderation analyses clarified the moderating effect of PCEs on the relationship between ACEs and aggression in women and between ACEs and anger in both sexes. PCEs attenuate the adverse impact of ACEs, reducing aggression and anger levels. This study stresses the complex interplay between childhood experiences and adult aggression, highlighting the differential effects of ACEs and PCEs across men and women. By clarifying these dynamics, interventions can be tailored to bolster protective factors like PCEs. This will ultimately foster healthier developmental trajectories and reduce the prevalence of aggression in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiencing trauma in childhood has been associated with more severe psychopathology and a greater risk of engaging in harmful behavior later in life. Traumatic exposure can also erode a child's self-concept. Negative self-concept has been associated with shame, self-doubt, and helplessness in the face of adverse experiences. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based model for children; however, research on its effectiveness in improving children's self-concept is limited. To investigate the impact of trauma on school-aged children's self-concept and improvements following TF-CBT. A demographically diverse sample of trauma-exposed school-aged children referred to community-based agencies in Canada and a normative sample of school-aged children randomly selected from the general population in the United States. A longitudinal design was used to assess trauma-exposed children's self-reported self-concept using the short-form Tennessee Self-Concept Scale – Second Edition (TSCS:2; Fitts & Warren, 1996) prior to and following TF-CBT. Trauma-exposed children had a significantly more negative mean self-concept compared to that of the normative sample. Improvements following TF-CBT – and not the passage of time alone – were found with gains maintained six months post-therapy. School-aged children awaiting treatment at community-based agencies are likely to hold clinically concerning negative views of themselves. TF-CBT was effective in significantly improving their self-concept with continued and lasting improvements observed after the therapy had been completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deleterious effects of experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), especially those associated with child abuse and neglect (CM-ACEs), is well documented. Two common behavioral and emotional concerns observed in children following CM-ACEs is post-traumatic stress and aggression. While support for cognitive models explaining both of these outcomes exists, little is known about any shared cognitive vulnerabilities that may explain the presence of both. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a cognitive model of vulnerability/safety as a shared underlying mechanism for the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and aggression following the occurrence of CM-ACEs in children. Male youth between the ages of 6 and 14 attending school within a residential setting participated in a school-based performance improvement program. As a part of the program, data were collected on the child's history of abuse, PTSS, aggression, and feelings of safety and vulnerability. The results of the SEM suggested that there was a significant serial indirect effect of vulnerability and PTSS on the relation between CM-ACEs and reactive aggression. This was not true for proactive aggression. The current results suggest that that there may be a shared schema-based model in which feelings of vulnerability and cognitive models promoting the world as an unsafe place may contribute to the maintenance and development of both PTSS and reactive aggression among children who have experienced abuse/neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have investigated the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the health, development, and well-being of children and adolescents. However, most studies have failed to examine whether childhood adversity and ecological factors interact to influence relevant health outcomes. We used pooled data from the 2018–19 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 24,817) to assess the relationship between ACEs, neighborhood quality, and three domains of adolescent health and well-being: mental health (i.e., symptoms of anxiety problems and depression), neurodevelopmental health, and behavioral problems. Nine types of ACEs were captured in the NSCH data. Logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between ACEs, neighborhood quality, and adolescent health and well-being. Our results indicate that ACEs are associated with each of these domains, with higher ACE scores associated with a higher risk of detrimental outcomes. Neighborhood disorder is also associated with several outcomes. Consistent with our expectations, in the presence of neighborhood disorder the association between higher ACEs exposure and behavior/conduct problems or neurodevelopmental disorders is larger. Our results have important implications for understanding how individual and contextual factors may combine to influence child health and behaviors, as well as offering policy recommendations that might help children who experience traumatic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are pervasive and well-recognized as having lasting deleterious effects on the physical and mental health of those who experience them, particularly with accumulated exposure. This study seeks to identify the perspectives of interprofessional health providers on their personal and professional experiences with ACEs, ACEs screening, how to work with people with ACEs, and make recommendations for the field. Sixty-two health professionals and PhD students who completed at least one module of an online course and at least one of the accompanying discussion board sub-prompts. Responses to five course discussion board assignments, each with multiple sub-prompts, were coded to determine and refine major themes and merged with demographic and other background data. From the 561 responses, six themes were identified and used to analyze response patterns. Twenty-nine percent of responses reflected a macro perspective on ACEs; 29 % of responses reflected workplace experiences; 28 % of responses reflected ACEs complexity, 8 % of responses reflected a personal relationship to ACEs, 3 % reflected perspectives on resilience; and 3 % were related to the course. Participants communicated complex understandings of ACEs, demonstrating the relevance and importance of the topic for public health training. Integrating ACEs training into the practice setting provides opportunities to improve the health and lives of those suffering from ACEs, especially when incorporating provider voice and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental support has been suggested to mitigate mental and physical consequences following childhood sexual abuse (CSA). However, many CSA survivors experience parental rejection post-CSA. We aimed to understand the impact of abuse-specific parental acceptance on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physical pain in Burundian CSA-survivors. We further assessed the significance of parental acceptance among known risk factors for predicting PTSD. Participants (N = 131, 80.9 % female, mean age 16.21 years) were recruited via primary health care centers for survivors of sexual violence which survivors approached post-CSA. Survivors reported on PTSD symptoms, daytime/nighttime pain, and adverse childhood experiences in semi-structured interviews. Parental acceptance levels were categorized (acceptance, no acceptance, no contact) for mothers and fathers separately. Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed group differences. Conditional random forests (CRF) evaluated the significance of parental acceptance in predicting PTSD symptom severity. No significant differences regarding PTSD symptoms and physical pain between levels of maternal acceptance were obtained. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in PTSD symptom severity between paternal acceptance and no acceptance (d = 1.04) and paternal acceptance and no contact (d = 0.81). The CRF identified paternal acceptance as important variable for the prediction of PTSD symptom severity. Even though results were less conclusive, medium effect sizes hint at less pain perception within the paternal acceptance group. The results highlight paternal acceptance as a potential risk or protective factor regarding psychological and possibly physical well-being in the aftermath of CSA, even in the context of other known risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sizeable literature shows that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor health outcomes in later life. However, most studies on the prevalence and predictors of ACEs have been carried out in high-income countries using cross-sectional approaches. The present study explores the prevalence and predictors of ACEs in Malawi, a low-income country, using prospective longitudinal data collected on adolescents. We use data on 1375 adolescents and their biological mothers from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH). ACEs were reported by adolescents over two survey waves, in 2017–18 and 2021. Predictors were reported by mothers in 2008 and 2010. Multivariate ordinary least square and logistic regression analyses of ACEs exposure reported by adolescents on indicators of family arrangements and resources. Adolescents report having been exposed to nearly seven ACEs on average. Among indicators of family arrangements and resources, the only significant predictors of cumulative ACEs exposure are polygyny (linked to parental absence) and mother's SF-12 mental health score (linked to physical abuse and witnessing domestic violence). ACEs are much more prevalent in the low-income country under study than in middle- and high-income countries surveyed in prior research. Despite adversity being widespread, most indicators of family arrangements and resources highlighted in prior studies are not associated with adolescents' cumulative ACEs exposure in this context. Mothers' mental health in childhood nevertheless emerges as a significant predictor of adolescents' self-reported ACEs. These findings inform efforts aimed at preventing ACEs in high-adversity contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with a history of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are at risk of subsequent cannabis use. However, at present no existing systematic review explores ACEs as they relate to cannabis use. The aim of this systematic review paper is to examine how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact rates, patterns, and the nature of cannabis use in adulthood. Guided by the PRISMA statement, this systematic review focuses on longitudinal studies that report cannabis use in adulthood. Databases searched include PubMed and Embase. Ultimately, 28 manuscripts were selected for inclusion, ranging in scope from smaller community-focused studies to nationally representative longitudinal surveys; 22 of 28 studies occurred in the United States, with sample size ranging from 303 to 15,960 participants. Instruments used to assess ACEs and cannabis use varied considerably across studies, leading to loss of consistency. Nevertheless, presence of ACEs–childhood sexual abuse in particular–was consistently associated with cannabis use later in life. Frequency and severity of ACEs was found to exert an additive cumulative effect on severity of cannabis use. This systematic review lays the foundation of the current state of the science regarding ACEs and cannabis use, which can provide further insight into a better understanding of this relationship and provide potential intervention opportunities. • Childhood adversity correlates with cannabis use, with more severe ACEs increasing risk of adult cannabis use disorder. • Inconsistent methods of measuring cannabis use and ACEs hinder result comparison, affecting reliability. • Adult primary care screening can identify those needing specialized care due to childhood trauma. • Studying causation and ACEs' impact on cannabis use in diverse groups are curcial for better understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to adverse care experiences, foster children are at risk for developing symptoms of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). This study investigated the factors influencing rate and course of RAD and DSED symptoms during the first year of placement in long-term foster care. The sample consisted of 55 foster children aged 1 to 6 years. Measurements were taken at placement as well as 6 and 12 months after placement. RAD and DSED symptoms were assessed with the Disturbance of Attachment Interview (DAI). DSED symptoms were also assessed by observation with the Rating of Infant Stranger Engagement (RISE). Foster parents and caseworkers reported on children's preplacement experiences and placement characteristics. RAD symptoms were rare at Wave 1 (5.5 %) and remitted in most children within the first six months of placement, t (54) = 3.06, p =.003. A total of 30.9 % of the foster children presented DSED symptoms according to the DAI, but only 5.5 % of the children according to the RISE. Foster parents reported symptom reduction, t (54) = 3.71, p =.003, while observational data indicated symptom stability. Prior placement in emergency foster care was associated with lower levels of RAD