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Objetivou-se caracterizar o potencial produtivo, a distribuição mensal, a composição morfológica e botânica da forragem de aveia preta e de azevém anual submetidos a estratégias de manejo de corte no estado de São Paulo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com tratamentos correspondendo a combinações entre formas de cultivo (aveia e azevém exclusivos ou combinados) e estratégias de colheita (cortes com 95% de interceptação de luz (IL) ou intervalo FIXO de 30 dias de rebrotação), em arranjo fatorial com três repetições. Os estandes colhidos por IL acumularam 1580kg MS ha-1 corte-1, e os por FIXO 2020kg de MS ha-1 corte-1. A proporção de folhas foi maior no azevém (70%), seguido do cultivo combinado (64%) e depois pela aveia (52%). Entre os manejos, a IL resultou em maiores proporções de folha e menor proporção de colmos que o FIXO. A proporção de azevém foi de 64%, sob o manejo por IL, e 70% no manejo por descanso FIXO. Ao longo do tempo, ocorreu a substituição da aveia pelo azevém na composição do dossel combinado. Ambas as estratégias de manejo podem ser adotadas para essas forrageiras de inverno em sistemas de integração agricultura e pecuária, com vantagem para o azevém.

ABSTRACT: Trees in the production systems can effectively reduce hot weather-induced stress in the Brazilian Midwest. High temperatures cause changes in animals daily routine, and trees into pastures can promote benefits. The aim of this research was to evaluate the behavior of dairy heifers in silvopastoral systems in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A herd of 24 crossbreed heifers (3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Zebu), 350kg average weight, was evaluated over three seasons. Piatã grass was managed under three shade levels: full-sun, moderate-shade, and intensive-shade provided by 10 to 12m high Eucalyptus trees. Behavior data were collected every 15 minutes from 8:30h to 16h. Shade availability significantly impacted heifer behavior, mainly affecting grazing frequency and time during the hottest hours. Grazing behavior was affected by shade levels during the different seasons. Heifers showed preferred grazing times. Heifers in the intensive-shade system visited shady areas during the hottest hours throughout the seasons. Heifers in the full sun-system avoided grazing during the warmer times, ceasing feeding activities. Our results from the Brazilian Midwest showed that shade availability causes breed heifers to change their daily routine.

Trees in the production systems can effectively reduce hot weather-induced stress in the Brazilian Midwest. High temperatures cause changes in animals daily routine, and trees into pastures can promote benefits. The aim of this research was to evaluate the behavior of dairy heifers in silvopastoral systems in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A herd of 24 crossbreed heifers (3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Zebu), 350kg average weight, was evaluated over three seasons. Piatã grass was managed under three shade levels: full-sun, moderate-shade, and intensiveshade provided by 10 to 12m high Eucalyptus trees. Behavior data were collected every 15 minutes from 8:30h to 16h. Shade availability significantly impacted heifer behavior, mainly affecting grazing frequency and time during the hottest hours. Grazing behavior was affected by shade levels during the different seasons. Heifers showed preferred grazing times. Heifers in the intensive-shade system visited shady areas during the hottest hours throughout the seasons. Heifers in the full sun-system avoided grazing during the warmer times, ceasing feeding activities. Our results from the Brazilian Midwest showed that shade availability causes breed heifers to change their daily routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]