11 results on '"Craig, Kenneth"'
Search Results
2. Self-Regulation (Recovery) From Pain: Association Between Time-based Measures of Infant Pain Behavior and Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Depression and Anxiety.
- Author
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Warnock, Fay F, Craig, Kenneth D, Bakeman, Roger, and Castral, Thaila
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Faces scales for the measurement of postoperative pain intensity in children following minor surgery.
- Author
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Chambers, Christine T, Hardial, Janine, Craig, Kenneth D, Court, Colleen, and Montgomery, Carolyne
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Detecting deception in facial expressions of pain: accuracy and training.
- Author
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Hill, Marilyn L and Craig, Kenneth D
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Introduction to the special series on pain deception and malingering.
- Author
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Craig, Kenneth D and Badali, Melanie A
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pain assessment in children: validity of facial expression items in observational pain scales.
- Author
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Chang J, Versloot J, Fashler SR, McCrystal KN, and Craig KD
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Videotape Recording, Facial Expression, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: Assessing pain in young children requires astute judgment by observers. Multidimensional observational scales for pediatric pain contribute by providing behavioral cues believed to characterize pain in children; yet, few measurement items have undergone rigorous psychometric evaluation. This is the case with facial expression, which has been widely recognized as the most sensitive and specific nonverbal indicator of pain. The criteria for identifying facial expressions of pain differ substantially across scales and are frequently inconsistent with empirical descriptions., Materials and Methods: The present study compared observer ratings of children's (aged 1 to 6 y, inclusive) videotaped postoperative pain reactions using the facial activity items from 6 widely used pediatric pain assessment scales and an anatomically based and empirically validated measure, the Child Facial Coding System. We hypothesized that facial expression items that did not correspond to empirical descriptions would lead to less reliable and divergent pain estimates. Intercoder reliability, criterion validity (empirical and convergent), content validity, and face validity were examined., Results: Findings supported hypotheses and indicated that variation in cues proposed for assessing facial expression led to widely ranging scores that could be insensitive to differences in children's pain intensity., Discussion: The facial items varied considerably in coder judgment reliability as well as criterion (empirical and convergent), content, and face validity. Observational scales should provide behavioral cues that correspond to empirical descriptions of the facial expression of pain.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Pain in the elderly: validity of facial expression components of observational measures.
- Author
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Sheu E, Versloot J, Nader R, Kerr D, and Craig KD
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity physiology, Pain Measurement, Random Allocation, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Videotape Recording, Facial Expression, Observation methods, Pain diagnosis, Pain physiopathology
- Abstract
Objectives: Assessing pain in elderly persons, who have diminished capacity to communicate verbally, requires use of observational scales that focus upon nonverbal behavior. Facial expression has been recognized as providing the most specific and sensitive nonverbal cues for pain. This study examined the validity of facial expression components of 6 widely used pain assessment scales developed for elders with dementia. Descriptions of the facial expression of pain vary widely on these scales., Methods: The detailed, anatomically based, objectively coded, and validated Facial Action Coding System was used as a criterion index to provide a definitive description of the facial expression of pain. Thirty elderly inpatients with clinically significant pain in the back or hip, the majority of whom had cognitive impairments, provided videotaped reactions to physical activities. Participants' facial expressions were videotaped during 4 randomly ordered physical activities and coded by a qualified Facial Action Coding System coder. Three 6-second clips indicative of mild, moderate, and severe pain intensities were selected for study for each participant. The 90 clips were coded by 5 raters using the facial expression components of the following observational scales: Doloplus-2, Mahoney, Abbey, pain assessment checklist for seniors with limited ability to communicate, noncommunicative patient's Pain Assessment Instrument, and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia., Results: Overall, scales that provided specific descriptions using the empirically displayed facial actions associated with pain yielded greater sensitivity, interjudge reliability, and validity as indices of pain., Discussion: Facial expression items on observational scales for assessing pain in the elderly benefit from adherence to empirically derived descriptions. Those using the scales should receive specific direction concerning cues to be assessed. Observational scales that provide descriptors that correspond to how people actually display facial expressions of pain perform better at differentiating intensities of pain.
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Pain assessment as a social transaction: beyond the "gold standard".
- Author
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Schiavenato M and Craig KD
- Subjects
- Humans, Models, Theoretical, Pain diagnosis, Pain physiopathology, Pain psychology, Pain Measurement methods, Pain Measurement standards, Self Report standards, Social Behavior
- Abstract
Pain assessment conventionally has been viewed hierarchically with self-report as its "gold-standard." Recent attempts to improve pain management have focused on the importance of assessment, for example, the initiative to include pain as the "fifth vital sign." We question the focus in the conceptualization of pain assessment upon a "vital sign," not in terms of the importance of assessment, but in terms of the application of self-report as a mechanistic index akin to a biologic measure such as heart rate and blood pressure. We synthesize current inclusive models of pain and pain assessment and propose a more comprehensive conceptualization of pain assessment as a transaction based on an organismic interplay between the patient and clinician.
