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Background: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the modern era are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. High blood pressure (BP) is common in sub-Saharan Africa, however, global attention in the region has been mostly focused on HIV. The impact of BP on mortality among adults with HIV in this region has not been reported. Objective: The objective was to determine the impact of BP on mortality among HIV seropositive (+) adults without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of de-identified medical records of the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare HIV treatment program between 2005 and 2010. We excluded patients with AIDS, who were <16 or >80 years old, or with data out of acceptable ranges. There were 49,475 HIV+ individuals who satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria (Figure 1). Missing data for key covariates was addressed by inverse probability weighting. We summarize crude mortality rates across BP categories, separately by gender. We used proportional hazards regression models to characterize the effect of BP on mortality, adjusting for baseline demographic and clinical factors. We subdivided the sample according to those who were clinically stable, defined as having ≥CD4 350 or WHO Stage 1. Results: Our sample was 74% (36,616 of 49,475) women. Mortality rates for men and women were 3.8/100 and 1.8/100 person-years, respectively. Crude mortality rate among clinically stable men was higher with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg (3.0, 95% CI: 1.6-5.5) than with normal systolic BP (1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7). In weighted proportional hazards regression models, clinically stable men with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg carried a higher mortality risk than normotensive men (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 0.94 to 6.08). Conclusions: Blood pressure is an important aspect of the care of HIV+ patients in sub-Saharan Africa. High systolic BP is associated with mortality among clinically stable men without AIDS. Further investigation into cause of death in warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]