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The research and development (R&D) of climate change technology lists (or climate technology lists) is a foundation of the national climate governance system. By identifying and analyzing the technology demands, stocks and strategic direction of climate technology, technology lists can provide information guidance for technological research, development, promotion, transfer and investment. Based on status of technology ownership in this field and research objectives of list development, this study proposed three categories of technology lists: technology demand lists, existing technology lists and future technology lists. An analysis framework was established to compare different methodologies of developing technology lists, based on their information sources, classifications, identifying and sorting methods and ways of presenting. By applying the proposed framework, 10 representative methodologies for technology lists were systematically compared. The homogeneity and heterogeneity of the three categories of technology lists were identified, and an optimization framework of the methodologies was proposed. The results showed that: (1) Various types of climate technology lists have been completed in China, laying good foundations for continued domestic R&D, promotion and international cooperation on climate change technologies. (2) In terms of resource investment, rigor of technology selection process, energy conservation and emission reduction potential, synergistic effect and other indicators, there are similarities in the methodologies for the development of the three climate technology lists. The differences are mainly reflected in the sources of technological information, the selection of technological evaluation indicators and ways of presenting. (3) China's climate technology list research is still relatively defective; systematic and consistent assessment paradigms and the development of technology lists in some key areas are still lacking; and dynamic updating of technology lists is insufficient. On the basis of these findings, this article suggests that China should optimize the technology list development system and enhance the R&D of future technology lists which address carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality targets, key technology lists and international cooperation technology lists based on the third-party technology demand assessment. In addition, promoting the marketization of technology list R&D and application should also be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compilation of technology lists of addressing climate change has guiding effect on promoting technological research and development, demonstration and popularization. It is also crucial for China to strengthen ecological civilization construction, achieve the carbon emission peak and carbon neutral target, and enhance global climate governance capabilities. This study first proposes the existing classification outline of the technology promotion lists, technology demand lists and future technology lists. Then, different methodologies are integrated on the basis of the existing outline of four technology lists: China's existing technological promotion list for addressing climate change, China's demand list for climate change mitigation technology, China's key technology list for addressing climate change, and China's future technology list for addressing climate change. What's more, core technologies are analyzed in the aspects of technology maturity, carbon reduction cost, carbon reduction potential, economic benefits, social influence, uncertainty, etc. The results show that: key industries and sectors in China already have relatively mature mitigation/adaptation technologies to support the achievement of climate change targets. The multi-sectoral system of promoting climate-friendly technologies has been established, which has played an active role in tackling climate change. Currently, climate technology needs are concentrated in the traditional technology and equipment upgrading, renewable energy technology and management decision-making support technology. The key technologies are concentrated in 3 major areas and 12 technological directions that urgently need a breakthrough. For carbon emmission peak and carbon nentrality, carbon depth reduction/zero carbon emissions and geoengineering technology ( CDR and SRM) have played an important role in forming the structure of global emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in the future. Thus, the uncertainty assessment for the comprehensive technology cost-effectiveness, technology integration direction, technical maturity, ethics and ecological impacts is supportive to the national technology strategy. Finally, the presented study proposes several policy suggestions for medium-and long-term technology deployment, improving technology conversion rate, promoting the research and development of key core technologies, and forming a technology list collaborative update and release mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]