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In comparison with petroleum-based polyester poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), bio-based polyester poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) possesses superior physical-mechanical properties and therefore brighter prospect of applications in high gas barrier packaging materials, high performance fibers, engineering plastics, etc. However, PEF has not been commercialized yet because of great challenges in the synthetic technologies of PEF and its key monomer, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. At the same time, with the deepening researches on the structure-property relationship of PEF, it is found that there are some inherent shortcomings in PEF property; therefore,modification of PEF is necessary to promote its processing and applications. We review the recent progress in the synthesis, structure-property and modification of PEF, and the developing trend and prospects of PEF-based materials have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]