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We present an efficient one-step scheme for a single spin measurement based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. This scheme considerably reduces the time of operation using a spin star network where a target spin and an ancillary spin are coupled to a ring of N spins. As opposed to the proposal in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2006) 100501] using a cubic lattice crystal to achieve a cubic speedup, the distinct advantage of this scheme is that under ideal conditions it requires the application of only one step to create a system of N correlated spins. In the process of single spin measurement, the total macroscopic magnetization, the individual magnetization and the transfer fidelity are calculated analytically as simple cosine functions of time and the amplitude of irradiation.

In this paper we propose a new scheme of long-distance quantum cryptography based on spin networks with qubits stored in electron spins of quantum dots. By conditional Faraday rotation, single photon polarization measurement, and quantum state transfer, maximal-entangled Bell states for quantum cryptography between two long-distance parties are created. Meanwhile, efficient quantum state transfer over arbitrary distances is obtained in a spin chain by a proper choice of coupling strengths and using spin memory technique improved. We also analyse the security of the scheme against the cloning-based attack which can be also implemented in spin network and discover that this spin network cloning coincides with the optimal fidelity achieved by an eavesdropper for entanglement-based cryptography.

We present a scheme for teleportation of an arbitrary N-atom state without Bell state measurement in thermal cavity QED, and show the feasibility in experiment. Our scheme is also insensitive to both cavity decay and thermal field, and the fidelity of teleportation is only slightly affected by the experimental errors. In addition, the success probability reaches 1.0.

We propose an approach to connect components of a quantum computer by using a linear cluster state, with which an arbitrary N-particle state can be perfectly propagated between quantum components in two ways that are based on feedback measurements and local transformation.

The decoy-state method is a useful method in resisting the attacks on quantum key distribution. However, how to choose the intensities of decoy states and the ratio of the decoy states and the signal state is still an open question. We present a simple formula to analyse the problem. We also give a simple method to derive the bounds of the necessary counting rates and quantum bit error rates for BB84 and SARG04; the latter was previously proposed by Scarani et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 057901] We then propose a multi-signal-state method which employs different coherent states either as the decoy state or as the signal state to carry out quantum key distribution. We find our protocol more efficient and feasible.

We propose an extension of quantum key distribution based on encoding the key into quNits, i.e. quantum states in an N-dimensional Hilbert space. In our protocol, we adopt asymmetric measurement scheme resulting in an efficiency higher than previous protocols and a generalized Bell inequality [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 130404] is employed to detect the presence of an eavesdropper Eve. We also derive the information gained by a potential eavesdropper Eve applying a cloning-based attack and the maximal error rate which measures the robustness of the protocol. The result shows that the security of our scheme increases with the dimension N.