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Highlights: [•] The study is focused on the occurrence of nerve abnormalities (size and echotexture) at ultrasonographic examination in fibular nerve conduction block and relationship with neurophysiological findings. [•] The study shows that a normal ultrasound is usually present in a fibular nerve conduction block, but in case of additional axonal damage is associated with an increase of cross sectional area. [•] The importance of our study is the possible diagnostic/prognostic value of the ultrasound in cases of fibular nerve conduction block: normal CSA might indicate a better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]