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Among the arenas that reproduce inequality for marginalized groups, housing remains one of the most important. Guided by scholarship on housing insecurity among the poor and parenting amidst poverty, this article investigates the lived experience of parenting within the intricate landscape of housing insecurity. To do so, we draw on in-depth interviews with 100 low-income parents who rent a house in Israel. Our findings show that amidst severe housing challenges, parents constantly enact strong social agency by striving to secure decent housing for their children. Our analysis also reveals how three main facets of housing insecurity permeate and shape everyday parent–child relationships: overcrowded living conditions, economic tensions, and emotional and health challenges. We employ the concept of "negotiation" to offer a threefold conceptualization of our findings regarding parenting experience in the shadow of housing insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Case managers are significant to navigating through the housing process for emerging adults. • Stable housing may provide a platform for access to physical health care resources. • Policies should address service discrimination and integrated service coordination. Homelessness is a significant public health problem in the U.S., where nearly 3.5 million emerging adults (ages 18–25) experience homelessness while unaccompanied by a parent or guardian. Emerging adults are a particularly vulnerable group, even without the added stress of homelessness. Being unhoused can exacerbate negative outcomes in wellbeing and functioning and also increase risky behaviors. These complex needs are important to consider for programs aimed at housing emerging adults with a history of homelessness. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 emerging adults who have experienced homelessness, this study explores a range of perspectives on challenges and opportunities for coordination of housing and social support services for emerging adults, particularly those that are perceived to contribute to housing stability. Overall, findings suggest a mix of positive and negative experiences with various approaches to case management among both stably and unstably housed participants, highlighting the overall importance of the case manager in the housing process experience. Results also indicate that stable housing may provide a platform for greater access to and utilization of physical health care resources. Important issues to be addressed in the future include perceived discrimination in service provision. These results offer policy implications, such as expanding age-related eligibility for support systems and increasing the consistency and timeliness of case management to improve the overall experience of trying to obtain and remain in stable housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Subgroups of LGBTQ youth at higher risk for justice involvement than peers. • Native American and houseless LGBTQ youth at greatest risk for justice involvement. • Justice involvement associated with greater odds of attempting suicide in LGBTQ youth. • Systemic change needed to reduce justice involvement and suicide in LGBTQ youth. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people experience higher rates of justice involvement (e.g., arrests, detainment) and poor mental health compared to their peers. This study examined the relationship between justice involvement and mental health among 33,993 LGBTQ young people (ages 13–24) from the United States. Being from particular regions, experiencing housing instability, and holding specific racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender identities were related to higher rates of justice involvement. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that past arrests and detainment were each associated with greater odds of attempting suicide in the past year, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms, self-harm, and considering suicide. LGBTQ young people who had been arrested (aOR = 6.54, 95% CI = 5.17, 8.26) or detained (aOR = 6.33, 95% CI = 4.19, 9.57) in the past year had more than six times greater odds of attempting suicide in the past year compared to peers who had never been arrested or detained. Better understanding the association between justice involvement and mental health among LGBTQ young people can provide important insights on how to reduce mental health risks and suicide in a particularly vulnerable community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Parents with disabilities with child welfare system involvement, compared to parents without disabilities with child welfare involvement, experience heightened risk for inadequate housing. • This heightened risk for inadequate housing is consistent across multiple disability categories. • For disabled Black parents, compared to Black parents without any disability, the risk of inadequate housing is 3.86 times as high. Parents with disabilities are more likely than their nondisabled counterparts to have child welfare system involvement. Furthermore, once they are involved in the child welfare system, parents with disabilities have disproportionately high rates of poor outcomes, including termination of parental rights. Inadequate housing is also associated with heightened risk for child welfare system involvement, and yet no study has explored the housing circumstances of parents with different types of disabilities within the child welfare system. The present study aims to fill these gaps by providing a national-level examination of the housing circumstances of parents with disabilities involved in the child welfare system, including parents from racial and ethnic minorities. Using data from data the 2018 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), Poisson regression analyses yielded risk ratios, which were used to compare the housing circumstances of parents with and without disabilities. Interaction terms were used to explore the compounding effects of race and disability. Results show that parents with disabilities compared to parents without disabilities experience heightened risk for inadequate housing. The risk is compounded for Black parents with disabilities. These findings indicate the need to prioritize housing supports for disabled parents with child welfare system involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thousands of youth age out of foster care as legal orphans each year. • Males and Native or multiracial youth may be more likely to become legal orphans. • Legal orphans experience longer foster care stays and greater placement instability. • Legal orphan status was associated with higher risk of experiencing homelessness. • Native youth, males, and youth with delinquency histories also had worse outcomes. Tens of thousands of youth age out of the foster care system each year without a permanent family, and many do so after having their parents' rights severed through involuntary termination of parental rights. These legal orphans have no permanent supportive living situation and no legal relationship to their families, putting them at particular risk of poor developmental outcomes in emerging adulthood due to limited levels of social support. Despite rising concerns from practitioners and researchers, no empirical evidence exists showing potential implications of legal orphanhood. This study estimated a series of logistic regression models using linked administrative and survey data to determine whether one's status as a legal orphan was associated with increased odds of experiencing insecure housing, substance abuse, and incarceration when compared to other youth who have aged out of foster care. Results indicate that legal orphan status was associated with a 38 percent increase in the odds of experiencing insecure housing by age 21, even when adjusting for potentially confounding foster care experiences. Additionally, inequities in adverse outcomes were observed for young men and youth identified as being Native American and multiracial. Child welfare system professionals should consider change strategies that mitigate the potential developmental harm of system-level and legal decisions for these subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines exits from homeownership in the United States between 1999 and 2009 using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We first document the extent to which homeowners exited owned housing (to a rental unit or a rent-free unit) during that time period. Second, we examine how socio-demographic characteristics, housing characteristics, debt levels, and receipt of public and private transfers are associated with exiting (or retaining) homeownership, with a particular focus on whether transfers counteract earnings decreases and/or housing cost increases to assist homeowners in retaining their homes. We also investigate whether these associations differ for several subgroups of homeowners defined by their location in the income distribution and race. Findings from regression models that include individual, year, and state fixed effects highlight the role of both labor markets and housing markets in influencing exits from homeownership. More generous and universal public transfers (such as OASDI) appear to help owners retain homes, whereas less generous and means-tested transfers do not. At the same time, the influences of universal transfers on retaining a home are small in magnitude compared to those of decreases in earnings and home values as well as increases in payment-to-income and consumer debt-to-income ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encouraging stable preschool enrollment is a critically important policy response for ameliorating the negative impacts of housing instability and homelessness on young children. To contribute to the evidence base for preschool and family support policies, this article investigates how housing instability and homelessness influences parental preschool choices. Using a modified grounded theory approach to analyze transcripts of interviews and focus groups with 28 families who had experienced homelessness, we find that for formerly homeless parents, the most important factors influencing preschool enrollment are housing stability, social networks, attitudes about preschool education, history of trauma, and the type of support received during interactions with social service systems. We integrate these findings into a socio-ecological model that can guide the development of policy responses that encourage preschool enrollment among families experiencing homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]