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We fabricate the hybrid films of colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) sandwiched between two electrodes. The voltage and temperature dependences of the electroluminescence (EL) are measured. The quantum-confined Stark effect of colloidal QDs is clearly observed. To explore the mechanism in the QD EL, hybrid films are fabricated with different concentrations of colloidal QDs. Electrons and holes are proposed to be separately transported in QDs and PVK, respectively.

We synthesize colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots with different shell thicknesses, and there are five samples including CdSe core dots, and CdSe/CdS core/shell dots with 1–4 CdS layers. X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements indicate that the stress in CdSe core becomes stronger with the increasing shell thickness, and the optical measurements show that when the shell becomes thicker, the photoluminescence quantum yield is enhanced, and the radiative decay is also expedited. The temperature-dependent optical spectra are measured. The relation between the microstructure and the optical properties is discussed.

We propose and analyse a new method to reduce cross-talk noise in a shift multiplexed holographic storage system using multiple point sources. The normalized diffraction efficiency is given analytically with respect to the shift distance. The noise-to-signal ratio is defined and calculated to value the cross-talk of the system. The numerical results show that using multiple point sources can effectively decrease the cross-talk.

We propose a triple encrypted holographic memory containing a digital holographic system. The original image is encrypted using double random phase encryption and stored in a LiNbO3:Fe crystal with shift-multiplexing. Both the reference beams of the memory and the digital holographic system are random phase encoded. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the encryption and decryption of multiple images and the results show high quality and good fault tolerance. The total key length of this system is larger than 4.7 × 1033.

We study the plasmon-assisted transmission of two kinds of slit structures in a 290-nm-thick silver film on a glass substrate. For the two-slit structure, the total transmission intensity spectra displays a complex modulation, which is attributed to different propagation constants of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on the silver-air and silver-glass interfaces. Replacing one of the two slits by a shallow corrugation results in a simple sinusoidal intensity modulation because of the only effective SPP excitation and propagation on the silver-air interface. These confirm the role of different SPP propagations and interference in the transmission properties of metal nanoslits.

Based on the entropy criterion and n-dimensional uniform distribution of nonlinear digital filter (NDF), we present an efficient NDF-based pseudorandom bit generator (NDF-PRBG) for chaotic stream ciphers. The cryptographic properties of the proposed NDF-PRBG are analysed, and some experiments are made. The results show that it has desirable cryptographic properties, and can be used to construct secure stream ciphers with high speed.

We show that the velocity and position dispersions of a test particle with a nonzero constant classical velocity undergoing Brownian motion caused by electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations in a space with plane boundaries can be obtained from those of the static case by Lorentz transformation. We explicitly derive the Lorentz transformations relating the dispersions of the two cases and then apply them to the case of the Brownian motion of a test particle with a constant classical velocity parallel to the boundary between two conducting planes. Our results show that the influence of a nonzero initial velocity is negligible for nonrelativistic test particles.

Based on phase space delay-coordinate reconstruction of a chaotic dynamics system, we propose a local prediction of chaotic time series using a support vector machine (SVM) to overcome the shortcomings of traditional local prediction methods. The simulation results show that the performance of this proposed predictor for making one-step and multi-step prediction is superior to that of the traditional local linear prediction method and global SVM method. In addition, it is significant that its prediction performance is insensitive to the selection of embedding dimension and the number of nearest neighbours, so the satisfying results can be achieved even if we do not know the optimal embedding dimension and how to select the number of nearest neighbours.

We examine the random motion of a charged test particle with a nonzero classical velocity driven by quantum electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations in a cylindrical spacetime and calculate both the velocity and position dispersions of the test particle. It is found that the dispersions display different behaviour in different directions. These differences can be understood as a result of the topology of the configuration and initial physical conditions.

We demonstrate the contrast reversal behaviour of topography artifacts by changing the diameter of the collection diaphragm in a transmission scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). This originates from the change of the approach curves. Such contrast reversal phenomenon is used to distinguish the artifact signal from the true optical signal of the SNOM image. We also show that continuously changing the diaphragm to a proper diameter can greatly reduce topography artifacts.

We consider the electronic transport through gold–dithiol-molecule–gold junctions. We used an atomically-contacted extended molecule model for the description of such systems. The calculations are based on the matrix Green function method combined with the hybrid tight-binding density functional theory. In order to determine the position of Fermi level, we referenced the experimental results from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Our calculation of molecular conductance near the Fermi level qualitatively reproduces the experimental values measured previously [Science 301 (2003) 1221; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 16164; Nano Lett. 4 (2004) 267]. In addition, we discuss the relationship between different molecular electronic structures and transport properties.

The characteristics of femtosecond laser pumped conical emission in quadratic media of β-barium borate (BBO) crystals are analysed. A minimized dispersion phase-matching angle, by which a wide-range spectrum can be obtained, is used for broadband amplification. When a seed of a chirped supercontinuum pulse is input, it is found that the seed in wavelength 500 nm–750 nm is amplified and time resolved.

The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) experiments with half-cavity targets have been carried out at the Shenguang-II laser facility. The imitative optic multiple-channel analyser (OMA) spectrograph is used to obtain the SRS experimental spectrum. We have developed a two-dimensional laser plasma interaction (LPI2D) code. The SRS spectrum for half-cavity targets is analysed theoretically and simulated numerically using the LPI2D code. These simulations quantitatively reproduce the experimental results firstly.

