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The relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of subclinical inflammation, and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content, a novel correlate of insulin resistance, has not previously been investigated. We estimated IMCL content in soleus muscle in 30 healthy Asian Indian males using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), and correlated it with body mass index (BMI), measures of abdominal obesity, percentage of body fat (%BF), serum lipoproteins, fasting and post-oral glucose load serum insulin levels and other surrogate markers of insulin resistance. Soleus muscle IMCL content was significantly correlated with age (ρ = 0·64, P < 0·001), BMI (ρ = 0·41, P < 0·05), %BF (ρ = 0·53, P ≤ 0·01), waist circumference (ρ = 0·45, P < 0·05) and waist-to-hip circumference ratio (ρ = 0·58, P < 0·01) but did not correlate significantly with insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) or CRP levels. CRP levels did not correlate with the HOMA-IR value. Soleus muscle IMCL content correlated significantly with measures of generalized and abdominal obesity but not with insulin sensitivity or CRP levels in healthy Asian Indian males. Studies are needed in other ethnic groups to corroborate these data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]