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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, which can differentiate into different tissues. It is still controversial whether MSCs can be isolated from adult peripheral blood (PB) under normal conditions and whether they can be mobilized in a way similar to that of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this study, rat MSCs circulating in the PB under normal conditions can be isolated and cultured, and MSCs from PB and BM can be mobilized by LiCL. The mobilized MSCs can be induced to differentiate into neuron by such factors as β-mercaptoethanol and supernatants of nerve cell cultures. The present study provides a broader perspective on the repair of neural trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the east of Xiaolangdi, many river terraces are developed at the exit of the Yellow River Gorges. Among them the terraces in Kouma, Yanshi of Henan Province are most typical, where the Yellow River developed three staircase terraces, among which the altitude of gravel stratum of the topmost terrace is 30-35 m higher than the river level. The top of the gravel stratum was covered by 60 m eolian loess deposits which have many brownish-red paleosol strips. And the paleosol S14 is at its bottom. Research on systematic magnetostratigraphy and paleosol-loess matching indicates that the bottom age of the loess on the topmost terrace is 1165 ka. Therefore, it can be concluded that the terrace develops no later than 1.165 Ma and the situation that the Yellow River runs through Sanmen Gorges and inpours into East China Sea happened at least before 1.165 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]