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Objective: It is important in the context of gynaecology and obstetrics that the risk of many diseases can be significantly reduced by introducing a number of lifestyle changes, such as diet. Mechanism: An unhygienic lifestyle with an unbalanced diet, eating food of inadequate health quality, can have a significant negative impact on a woman’s health. Findings in brief: It is essential to continue research on the influence of environmental and genetic factors on health, which is important in the context of gynaecology and obstetrics where any educational activities promoting women’s health matter. Conclusions: Educational activities promoting a hygienic lifestyle and a proper diet play a huge role in protecting women’s health.

It is advisable that the medical history of the gynecologist be extended to include the functioning of patients in the sexual sphere, including partner relationships, which affects health, including women’s sexual health. For many patients, sexology issues are taboo and autosexual behavior (masturbation) is a special taboo. Masturbation refers to sexual stimulation, especially of one’s own genitals and often to the point of orgasm, which is performed manually, by other types of bodily contact (except for sexual intercourse), by use of objects or tools, or by some combination of these methods. Autosexual behavior as a topic for inclusion in general gynecology and developmental gynecology indicates the need for a very individual approach to this issue in the context of a given patient. Similar medical issues seem to refer to a general truth about medicine that it is neither merely art nor science, in the modern sense of these terms. It is a separate, indirect field, tertium quid, i.e., the third, intermediate possibility between art and science, but different from both. In the Aristotelian sense, medicine is a habit of practical understanding, perfected by experience in patient care, and the issue of autosexual behavior in general gynecological requires special experience and an individual approach to a patient.

Sex refers to a set of somatic and mental characteristics. The former are determined according to three criteria: gender, external and internal genital organs, and tertiary sex characteristics (breast, specific hair, specific fat distribution, body proportions), the latter distinguish women from men. Every single person experiences problems related to sex - in childhood, adolescence, maturity, old age. In women, these issues are particularly complex at each stage of development. Additionally, during pregnancy, gynaecologists should discuss sexual health with their patients. The sexual health of women with disabilities is a special issue in this respect. Disabilities are a serious social and health problem in both urban and rural agglomerations. Sexual health problems, in the light of these aspects, should also be the task of rural medicine.

The etiology of lichen sclerosus is not fully known, due to its chronic and progressive nature. The predisposing factor is physiological hypoestrogenism, hence the condition concerns girls during their developmental phase considered as estrogen silent (even as early as at the age of 6 months). The paper presents a 5-year-old patient coming from a rural area and suffering from lichen sclerosus together with partial labial fusion (adhesion) and inflammatory infection of the vulva, vagina and anal area. These symptoms intensified after antibiotic therapy the girl had undergone due to a respiratory tract infection. There were changes in the skin of the labia majora and buttocks indicating lichen sclerosus - swelling, traces of scratches, secondary redness, partial fusion of the labia minora on the side of the crotch known as the fourchette, and a runny yellow-white discharge from the vagina.

Objective: The problem of urinary incontinence affects half of the adult female population, impacting adversely on their comfort of life and significantly hindering ordinary life activities (laughing, sneezing, coughing, physical activity); it also affects the quality of their sexual life. Physiotherapy is an increasingly common method for the conservative treatment of genital static disorders and stress urinary incontinence. Mechanism: In this article, the authors consider the following aspects: the use of various physiotherapy interventions as adjunctive treatment for urinary incontinence. The authors reviewed the literature databases in PubMed, Medline and Embase to identify links between the applied physiotherapeutic treatment and its effectiveness. Findings in Brief: The applied physiotherapeutic treatments and their effectiveness in urinary incontinence are presented. Conclusions: Physiotherapy treatments are effective and supportive of the treatment process in women of all age ranges with urinary incontinence, thus improving their quality of life.

Background: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic condition caused by mutations in STK11 (Serine/threonine kinase 11) gene (OMIM 602216 Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 11) located in the short arm of chromosome 19 (19p.13.3). Case: We report the case of a 4 and ½ year-old female child with a rare Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. She was admitted to the Clinic of Gynaecology, the Faculty of Perinatology and Gynaecology, Chair of Adolescence Gynaecology and Sexology at Poznan University of Medical Sciences, in order to undergo preventive medical examinations. The patient was accompanied by her mother. Age and sex-appropriate development. Age-appropriate dental condition. Gynaecological examination was conducted. No changes were identified through palpation. Normal ultrasound picture. No symptoms of genital mucosa estrogenization, which is typical of the patient’s age. A small amount of vaginal discharge was found. Pap smear was conducted to assess vaginal biocenosis. Lacidobacilli deficiency was found and feminine hygiene products, such as Iladian, were recommended. Melanotic macules around the mouth, typical of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome were identified. Conclusions: Due to the increased cancer risk in patients with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, more frequent medical and gynaecological examinations are recommended for the girl. It should be noted that the girl’s mother decision to have her daughter examined at such a young age was appropriate.

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FRA X) is the most common cause of inherited moderate intellectual disability. The cause of FRA X syndrome is a dynamic mutation in the FMR1 gene (located on the X sex chromosome—long arm, position 27.3, between base pairs 147 911 951 and 147 951 125). Case(s): A patient born in 1993 along with her mother was referred to the Department of Developmental Age Gynaecology and Gynaecological Sexology of the Obstetrical Clinical Hospital at the Poznań University of Medical Sciences (Poland) because of existing recurrent menstrual cycle disorders and recurrent genital inflammation. From her history since childhood, this patient had fluctuating body weight with a tendency for overweight and obesity. Contact with the patient was difficult, she was reluctant to answer questions during the medical interview. There is a family history of intellectual disability. The patient required continuous gynaecological and psychiatric care, diet therapy, physical activity was recommended, which had a beneficial effect on the patient’s somatic and mental health. Conclusions: The diagnosis of fragile X syndrome involved not only the patient but also her family in a very broad interdisciplinary approach, also in terms of genetic counselling. Additional problems with cycle disorders, genital inflammation and weight disorders mean that the patient will still require gynaecological and psychiatric care, diet therapy, and physical activity has been recommended, which has a beneficial effect on the patient’s somatic and mental health.