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Global warming is a challenge to the sustainable development of all humanity. Innovation is the main driver of the world's development and a powerful response to economic development and environmental protection. In this paper, a bidirectional fixed effect model and spatial Durbin model are used to explore the impact mechanism, heterogeneity and spatial impact of the low-carbon effect of technological innovation based on panel data of 279 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2019. The findings indicate that (1) technological innovation significantly negatively impacts carbon intensity, while the impact of high-quality technological innovation is greater. After the robustness test with the instrumental variable method and DID method, the conclusion is still valid. (2) The low-carbon effect is stronger in cities where governments pay more attention to green development and in central China. (3) Technological innovation improves energy efficiency (direct mechanism) and optimizes energy and industrial structures (indirect mechanism), and the digital economy strengthens this effect. (4) Furthermore, innovation can negatively impact the carbon intensity of adjacent cities. This paper provides new evidence and perspectives on the impact of technological innovation on carbon emissions more precisely at the city level. Additionally, this study provides an essential reference for countries to cope with global climate change and formulate differentiated policies among regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen certification market faces intricate challenges that are intertwined and interdependent. This research paper employs the metaphor of fitting puzzle pieces together to delve into the complexities of the market. It highlights the central puzzle piece that often goes unnoticed: the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The lack of compatibility in LCA methodologies across certifications creates significant hurdles in achieving harmonization of crucial aspects such as governance, hydrogen categorization, emissions threshold determination, segmented certification due to various hydrogen end-uses, and chain-of-custody tracking systems that catches the interest of research so far. To address this oversight, the paper adopts a structured approach to accomplish its objectives. Firstly, it thoroughly investigates the existing life cycle methodologies employed in global hydrogen schemes, treating them as distinct puzzle pieces. This analysis delves into key components of these methodologies, including eligible sources and pathways, functional unit determination, system boundary definition, cut-off rules, allocation choices, and impact assessment. By examining the differences and variations in these methodologies, the paper elucidates their intricate interplay with policymaking and segmented international goals. Moreover, the research tackles the challenges arising from LCA methodology misalignment in the hydrogen market, drawing parallels with the difficulty of fitting mismatched puzzle pieces together. It explores potential strategies to overcome these challenges by drawing insights from existing certification models in other sectors, such as advocating for internationally recognized standards, designing mutual recognition agreements, creating product category rules and comparability factors, and promoting convergence through market demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-use change is an important factor influencing global climate change and the carbon cycle, and changes in land-use patterns can have a direct impact on global carbon emissions. Therefore, exploring the potential of land use structure optimization and land use management on carbon emission reduction is of great significance in addressing global climate change and achieving carbon emission reduction targets. This paper calculates and analyses the net carbon emissions and evolution characteristics of Nanjing based on the four periods of land use change data in 2010, 2015, 2018 and 2020 using the IPCC carbon emission coefficient method. Then integrates the carbon emissions from land use, land economic and ecological benefits, and establishes a land use structure optimization model under the low-carbon orientation. Finally, the spatial distribution of land use in Nanjing under different scenarios in 2030 is simulated based on the FLUS model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]