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Cardiovascular diseases are still one of the diseases that lead to high mortality. Currently, drugs for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases can significantly improve symptoms, but there are still shortcomings in reducing mortality rates. Therefore, new drugs that can improve symptoms and reduce mortality are needed. As a kind of hydroxylase inhibitor, roxadustat can effectively improve the symptoms of hypoxia by regulating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). HIF is involved in almost all developmental, pathological or physiological processes in the body, including erythropoietin production, iron uptake, and metablism, cellular differentiation, energy metablism, inflammation and immune regulation. At present, the drug has a good prospect in the treatment of renal anemia, but it is rarely used in cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the effects of roxadustat on cardiovascular diseases were systematically and comprehensively discussed, and some help was provided for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) modification is one of the most abundant epitranscriptomic modifications in eukaryotic mRNA, with dynamic and reversible properties. This modification process is coordinated by methyltransferases, demethylases, and related m6 A binding proteins, which in turn affect mRNA metabolism and function. Increasing evidence has indicated that the m6 A RNA modification plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (As) and other related diseases. This paper provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between m6 A RNA modification and As. The entire manuscript summarizes the m6 A RNA modification mechanism and its roles in Asrelated cells including endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells, and discusses the association of m6 A RNA modification with risk factors of As such as high-fat diet, ischemia/hypoxia, oscillatory stress, and hypertension. Finally, this review summarizes researches on drug intervention targeting m6 A RNA methylation to mitigate As. These studies provide important references for exploring new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of As. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, which are still the leading cause of human death worldwide. Ferroptosis is a kind of iron dependent non-apoptotic cell death mode, which is closely related to various physiological mechanisms. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis in macrophages plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Based on the imbalance of iron metabolism in macrophages, this paper reviews the correlation between ferroptosis in macrophages and atherosclerosis in terms of the interaction between ferroptosis in macrophages and lipid peroxidation, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc., in order to provide new ideas for the study of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Macrophage efferocytosis deficiency exists in the formation of atherosclerosis. Defective efferocytosis leads to the accumulation of uncleared apoptotic cells and secondary necrosis, leading to characteristic formation of necrotic core and plaque instability in atherosclerosis. The complete process of efferocytosis includes recognition("find me")stage, phagocytosis("eat me")stage, and the post-processing reaction (digestion) stage. It has been reported that miRNA is involved in the regulation of key signal transduction and lipid homeostasis in atherosclerotic efferocytosis. This paper discussed the important role of efferocytosis in the process of atherosclerosis and the influence of efferocytosis defect on atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the regulatory effects of "eat me" and "don􀆳t eat me" signals of efferocytosis in the overall inflammation of atherosclerosis, and meanwhile the regulation of miRNA on lipid metabolism and inflammation regression in atherosclerosis, and the fine tuning of miRNA targeting macrophage efferocytosis in the process of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is a fatal stage of end-stage cardiovascular disease, which brings a huge medical burden to the society because of its high mortality and re-hospitalisation rates. Intestinal microecology is the largest and most complex microecosystem of human body. It is inhabited by tens of thousands of microorganisms in human gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, with the deepening of the study of intestinal flora, more and more studies have found that the imbalance of intestinal microecology can cause changes of metabolites in heart failure patients, which is one of the key triggers for the development of heart failure, therefore, using the intestinal microbial homeostasis as a new entry point for the treatment of heart failure will be a hotspot in medical research. However, the theory of Chinese medicine, "the spleen is the guardian", covers the physiological functions of the spleen, such as the spleen􀆳s main function of transporting, spleen􀆳s main function of ascending and clearing, and its main function of hiding camping, etc., and the functions of intestinal flora and the "spleen is the guardian" are similar to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper starts from a holistic viewpoint and takes the theory of "spleen as the guardian" in Chinese medicine as an entry point to elaborate on the pathogenesis of intestinal microecological imbalance and heart failure, so as to provide a reference for Chinese medicine treatment or drug research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcription factor EB(TFEB) is a member of the microphthalmia associated transcription factor family. It plays an important role in lipid metabolism and other biological processes by regulating the expression of autophagy and lysosomal related genes. The activity and cellular localization of TFEB can be regulated by posttranslational modifications of proteins. This paper discusses the mechanism of autophagy regulation by TFEB posttranslational modification, aiming to help understand the pathogenesis of related diseases caused by abnormal autophagy, and provides new ideas and feasible intervention targets for the prevention and treatment of corresponding diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages play multiple roles in atherosclerosis. The progression of atherosclerosis is associated with morphological and functional changes in the lymphatic vessels of the diseased arteries, but the mechanism is not fully understood. This paper mainly reviews the origin and classification, the markers and the function of macrophage in atherosclerosis, the origin, the structure function and the markers of lymphatic vessels in atherosclerosis, the changes of arterial wall lymphangiogenesis in different stages of atherosclerotic lesions, the functional role of lymphangiogenesis in atherosclerosis, the lymphatic migration of macrophages and its mechanism involved in lymphangiogenesis, in order to provide a basis for the mechanism research and clinical treatment of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNA (circRNA), an emerging non-coding RNA, is closely related to the processes of lipid deposition, inflammatory response, apoptosis, proliferation and repair in atherosclerosis (As), and affects the development of As. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an important academic value in the prevention and treatment of As, and its regulatory mechanism has not been comprehensively summarized. This paper reviewed the association of circRNA with lipid deposition, inflammatory response and macrophage in As, and summarized the research progress of the correlation between circRNA and atherosclerosis and the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) are hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors that are the primary regulators of the cellular response to hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factors induce inflammation, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and regulate the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This paper reviews the role of hypoxia inducible factors in CVD and the progress of the mechanism of action in recent years, and discusses the role and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factors on vascular constituent cell types and its relationship with the occurrence and development of CVD. It can provide a reference for analyzing the pathogenesis of CVD and discovering new therapeutic targets. The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for further understanding the role and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factors in the pathogenesis of CVD, and to provide a basis for the design of novel effective therapeutic agents targeting hypoxia inducible factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]