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Delivering sustainable and inclusive low-carbon transport is a critical to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Yet transport infrastructure is vulnerable to the effects of climate change in low-income countries in Africa. This paper explores the status of inclusive mobility and climate-resilient transportation in Africa, focusing on the perceptions and importance amongst key stakeholders, their incorporation into existing practices, and the priority given to making transport more inclusive and climate resilient. A nested scale approach was used that included an online continental survey of 136 respondents from 17 African countries; 2 country-level Focus Group Discussions in Uganda and Zambia; and city-level semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Lusaka and Kampala using the Delphi method. In addition, an online spatial questionnaire (Maptionnaire) was used to locate where infrastructure improvements were needed, and two city workshops held in Lusaka and Kampala. Providing more active travel infrastructure was a priority for both government and non-governmental groups. This is not connected to climate resilience but to immediate priorities of road safety and health. Our surveys highlighted that climate resilience and inclusive mobility policies are in place, but poor implementation and lack of transparency were undermining outcomes. Upgrading existing infrastructure was more cost-effective and workable than developing new robust alternatives. Lack of knowledge exchange was limiting agencies efforts to tackle this growing challenge. The paper underscores the need to raise awareness of relevant options to improve the climate resilience of transport infrastructure and expand accessible mobility solutions to tackle issues of inclusion and equity in African cities. • African transport policy & planning processes needs a fundamental shift to develop sustainable, equitable and resilient transport infrastructure. • African decision makers lack of climate risks to transport infrastructure knowledge is undermining efforts to increase resilience. • Expanding active travel infrastructure is a priority for African city planners but is not connected to climate resilience. • Upgrading existing transport infrastructure is seen as more cost-effective than developing new robust alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is perceived as a major challenge of modern times. Apart from mitigation measures, such as greenhouse gas emission reductions, a further means to tackle it is via the deployment of adaptation policies and responses, which may also help to address the natural hazards associated with it. Despite the importance of adaptation measures, their effectiveness is often limited by a failure to integrate actions addressing both the causes and symptoms of vulnerability. There is evidence that adaptation processes are largely fragmented, incremental, with limited capacity for transformational change. This paper suggests measures through which transformative adaptation may be further deployed to tackle climate challenges in conjunction with efforts that address poverty alleviation. The implications of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, it offers a comprehensive review of the literature on transformative climate change adaptation, outlining its nature and special features. Secondly, it contains a unique set of cases from 20 countries, predominantly from the Global South, mostly affected by climate change, and is one of the largest studies on the topic ever undertaken. The experiences from this paper will support attempts to sustain transformative adaptation and natural hazards control, which are relevant to the many countries suffering from climatic variations. • Examines the concept of transformative adaptation and its adoption in facing climate change adaptation challenges. • Presents cases of climate change adaptation strategies from 20 countries. • Highlights the context-specific nature of climate change adaptation challenges. • Six countries adopted mainly incremental adaptation approach while 14 countries implemented transformative adaptation methods. • Highlights measures for improving the implementation of transformative adaptation to tackle challenges of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of political uncertainty on sustainable urban development by examining carbon emission trading systems (ETS) in four major markets in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Hubei) from 2014 to 2022. As an alternative to carbon taxes, carbon ETS markets have become increasingly popular due to their success in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, their effectiveness is often hindered by political instability and uncertainty. Utilising logistic regression and AR(1)-GARCH estimations, we identify a negative relationship between political uncertainty and carbon trading volume. Our study also reveals significant variations in the responses of these markets to political uncertainty. The paper contributes to the understanding of how ETS markets operate in a complex and constantly changing political environment. We suggest that policymakers need to consider the impact of political uncertainty on carbon trading when designing and implementing urban policies that promote sustainable development. Additionally, our research contributes to the development of urban policies that can be effectively implemented in both developed and developing regions. • Local government official turnovers are used as the measurement of political uncertainty. • Daily transaction data from four carbon ETS markets (Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei and Guangdong) in China • Considered the probability and proportion of zero transaction day • Logistic regression and AR(1)-GARCH estimations • A negative relationship between political uncertainty and carbon transaction volume [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting cities' carbon emissions is an essential support for peak carbon emissions. Previous studies have mainly focused on estimating carbon emissions at large regional scales. Higher spatial resolution mapping of carbon emissions and simulation of future scenarios are important to support locally appropriate policy guidance to reduce carbon emissions. This paper proposes a bottom-up cadastral parcel-scale Carbon emission forecasting framework based on V ector-based C ellular A utomata (CarbonVCA) by integrating land use modelling and carbon emission estimation. Shenzhen's cadastral parcel-scale carbon emissions from 2020 to 2060 are predicted as a case study. A good performance was achieved using CarbonVCA (MAPE = 19.017 %, RMSE = 0.175 Mtpa (C)). Three progressive scenarios are designed for carbon emission simulation from land use planning and energy structure restructuring perspectives. The designed carbon emission reduction scenario limits carbon emissions and enables Shenzhen to achieve peak carbon emissions between 2025 and 2030. However, the efforts to reach peak carbon emissions may prompt the relocation of industrial land to the suburbs. Such areas will need appropriate infrastructure construction to break through terrain and landscape constraints, maintain economic growth and achieve sustainable development. This framework can forecast a high spatial resolution of land-use-based carbon emissions, which helps construct low-carbon cities. • CarbonVCA effectively improves the spatial resolution for forecasting carbon emission. • Practical evidence is provided for integrating land use into carbon emission accounting. • The future impacts of diverse policies are predicted to help adjust macro policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]