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- 2010
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9. An interdisciplinary expert consensus statement on assessment of pain in older persons.
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Hadjistavropoulos T, Herr K, Turk DC, Fine PG, Dworkin RH, Helme R, Jackson K, Parmelee PA, Rudy TE, Lynn Beattie B, Chibnall JT, Craig KD, Ferrell B, Ferrell B, Fillingim RB, Gagliese L, Gallagher R, Gibson SJ, Harrison EL, Katz B, Keefe FJ, Lieber SJ, Lussier D, Schmader KE, Tait RC, Weiner DK, and Williams J
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- Age Factors, Aged, Disability Evaluation, Humans, Medical History Taking, Pain etiology, Pain physiopathology, Psychological Tests, Self-Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Pain diagnosis, Pain Measurement methods, Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Abstract
This paper represents an expert-based consensus statement on pain assessment among older adults. It is intended to provide recommendations that will be useful for both researchers and clinicians. Contributors were identified based on literature prominence and with the aim of achieving a broad representation of disciplines. Recommendations are provided regarding the physical examination and the assessment of pain using self-report and observational methods (suitable for seniors with dementia). In addition, recommendations are provided regarding the assessment of the physical and emotional functioning of older adults experiencing pain. The literature underlying the consensus recommendations is reviewed. Multiple revisions led to final reviews of 2 complete drafts before consensus was reached.
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- 2007
- Full Text
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10. "Ow!": spontaneous verbal pain expression among young children during immunization.
- Author
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Stanford EA, Chambers CT, Craig KD, McGrath PJ, and Cassidy KL
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- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Immunization psychology, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Facial Expression, Immunization adverse effects, Pain etiology, Pain Measurement psychology, Verbal Behavior
- Abstract
Objectives: Although self-reports are a commonly used means of assessing pain in clinical settings, little is understood about the nature of children's spontaneous verbal expressions of pain. The purpose of this study was to describe verbalizations of pain among children receiving a preschool immunization and to examine how pain verbalizations correspond to children's facial expressions and self-reports of pain intensity., Methods: Fifty-eight children between the ages of 4 years 8 months and 6 years 3 months (67% female) were videotaped while receiving their routine preschool immunization. Global ratings of facial expression and detailed transcription and coding of pain verbalizations were undertaken. Children provided self-reports of pain using a 7-point faces pain scale., Results: Fifty-three percent of children used verbalizations spontaneously to express their pain. The modal verbalization was the interjection "Ow!," which expressed negative affect and was specific to the experience of pain. Older children were less likely to use verbalizations to express their pain. Children who used verbalizations to express pain displayed greater facial reactions to pain and rated their pain experience as being more intense than children who did not use words to express their pain., Discussion: Results indicate that many young children do not spontaneously use verbalizations to express pain from immunization. When 5-year-olds use verbalizations to express pain, the verbalizations are most often brief statements that express negative affect and directly pertain to pain. Knowledge of how children verbalize pain may lead to an improved ability to assess and manage pediatric pain.
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- 2005
- Full Text
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11. Expression of pain in children with autism.
- Author
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Nader R, Oberlander TF, Chambers CT, and Craig KD
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- Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Injections, Intravenous adverse effects, Male, Pain Measurement, Parents, Retrospective Studies, Autistic Disorder psychology, Pain psychology
- Abstract
Objectives: Reduced pain sensitivity is widely reported to be a common feature of children with autism, yet this conclusion frequently has been based on anecdotal observations and questionable measures of pain. The aims of the study were to (1) characterize the behavioral response of children with autism experiencing a venepuncture using objective observational measures of pain and distress, (2) examine parents' assessments of pain behavior in children with and without autism, including comparison of the relationship of parental reports with behavioral measures, and (3) compare the behavioral reactions and parental assessments of children with autism with children without autism undergoing venepuncture., Methods: Pain reactions to the invasive procedure of venepuncture were videotaped, systematically described and compared in 21 children with autism (3-7 years old) and 22 nonimpaired children, the latter providing a chronological age and gender equivalent comparison group. Parents provided observer reports of pain, and facial activity was used as an objective behavioral measure of pain., Results: The children with autism displayed a significant facial pain reaction in response to the venepuncture procedure. There was a lack of concordance between parental reports of pain and observed pain responses for the children with autism. Behavioral responses of the children with autism were generally similar to the comparison group, except the substantial facial pain reactivity instigated by the venepuncture in the children with autism exceeded that displayed by the nonimpaired comparison children. Parent reports of pain severity did not differ between the autism and comparison groups. The degree of concordance between parental report and observed pain responses was consistently better for the comparison group., Discussion: The findings demonstrate that children with autism display a significant behavioral reaction in response to a painful stimulus, and these findings are in sharp contrast to the prevailing beliefs of pain insensitivity described in the literature to date. The findings also raise questions about the appropriateness of parental global report as an assessment tool for pain in children with autism.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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