at Wave 1, F (1.62, 80.88) = 7.80, p =.002, while later placed children presented more RAD and DSED symptoms (R RAD 2 = 0.07, R DSED 2 = 0.08, R RISE 2 = 0.12). Psychopathology of the biological parents (R RAD 2 = 0.07, R DSED 2 = 0.08) and visitation with the biological parents (R RISE 2 = 0.14) predicted symptom stability. A substantial number of foster children present persistent DSED symptoms indicating a need for evidenced based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescent depression symptoms, specifically examining the distinct roles of ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination in mediating this connection. The focus is on exploring whether these cognitive processes, namely ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination, operate differently and sequentially in mediating the impact of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) on the development of depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents. The study involved gathering data from 489 adolescents, with a relatively balanced gender distribution (44.79 % males and 55.21 % females). The average age of the participants was 16.92 years, with a standard deviation of 0.67. Data collection took place in two Chinese high schools, and participants were tasked with completing assessments related to CEA, ruminative thinking, deliberate rumination, and depression symptoms. The interplay among these variables was then examined using a serial mediation model. The findings of the study indicate that CEA not only exhibited a direct association with adolescent depression symptoms but also exerted indirect effects through distinct mediating mechanisms involving ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination. Specifically, ruminative thinking was identified as a mediator, whereas deliberate rumination emerged as a buffer in the relationship between CEA and depression. Additionally, ruminative thinking and deliberate rumination partially masked the effect of CEA on adolescent depression symptoms in a sequential pattern. Regarding the link from CEA to adolescent depression symptoms, ruminative thinking is an adverse mediator while deliberate rumination appears to play a benign role. Consequently, the promotion of a shift from ruminative thinking to deliberate rumination is proposed as a promising strategy for alleviating the detrimental effects of CEA on adolescent depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth cohort studies have shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with all-cause mortality. The effect of ACEs on premature mortality among working-age people is less clear and may differ between the genders. In this prospective population study, we investigated the association of ACEs with all-cause mortality in a working-age population. In a representative Finnish population study, Health 2000, individuals aged 30 to 64 years were interviewed in 2000, and their deaths were registered until 2020. At baseline, the participants (n = 4981, 2624 females) completed a questionnaire that included 11 questions on ACEs and questions on tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, self-reported health and sufficiency of income. All-cause mortality was analysed by Cox regression analysis. Of the ACEs, financial difficulties, parental unemployment and individual's own chronic illness were associated with mortality. High number (4+) of ACEs was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in females (HR 2.11, p < 0.001), not in males. Poor health behaviour, self-reported health and low income were the major predictors of mortality in both genders. When the effects of these factors were controlled, childhood family conflicts associated with mortality in both genders. Among working-age people, females seem to be sensitive to the effects of numerous adverse childhood experiences, exhibiting higher premature all-cause mortality. Of the individual ACEs, family conflicts may increase risk of premature mortality in both genders. The effect of ACEs on premature mortality may partly be mediated via poor adult health behaviour and low socioeconomic status. In birth cohort studies, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with all-cause mortality. In working-age people, the association of ACEs with premature mortality is less clear and may differ between the genders. In working-age people, high number of ACEs associate with all-cause premature mortality in females, not in males. The effect of ACEs on premature mortality may partly be mediated via poor adult health behaviour, self-reported health and low socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are pervasive and exert enduring negative effects on health throughout one's life. A better understanding of resilience among adolescents with ACEs exposure is crucial to enhance their mental health; however, comprehensive and multifaceted analyses of its associated factors are limited. This study aimed to investigate multi-level correlates of psychological resilience in Chinese early adolescents exposed to ACEs. In a sample of 5724 middle school students, 65.5 % (n = 3749; 49.1 % females; M age = 13.57, SD = 0.96) reported ACEs during their primary school period and were finally included in this study. Both linear regression and network models were conducted to explore correlates of capacity- and outcome-oriented resilience at the individual (i.e., five personality traits, emotional release, and loneliness), family (i.e., family support and relationships with the mother and father), and school levels (i.e., peer support, teacher support, and relationships with classmates and teachers). Linear regression analysis revealed that all correlates were associated with capacity- (β ranged from −0.271 to 0.503, P FDR < 0.001 for all) and outcome-oriented resilience (β ranged from −0.516 to 0.229, P FDR < 0.001 for all). Similarly, network analysis revealed that neuroticism, conscientiousness, loneliness, emotional release, extraversion, and the relationship with the mother were directly associated with both capacity- (weights ranged from 0.029 to 0.179) and outcome-oriented resilience (weights ranged from 0.024 to 0.396). However, openness, peer and family support, and relationships with classmates and teachers were directly associated with capacity-oriented resilience (weights ranged from 0.020 to 0.201). This study identified the shared and unique associated factors for capacity- and outcome-oriented resilience in the face of ACEs and demonstrated the complex interactions between these factors, which can guide tailored interventions to enhance resilience among Chinese early adolescents with ACEs exposure. Further longitudinal studies may endeavor to confirm our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]