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In many countries, achieving social mixing through a mix of housing tenures became a central strategy in socially inclusive urban renaissance initiatives. While several studies have explored the relationship between tenure and social mix, they often treat social and affordable housing as a homogeneous segment, neglecting the diversity of housing providers and their individualized housing allocation strategies. There is limited understanding of the role of diverse housing providers in creating social mix. This paper aims to address this gap by examining how the presence of different types of social and affordable housing providers impacts the level of social mix and the changes in social mix resulting from tenure conversions in the housing stock owned by different providers. Using population census data in 1988 and 2002 from Warsaw, Poland, from two periods characterized by different housing policies and tenures, the paper argues that social mix was primarily associated with a combination of housing tenures and property ownership, but only in 2002. The findings suggest that limitations on tenure conversions are necessary to achieve long-term social mix. In addition, there is a need for affordable housing providers to diversify and specialize in addressing changing housing needs and dynamic housing aspirations. • A 'socialist' social mix was prevalent in areas dominated by a single ownership form. • 40% of both public rentals and privately-owned units maintained social mix. • The presence of state-owned housing with a single tenure ensured social mixing after the conversion of tenures. • Privatization in cooperative housing with two tenures resulted in social upgrading. • Affordable housing providers need to specialize in order to address changing housing needs and dynamic housing aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the end of the Second World War until independence from Portugal in 1975, the population and size of Lourenco Marques, today's Maputo, was growing rapidly. This also led to the expansion of the city's white middle class of mainly Portuguese origin. This paper analyses COOP, formerly one of Portugal's largest cooperatives, as a major organisation of this group. COOP played a crucial role in the provision of housing for Luso-Mozambicans and was an active private shareholder in the city's urbanisation. Drawing on sources from the COOP archive, the paper asks how COOP used urbanisation to mediate specific ideas for Lourenço Marques' urban future. Following this approach, it identifies three strategies the cooperative applied in reaction to the government's late colonial modernisation discourse. • Provision of housing was crucial part of late colonial modernization in Mozambique. • Housing cooperatives were major agents of colonial urbanisation in Lusophone Africa. • Colonial Mozambique's largest cooperative appropriated late colonial discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]