A newly proposed method, i.e. the adaptive higher-order nonlinear finite impulse response (HONFIR) filter based on higher-order sparse Volterra series expansions, is introduced to predict hyper-chaotic time series. The effectiveness of using the adaptive HONFIR filter for making one-step and multi-step predictions is tested based on very few data points by computer-generated hyper-chaotic time series including the Mackey-Glass equation and four-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system. A comparison is made with some neural networks for predicting the Mackey-Glass hyper-chaotic time series. Numerical simulation results show that the adaptive HONFIR filter proposed here is a very powerful tool for making prediction of hyper-chaotic time series.

Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) nano-structured films are fabricated by the gas evaporation method, and their fluorescent properties are investigated in detail. Compared with the conventional amorphous Alq3 films, the fluorescent efficiency of the nanostructure films is enhanced to a certain extent.

We fabricate a photonic crystal microcavity containing Alq3 in a sandwiched structure by the self-assemble method. The angle-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra and the variation of the PL lifetime demonstrate the effect of the photonic band gap on the spontaneous emission of Alq3 in the photonic crystals.

Employing an organic dye salt of trans-4-[p-[N-methyl-N-(hydroxymethyl)amino]styryl]-N-methylphridinium tetraphenylborate (ASPT) as the active layer, 8-hydrocyquinoline aluminium (Alq3) as the electron transporting layer and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) as the hole transporting layer, respectively, we fabricate a multi-layered organic light-emitting diode and observe the colour tunable electroluminescence (EL). The dependence of the EL spectra on the applied voltage is investigated in detail, and the recombination mechanism is discussed by considering the variation of the hole-electron recombination region.

We have developed the two and half-dimensional electromagnetic relativistic electron and mobile ion cloud-in-cell (CIC) code. Mechanisms of the fast ignition and interaction of ultra-intense and ultra-short pulse laser with plasma are analysed theoretically and simulated numerically using the CIC code. The strong flows of relativistic electrons and the form of the channel are observed. The results show that the superhot electron temperature is about MeV to tens of MeV, and the boring velocity is 0.05c-0.1c with c being the light speed. Some preliminary scale laws are obtained. This simulation quantitatively reproduces the experimental results at early and long times.

The effect of the strong gravitational field of the strange core of a strange star on its surface electrostatic potential energy distribution is discussed. We present the general-relativistic hydrodynamics equations of fluids in the presence of the electric fields and investigate the surface electrostatic potential distribution of the strange core of a strange star in hydrostatic equilibrium to correct Alcock and coworker's result [Astrophys. J. 310 (1986) 261]. Also, we discuss the temperature distribution of the bare strange star surface and give the related formulae, which may be useful if we are concerned further about the physical processes near the quark matter surfaces of strange stars. PACS: 97. 60. Jd, 97. 60. Sm

The presence of a strong, changing, randomly-oriented, local electric field, which is induced by the photo-ionization that occurs universally in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), makes it difficult to observe the quantum-confined Stark effect in ensemble of colloidal QDs. We propose a way to inhibit such a random electric field, and a clear quantum-confined Stark shift is observed directly in close-packed colloidal QDs. Besides the applications in optical switches and modulators, our experimental results indicate how the oscillator strengths of the optical transitions are changed under external electric fields.

Based on analyzing the induced signals from the double-grids of an ionization chamber, the electron-drift time between the two grids is determined and the electron-drift velocity is derived. A waveform digitizer is employed to record pulses from the two grids of the ionization chamber. The electron-drift velocity is measured as a function of the reduced electric field E/p for eight different ratios of Ar+CH4 mixtures. By analyzing the experimental data of this study, self-consistency of experimental data is achieved, and formulae for calculating electron-drift velocity in any ratio of Ar+CH4 mixtures are obtained.

We use two parallel nano-slits in a silver film to form a surface plasmon Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), based on the interference of two surface plasmon waves propagating along the two surfaces of the silver film. Coating the silver film with a photoinduced birefringence polymer film, we achieve optical modulation of the MZI output by changing the refractive index of the polymer film with a pump beam. An on/off ratio of 2.7 is obtained for a probe wavelength of 865 nm.

ZnO is introduced as an alternative to TiO2 in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its band gap similar to TiO2, higher electron mobility, and flexible procedures of preparations. Several samples of ZnO films are prepared with the hydrothermal synthesis method and the sol-gel technique, respectively. These ZnO films were assembled as photoanodes in DSSCs using N3 dye as the sensitizer. The ZnO-based cells prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis show typical current source characteristics, whose fill factor (FF) is 0.44 and photo-to-electric power conversion efficiency is 0.34%. On the other hand, all the samples prepared with the sol-gel technique show accompanied source characteristics with relatively higher power conversion efficiencies (1%) but a lower FF (0.26). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicate that the sol-gel samples have small particles sizes. Therefore, sol-gel samples could adsorb more dye molecules to generate high conversion efficiencies. At the same time, more grain boundaries make it more possible for injected electrons to recombine with the oxidized electrolyte. Hydrothermal samples have bigger grains, so they show poor conversion efficiency and relatively high FF.