Search

Context Vitamin D deficiency is common in urban Indians despite living in the tropics and its public health consequences are enormous. However, 70% of India is rural, and data from rural subjects, who are expected to have good sun exposure, are scant. Objectives To determine the population prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in rural pregnant women and adolescent girls, compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status in adolescent boys from the same families, and determine seasonal differences in serum 25OHD. Design A cross-sectional study conducted over 18 months. Subjects A random selection of 121 adolescent girls from a survey of a population of 8270 in a rural low socioeconomic community; 139 pregnant women in the second trimester; and a subset of 28 adolescent girls compared with 34 brothers. Measurements Serum 25OHD, serum alkaline phosphatase (AP), sun exposure, and dietary calcium intake. Results The age-adjusted community prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 50 nmol/l) in adolescent girls was 88·6%. Seventy-four per cent of pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency. Mean ± SD 25OHD in girls and women in summer was 55·5 ± 19·8 nmol/l compared to 27·3 ± 12·3 nmol/l in winter ( P < 0·001). Winter serum 25OHD in boys (67·5 ± 29·0 nmol/l) was higher than that in their sisters (31·3 ± 13·5 nmol/l, P < 0·001). Conclusion We report a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and adolescent girls from a rural Indian community. Boys are relatively protected. Seasonal variation in serum 25OHD is significant at latitude 26° N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]