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Summary: Scalp dysaesthesia, considered a variant of the cutaneous dysaesthesia syndrome, is characterized by chronic sensory symptoms, including pruritus, pain, burning and stinging in a well‐defined location, without objective findings. Its aetiology is not well elucidated and treatment options are limited, thus it can be challenging and frustrating for both patient and physician. It can be associated with lichen simplex chronicus. In this paper, we review the literature on the pathogenetic factors, diagnostic methods and therapeutic options in the management of scalp dysaesthesia. Dissociation, cervical spine disease and muscle tension seem to be the most important pathogenetic factors. Trichoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and biopsy are all helpful for the diagnosis of the disease. Therapies include high‐potency topical or intralesional corticosteroids, capsaicin and topical anaesthetics, sedative antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, botulinum toxin and vitamin B12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that actinic damage to the skin is an important predictor of skin carcinogenesis. Aim. To investigate the association of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with sun-damage alterations seen by histopathology. Method. In the current prospective study, perilesional skin of SCC or BCC lesions was evaluated for presence of alterations associated with chronic photodamage. Presence of scarring, perineural/perivascular invasion, haemorrhage/haemorrhagic crust, ulceration/erosion and margin involvement were also assessed. Result. Of 6038 included lesions, 4523 (74.9%) were BCCs and 1515 (25.1%) were SCCs. Presence of actinic damage was five times more frequent in SCC than in BCC (OR = 5.29, 95% CI 4.44-6.00, P < 0.001), and diagnosis of SCC was twice as common in photo-exposed than nonphoto-exposed body sites (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 2.03-2.70, P < 0.001). There were twofold higher odds for actinic damage in SCC compared with Bowen disease (OR = 2.015, 95% CI 1.55-2.61, P < 0.001). Assessing the different BCC histological subtypes, we found that nodular BCC had at least twofold higher odds (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 2.09-3.32), infiltrative BCC had 48% higher odds (OR = 1.487, 95% CI 1.18-1.87) and basosquamous BCC had fourfold higher odds (OR = 4.10, 95% CI 3.01-5.57) of having actinic damage compared with superficial BCC. Conclusions. Histological verification of ultraviolet-associated alterations in the perilesional skin in patients with NMSC in our study confirms the aetiopathogenic link between sun exposure and epithelial carcinogenesis on a histopathological basis. This correlation was stronger for SCCs than for BCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 72-year-old man with a history of a giant nodule on his face. He was diagnosed with giant keratoacanthoma (KA) through the use of diascopy on a background of lupus vulgaris (LV). He underwent on various medical examinations including chest radiography, thoracic computer tomography, sputum cultures and bacteriological examination of urine. It represents the use of neo-adjuvant method of facilitating subsequent surgery.

A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the histological study aimed at identifying the dermoscopic patterns of granuloma annulare (GA) and necrobiosis lipodica (NL), which were the common granulomatous skin diseases (GSD).

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon benign vascular disease of unknown pathogenesis, that occurs as solitary or multiple nodules or papules. Lesions are located mainly on the head, forehead and neck, and may be persistent and difficult to eradicate. We report a case of ALHE treated with aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). Treatment consisted of two ALA-PDT sessions with a 2-week interval. Clinical evaluation, 8 weeks after treatment, showed marked improvement though not complete regression. The treatment was well tolerated. At follow-up 4 months after treatment, the lesions were stable. We believe that PDT could be an alternative therapeutic approach for ALHE or could be used as a neoadjuvant treatment to reduce lesion size especially where size or site of lesions limits the efficacy or acceptability of other treatments. The lack of cumulative effects allows repeated treatments with ALA-PDT, but long-term follow-up is advised for assessment of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema nodosum migrans (ENM) is believed to represent a variant of chronic erythema nodosum; however, others consider it to be a separate clinical entity. It most commonly affects women in the third to sixth decade of life. Most cases are idiopathic, but some may be associated with streptococcal infection or thyroid disease. We present a case of ENM in a 33-year-old male patient with an erythematous, painful and infiltrated nodule on the lateral left lower leg. The lesion enlarged centrifugally, and a similar lesion appeared on the right lower leg. Both plaques exhibited a tendency to central clearing that made a peripheral ring evident. The patient was concurrently under treatment with antiviral drugs for hepatitis B infection and had an excellent response to treatment with potassium iodide. An association of ENM with the patient’s viral hepatitis B could not be excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the case of a 65-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of pruritic rash. It states that her medical records shows that she has been previously diagnosed with osteoporosis and treated with 5 milligrams of zoledronic acid (ZA) six months before her admission. It also says that based on the clinical and laboratory data, she has a dermatomyositis and was advised to stop ZA and take etidronate.

The article presents a case study which examines the effectiveness of aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy (PDT) in recalcitrant cases of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The study reveals that improvement was minor despite the prolonged exposure time to ALA and the use of red light. Moreover, it points out that the main effects of ALA-PDT in acne were likely to be reduction in sebum production and consequent reduction in the number of bacteria.

The article presents a case study of a 65-year-old man with histiocytoid sweet syndrome (HSS). It says that the patient presented diffused lesions over his body along with a six-month fever. It tells that HSS depicts an SS histopathological variant which can be misperceived as histiocytes. It adds that HSS was found to be responsive to traditional SS treatments.