Objective To study the changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolism in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and the changes after drug intervention. Methods Bone metabolism and bone mineral density of GDM women who had been treated with calcitriol or did not undergo calcitriol intervention were compared. The indexes of bone metabolism assessed were as follows: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2-VD3], parathyroid hormone(PTH), bone gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid-containing proteins(BGP), procollagen type I carboxy-terminal peptide(PICP), glycated hemoglobin(hemoglobin A1 c, HbA1 c) and blood calcium(Ca). Bone mineral density was measured using ultrasound bone densitometer. Results There were significant differences in 1,25-(OH)2-VD3, BGP and PICP between GDM and GDM women supplemented with calcitriol in the second trimester of pregnancy and late pregnancy. There was a significant difference in bone mineral density in late pregnancy between GDM women and GDM women supplemented with calcitriol. There were no significant differences in blood levels of glucose and Ca between the two groups. Conclusion Calcitriol did not affect blood glucose level during pregnancy and could help to improve bone mineral density in pregnant women with GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]